广州牛津版八年级上册英语每单元语法总结.doc
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1、some 一些,某些,某个。可代替名词和形容词。常用于肯定句。在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语。作定语时,它可以修饰单数可数名词和复数可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。1. 用于肯定句Ask some boys to help you.(修饰复数可数名词)叫些男孩来帮助你。Please bring some coffee.(修饰不可数名词)请拿些咖啡来。Ask some girl to come here.(修饰单数可数名词)叫(某)个女孩来这儿。2. some 用于疑问句时表示“请求、邀请或希望得到肯定的回答”。Would you like some coffee?(表示请求、邀请)请喝咖啡。Ha
2、ve you some stamps?(希望得到肯定的回答)你有邮票吧?any 的用法any 一些,任何。可代替名词和形容词。常用于否定句或疑问句,也可以用于条件状语从句。作定语时,它可以修饰复数形式的可数名词和不可数名词。1. 用于疑问句或否定句Are there any cows in the fields?(修饰复数形式的可数名词)田里有一些牛吗?There wont be any trouble.(修饰不可数名词)没有任何麻烦。2. 用于条件状语从句If there is any trouble, let me know.如果有什么麻烦,要让我知道。3. any 用于肯定句时,通常要重
3、读,修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。Any time you want me, just send for me.什么时候你需要我,随时叫我来。Come any day you like.只要你喜欢,随时可以来。( ) 4 There is not _ meat in my bowl. There is _ chicken in it.A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some( ) 5 -I have forgotten my bread.-Never mind, you can have_.A. some of us B. some
4、 of our C. some of ours D. many of ours( ) 6 -Is there _ tea in that green cup?-Yes, there is_.A. the; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some( ) 1 Could you do_for me, please?A.everythingB.nothing C. something D. anything( ) 2 The bottle is empty. There is_ in it.A. anything B. something C. noth
5、ing D. everything( ) 3 -Turn off the TV, Betty. _ is watching it.-Oh, no. Mum. Im watching it now.A. somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody D. Anybody( ) 4 -Did you find _ in the room?-No, we found _ there.A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybodyC. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody( ) 5 I have a lot
6、 of work to do. 1 have_ time to play.A. not B. any C. no D. some( ) 6 As we know, he is_fool.A. not B. no a C. not an D. No( ) 1 I asked him for some oil, but he hadnt _.A. some B. any C. anything D. no( ) 2 _ of the four roads will take you to the hospital.A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. Any( ) 3 W
7、ould you lend me of your money? A. some B. lot C. a few D. any( ) 4 Would you like_more coffee?A. little B. any C. some D. another( ) 5 -Have you any books on radio?-Id like to borrow _.A. those B. some C. them D. it( ) 1 Listen to me. I have_ to tell you.A. anything new B. something new C. new some
8、thing D. nothing new( ) 2 By the way, is there _ in todays newspaper?A. something new o B. anything new C. new something D. new anything( ) 3 Please be quiet. I have_ to tell you.A. important something B. nothing importantC. important anything D. something important( ) 4 Im not busy. I havent _ to d
9、o.A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything( ) 5 _ has happened, I want you to tell me about it.A. Something B. Everything C. Anything D. Nothing( ) 1 Yesterday morning _ boy broke into the garden.A. any B. some C. many D. much( ) 2 _ twenty boys were playing football at that time yesterday.
10、A. Each B. Some C. No one D. Neither( ) 3 Now I have _ questions. Lets go to ask our teacher.A. any B. much C. some D. a lot( ) 1 If you like these apples, you can take_.A. any B. a lot C. that . D. this( ) 2 I will do_for my motherland.A. anything B. many C. much D. something( ) 3 -Did they find _
11、in the park?-No, they found_there.A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybodyC. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody( ) 1 I dont know_ of these people, for they are new workers.A. any B. some C. one D. much( ) 2 He didnt take _ one. They are all here.A. many B. any C. a little D. That比较级的构成一、形容词级的构
12、成 1. 单音节形容词的比较级以及以-ly, -er, -ow结尾的形容词在词尾加-er;以e结尾的形容词在词尾直接加-r构成,重读闭音节双写末位字母再加er。darkdarker; quickquicker; ; clevercleverer; simplesimpler; narrownarrower。 2. 多音节形容词的比较级在其前加more构成。importantmore important; beautifulmore beautiful。 3. 表语形容词以及由分词变来的形容词,在其前加more构成。afraid more afraid; interestingmore inte
13、resting; pleasedmore pleased。 4. 少数形容词的比较级是不规则的。 good/wellbetter; bad/illworse; farfarther / further;much/manymore;littleless5.以辅音加y结尾的,把y变i,加er。earlyearlier;funnyfunnier 基本句型原级比较1. 由“as + 形容词 + as”或“as + 形容词 + 名词 + as”构成。 my grandpa is as energetic as a young man. exercise is as useful a way as any
14、 other to lose unwanted weight. i try to find as much information as i can about what happened. 2. 由“not so (as) + 形容词 + as”或“not so (as) + 形容词 + 名词 + as”构成。 luckily the weather was not so wet as it is today. 不同级比较1. 由“形容词比较级 + than”构成。 he is more concerned about others than about himself. 2. 由“many
15、 / much more + 可数 / 不可数名词 + than” my friend earned much more money than i did last year. 特殊句型1.表示“越来越”的意思: “比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more / less and less + 原级”结构,与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get, become等。 she felt herself becoming more and more nervous. as the winter is drawing near, its getting colder and
16、colder. 2.表示两者之间更the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词。 jane is the taller of the two children in our family. 3. 表示“越,越”:“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”,the more magazines you sell, the more money you will get. 4. “否定 + 比较级” 相当于最高级。 wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you? i couldnt agree more. the idea sounds
17、 great to me. 5.“a + 比较级 + 名词(than)” 结构常出现在以never构成的完成时态的动词后面。 how beautifully she sings!i have never heard a better voice. 6. 倍数表示法:times as + 形容词原级 + as; times + 形容词比较级 + than;times the + 性质名词 + of。 the dining hall is three times as large as that one. the dining hall is three times larger than tha
18、t one. the dining hall is three times the size of that one. 注意事项1. 为了避免重复, 常用the one代替单数可数名词, the ones, those 代替复数名词, that 代替单数或不可数名词。 2. 当比较对象属于同一范围时,需使用other来排除自身,否则会造成与自身相比较的矛盾。 canada is larger than any other country in north america. 3. “no + 形容词的比较级 + than”结构表达对两者均否定。 dont be proud so early. y
19、ou are no better than me 4. 比较级前面可以用even, still, yet , any, much, a little, a lot, by far等修饰语用以加强语气或表示比较程度。to tell you the truth, my boyfriend is much older than me(一) 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式: long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_ -_ bably _ _ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_
20、 (二)用所给词的正确形式填空: 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4. 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.6. 6. The sh
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