中考英语专题复习第二部分语法考前梳理专题九非谓语动词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题九,非谓语动词,考点一,考点二,考点三,非谓语动词在句子中不可以单独用作谓语,也不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中可以用作其他句子成分。非谓语动词有三种形式,:,动词不定式、动词,-,ing,形式和过去分词。,考点一,动词不定式,动词不定式在句子中可以作除谓语以外的一切成分,:,主语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、表语、定语和状语。,1,.,作主语,动词不定式作主语时,往往用,it,作形式主语,而把真正的主语,(,动词不定式,),置于句末。常用句式,:It is(,not)+,adj,.+(for,/of,sb.)to,do,sth,.,。,To swim in the river is dangerous.=It,s dangerous to swim in the river.,在河里游泳是危险的。,考点一,考点二,考点三,2,.,作宾语,常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词有,:,agree,begin,start,decide,expect,learn,like,manage,pretend,want,try,wish,forget,等。,Don,t forget to close the door.,别忘了关门。,3,.,作宾语补足语,常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词或词组有,want,ask,tell,wish,would,like,order,invite,allow,expect,encourage,等。但在使役动词,(,make,let,have,),和感官动词,(,see,hear,watch,notice,feel,等,),后,要把作宾补的不定式结构中的,to,省略。,考点一,考点二,考点三,I expect you to write to me.,我盼望你给我来信。,I asked him to show me his new dictionary.,我请求他给我看看他的新词典。,不定式可以和疑问词,who,what,which,why,when,how,where,等连用,构成,“,疑问词,+,不定式,”,结构,通常用于下列动词或词组之后,:,tell,teach,know,wonder,learn,show,find,out,ask,understand,等。,When to go there,hasn,t been decided yet.,什么时候去那儿还没定下来。,(,作主语,),Can you tell me where to exchange the money?,你能告诉我哪里能换钱吗,?(,作宾语,),The problem is how to inform her of the news.,问题是该如何把这个消息通知她。,(,作表语,),考点一,考点二,考点三,4,.,作表语,往往置于连系动词,be,seem,等之后,My today,s job is to look after my sister.,我今天的工作是照看我的妹妹。,5,.,作定语,动词不定式作定语时,要置于被说明和修饰的名词之后。,I have something important to tell you.,我有一些重要的事要告诉你。,Tom needs a house to live in.,汤姆需要一栋房子住。,考点一,考点二,考点三,6,.,作状语,表明目的、结果或原因等,My little sister is too young to go to school.,我的小妹太小而不能上学。,(,结果状语,),He went to the shop to buy a bike.,他去商店买了一辆自行车。,(,目的状语,),【巧学妙记】,不定式的用法,不定式有标记,to,与原形在一起,;,没有人称数变化,动词特点它具备,;,主宾定状表补语,唯独作谓不可以,;,not,加上不定式,否定结构要牢记,;,疑问词与不定式,构成短语有意义,;,仔细推敲多思考,准确运用有依据。,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点二,动词,-,ing,形式,动词,-,ing,形式,一般,由,“,动词原形,+,-,ing,”,构成。动词,-,ing,形式既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。,1.,作主语,Eating too much junk food is bad for our health.,吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。,【提醒】,动词,-,ing,形式和动词不定式作主语,在许多情况下可以通用,但动词,-,ing,形式作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。,考点一,考点二,考点三,2,.,作宾语,I don,t mind your smoking here.,我不介意你在这儿吸烟。,3,.,作表语,My mother,s job is cooking meals.,我母亲的工作是做饭。,The speech is very encouraging.,这个演讲令人鼓舞。,4,.,作定语,He can,t walk without a walking stick.,他没有拐杖不能走路。,The boy playing basketball is Bill.,正在打篮球的那个男孩是比尔。,考点一,考点二,考点三,5,.,作宾语补足语,Listen,you,can hear Tom singing in his room.,听,你能听见汤姆正在他的房间里唱歌。,6,.,作状语,Working hard at your,lessons,you,will succeed.,努力学习你的功课,你一定会成功。,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点三,过去分词,规则动词的过去分词由动词原形词尾加,-,ed,构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作。过去分词在句子中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语。,考点一,考点二,考点三,1,.,用法,(1),作定语,过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的词之间存在动宾关系。,I,m reading a book written by Mary.,我正在读玛丽写的一本书。,(2),作表语,过去分词作表语,主语多是人,强调的是主语的一种心理感受。,I feel relaxed after exams.,考试后我感到放松。,考点一,考点二,考点三,(3),作宾语补足语,过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语与分词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。,I have never heard this song sung in English.,我从来没有听到这首歌用英语唱过。,(4),作状语,过去分词作状语,主语与过去分词之间存在动宾关系。,Watered once a,day,the,trees will grow very well.,如果每天浇一次水,这些树会长得很好。,考点一,考点二,考点三,2.,动词,-,ing,形式与过去分词的区别,动词,-,ing,形式表示主动,过去分词表示被动。,The man standing by the window is our teacher.,站在窗边的人是我们的老师。,The building built last year has become our lab.,去年建的楼已成了我们的实验室。,