外研中考英语讲介词和数词总复习汇总.ppt

外研中考英语讲介词和数词总复习汇总,第,28,讲介词和数词,介词,【,真题体验,】,1,Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened,_,C,_,March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural Park this year.,(,2014,，,南京,),A,on B,at C,in D,to,2,I sometimes help my mom with her housework _,C,_,Saturdays.,(,2014,，,北京,),A,at B,in C,on D,to,3,A ship from South Korea sank into the sea,_,B,_,April 16,，,2014.,(,2014,，,滨州,),A,in B,on C,at D,for,4,Some workers in that factory have to work,_,A,_,night.,(,2014,，,嘉兴,),A,at B,for C,with D,among,【,考点梳理,】,中考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。,学习重点应放在以下三点：,1,表时间、地点、方式等介词的用法；,2,介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用；,3,同义或近义介词辨析。,高频考点一表时间的介词,1,at,，,in,，,on,表示时间点用,at,，,如：,at six oclock,，,at noon,，,at midnight,。表示在某个世纪、某年、某月、某个季节以及早晨、上午、下午、晚上时用,in,，,如：,in May,，,in winter,，,in the morning,，,in the afternoon,等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午、下午、晚上时用,on,，,如：,on Monday,，,on July 1st,，,on Sunday morning,等。,2,since,，,after,由,since,和,after,引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,，,但,since,词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,，,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而,after,词组所表示的时段为过去,，,因而要与一般过去时连用。如：,They have lived here since 1978.,自从,1978,年起,，,他们就住在这儿。,After five days the boy came back.,五天后这个男孩回来了。,3,in,，,after,in,与将来时态连用时,，,表示,“,过多长时间以后,”,的意思,，,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。对此提问用,How soon,。,after,与将来时态连用时,，,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。,after,与过去时态连用时,，,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。如：,He will be back in two months.,他将在两个月后回来。,He returned after a month.,他一个月后回来了。,4,for,，,since,for,可以指过去、现在或将来,，,着重说明,“,多久,”,，,后面接时间段。,since,意为,“,自从,起,”,，,多与完成时连用,，,后面接时间点或从句。,since,引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作,，,since,引导从句时,，,主句的动作是持续性的。如：,He has lived here for two weeks.,他在这儿住了两个星期了。,He has lived here since two weeks ago.,他两周前就住这儿了。,Its five years since he left school.,他毕业五年了。,【,例,1】What time do you usually go to school,，,Jack?,_,C,_ about half past seven.,(,2014,，,重庆,B,),A,On B,In C,At D,For,点拨：,表示具体的时间点用,at,。,【,例,2】,It is believed that _,A,_ December 21,，,1891,，,the first basketball game in history was played.,(,2014,，,菏泽,),A,on B,in C,at D,by,点拨：,表示具体的某一天用,on,。,【,例,3】How long have you lived in the new flat?,_,C,_ 2010.,(,2013,，,扬州,),A,In B,After C,Since D,Before,点拨：,表示,“,自从,起,”,应用介词,since,，,后常接时间点或从句。,高频考点二表示地点和位置的介词,1,at,，,in,，,on,at,一般指小地方；,in,一般指大地方或某个范围之内；,on,往往表示,“,在某个物体的表面,”,。如：,He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.,昨天他到达上海。,They arrived at a small village before dark.,天黑前,，,他们到达了一个小村子。,The teacher put up a picture on the wall.,这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。,2,over,，,above,，,on,over,，,on,和,above,都可表示,“,在,上面,”,，,但具体含义不同。,over,表示位置高于某物,，,在某物的正上方,，,其反义词是,under,。,above,也表示位置高于某物,，,但不一定在正上方,，,其反义词是,below,。,on,指两个物体表面接触,，,一个在另一个的上面。如：,There is a bridge over the river.,河上有座桥。,We flew above the clouds.,我们在云层上飞行。,They put some flowers on the teachers desk.,他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。,3,in,，,on,，,to,从下图可以看出,in,表示,“,在某一范围之内,，,在,中,”,；,on,表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤,，,即,“,毗邻；接壤,”,；,to,则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如：,Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east.,日本在亚洲东部,(,范围内,),，,中国东面,(,不接壤,),，,东临太平洋,(,接壤,),。,4,in front of,，,in the front of,in front of,表示,“,在某人或某物的前面,”,，,在某个范围以外；,in the front of,表示,“,在,的前部,”,，,在某个范围以内。如：,There are some tall trees in front of the building.,这栋大楼前有一些高树。,The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.,老师坐在教室前面。,5,across,，,through,across,表示从物体表面通过,，,与,on,有关。,through,表示穿过一个空间,，,与,in,有关。如：,The boy ran across the street.,这个男孩跑过了街。,They walked through the forest.,他们穿过了森林。,6,below,，,under,below,“,在,下,”,，,不一定在正下方。,under,“,在,正下方,”,。如：,There is a dog under the desk.,书桌下有一只小狗。,Write your name below the line.,在横线下方写下你的名字。,7,between,，,among,between,指两者之间。,among,指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如：,There is a map between the door and the window.,门和窗户之间有一张地图。,He is sitting among the students.,他坐在学生当中。,【,例,4】,When and where were you born?,I was born _,C,_ October 1st,，,1998 _ Nanjing.,(,2014,，,玉林,，,防城港,),A,on,；,on B,in,；,in C,on,；,in D,in,；,on,点拨：,表示具体某一天用介词,on,；表示,“,在南京,”,用介词,in,。,【,例,5】Mrs.King put a coat _,A,_ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.,(,2013,，,安徽,),A,over B,with C,behind D,beside,点拨：,由语境可知句意为,“,金太太把一件大衣盖在那个睡觉的小女孩身上来为她保暖,”,。,【,例,6】,Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival,(,桃花节,)?,Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying _,B,_ them.,(,2013,，,东营,),A,in B,among C,between D,through,点拨：,由语境可知句意为,“,是的,，,那些花很漂亮。蜜蜂在它们中间飞来飞去,”,。,高频考点三表示方式的介词,by,，,with,，,in,，,on,by,表示,“,以,方式、方法或手段,”,；,with,表示,“,用,工具,”,；,in,表示,“,用,方式、语言、语调或颜色,”,等；,on,则一般指用网络、电脑、电视、电话等。如：,He studies English by reading aloud every day.,他通过每天大声朗读学英语。,How amazing,！,The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.,真神奇,，,这个男孩能用左右手同时写字。,Can you spell it in English,？你会用英语把它拼出来吗？,【,例,7】,You see,，,Kevin is writing _,D,_ his left hand.,(,2014,，,河北,),A,at B,as C,for D,with,点拨：,句意为,“,你瞧,，,凯文正在用左手写字,”,。,【,例,8】When I got into the room,，,Sue was talking _,B,_ the phone.,A,with B,on C,to D,in,点拨：,用电话在交谈,，,介词应用,on,。,高频考点四介词的固定搭配,介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系,，,才能正确使用介词。,1,动词介词,arrive in/at,到达,ask for,请求,do well in,在,方面做得好,give up,放弃,prefer,to,宁愿选择,；更喜欢,regard,as,把,看做,thanks to,幸亏；由于,think about,考虑,try on,试穿,(,衣服,，,鞋等,),laugh at,嘲笑,learn from,向,学习,2,介词名词,in time,及时,on time,准时,in front of,在,前面,at home,在家,in English,用英语,at night,在晚上,with a smile,带着微笑,at first,首先,at last,最后,on ones way to,在某人去,的路上,at the same time,同时,by hand,用手,，,手工,，,亲手,3,介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配,be born in,出生于,be good at,擅长,be made of,由,制成,be angry with sb.,生某人的气,be angry at sth.,为某事生气,be surprised at,对,感到惊奇,(,诧异,),be used to doing,习惯于干,be tired of,讨厌,；厌倦,be interested in,对,感兴趣,be proud of,以,自豪,(,骄傲,),be full of,充满,take care of,照顾；关心；保管,be busy with,忙于,be strict with sb.,对某人严格要求,catch up with,跟上,，,赶上,have nothing to do with,与,无关,【,例,9】The teachers hope all of us can hand _,D,_ our homework _ time every day.,(,2013,，,黄石,),A,up,；,in B,out,；,on C,on,；,in D,in,；,on,点拨：,考查固定短语,hand in,意为,“,上交,”,；,in time,“,及时,”,，,on time,“,准时,”,。,【,例,10】,How can we protect ourselves _,D,_ the earthquake?,We should stay calm first.,(,2014,，,铜仁,),A,with B,about C,for D,from,点拨：,protect.from.,意为,“,保护,免受,的伤害,”,。,1,I hope the train will arrive on time,，,but its,_,D,_,my control.,(,2014,，,无锡,),A,within B,without C,under D,beyond,2,My friend,，,Susan,，,was born,_,C,_,September 12th,，,1999.,(,2014,，,孝感,),A,in B,at C,on D,for,3,I often go to the cinema with my parents,_,C,_,Saturday.,(,2014,，,大连,),A,at B,by C,on D,in,4,A persons life is like a road,_,B,_,lots of difficulties.,Yes,，,so we need positive energy.,(,2014,，,连云港,),A,by B,with C,along D,during,5,This problem is far,_,A,_,me,，,Im afraid I cant work it out.,Dont worry,，,we will help you.,(,2014,，,扬州,),A,beyond B,beside C,behind D,between,6,The castle stands in a quiet place,_,C,_,the main road at the far end of the river.,(,2014,，,苏州,),A,to B,for C,off D,out,7,Now,，,people regard drinking tea,_,A,_,a culture than a habit.,(,2014,，,临沂,),A,as B,by C,of D,with,8,She sold her treasures to cure her mothers illness,，,even though it was,_,A,_,her own wishes.,Its so kind _ her.,(,2014,，,鄂州,),A,against,；,of B,above,；,of,C,on,；,for D,for,；,for,9,Why do you always go to Lanzhou University on weekends?,Because therere lots of great speakers I can practise English,_,A,_,in the English Corner there.,(,2013,，,兰州,),A,with B,to C,on D,about,10,The workers will build a new railroad,_,B,_ the two cities.,(,2013,，,天津,),A,since B,between C,as D,during,11,_,D,_,the morning of September 8th,，,many visitors arrived _ the train station for a tour.,(,2013,，,乌鲁木齐,),A,In,；,at B,On,；,to C,In,；,in D,On,；,at,12,Mary,，,does your brother get,_,C,_,work by bus,？,(,2013,，,济南,),No,，,he rides a bike.Sometimes he walks.,A,in B,on C,to D,for,13,Lucy lived in Beijing from 2008 _,B,_,2012.,(,2013,，,北京,),A,on B,to,C,at D,of,14,Mr.Wang is strongly,_,C,_,keeping animals in the zoo,，,because he thinks animals should also enjoy freedom.,(,2013,，,临沂,),A,up B,for,C,against D,down,数词,【,真题体验,】,1,Which is the biggest number of the four?,_,B,_,(,2014,，,黔西南,),A,One third B,Two thirds,C,A half D,A quarter,2,Christmas Day is on,_,D,_,of December.,(,2014,，,聊城,),A,twentyfive B,the twentyfive,C,twentyfifth D,the twentyfifth,3,_,D,_,month of the year is May.,(,2014,，,天津,),A,Two B,The second,C,Five D,The fifth,【,考点梳理,】,中考对数词的考查主要有以下四点：,1,基数词和序数词的用法；,2,日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法；,3,分数的表达；,4,hundred,，,thousand,，,million,，,billion,的用法。,高频考点一基数词,1,基数词的构成,1,12,独立成词。,one,，,two,，,three,，,four,，,five,，,six,，,seven,，,eight,，,nine,，,ten,，,eleven,，,twelve,。,13,19,的基数词以,teen,结尾。要注意,thirteen,，,fifteen,，,eighteen,的拼写。,表示整,“,十,”,的基数词：,20,90,的基数词都以,ty,结尾。其中特别要注意,twenty,，,thirty,，,forty,，,fifty,，,ninety,的正确写法。,21,99,的写法是：十位数加个位数,，,中间用连字符号,“,”,连接。如：,26 twentysix,；,57 fiftyseven,101,999,的构成是：百位数与十位数之间用,and,连接。如：,123 one hundred and twentythree,hundred,，,thousand,，,million,，,billion,等词在表示确定数目的时候,，,直接在前面加基数词；表示不确定数目时,，,要在它们后面加,s,，,其后还要加,of,。如：,three hundred students,三百名学生,thousands of students,成千上万的学生,2,基数词的用法,表示数量的多少。,表示年份。,1988,读作,nineteen eightyeight,表示时刻。,7,：,00,读作,seven oclock,8,：,30,读作,half past eight/eight thirty,3,：,05,读作,five past three/three five,5,：,48,读作,twelve to six/five fortyeight,表示顺序。单数名词基数词,，,名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如：,Class Two,，,Room 12,，,NO.3 Middle School,“,数词单数名词,”,相当于合成形容词作定语,(,如：,a threeyearold girl),。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语,，,后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。,与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成,“,数词单位名词形容词,”,，,表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。如：,ten years old,，,3600 meters long,“,几十,”,的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或某个年代。如：,In his sixties,，,he rode a bike round the world.,在他六十多岁时,，,他骑自行车环游世界。,The light bulb was invented in the 1870s.,灯泡发明于,19,世纪,70,年代。,与,another,，,more,连用时,，,表示在已有基础上再增加,定数量。如：,another three hours,，,two more apples,【,例,1】Excuse me,，,sir.Heres a package for Lin Tao.Which room does he live in?,_,B,_.,A,308 Room B,Room 308,C,The Room 308 D,The 308 Room,点拨：,“,几号房间,”,应用,“,Room,房间号,”,表示。,【,例,2】,Lindas mother looks young,，,but actually she is in her _,A,_.,(,2013,，,恩施,),A,sixties B,sixtieth,C,sixty years old D,sixty,点拨：,表示某人约几十岁的时候,，,应用基数词的复数形式,。,高频考点二序数词,1,序数词的构成,序数词多数是由,“,基数词,th,”,构成。如：,six,sixth,，,seven,seventh,等。,以,y,结尾的整十的数字,，,先将,y,改为,i,，,再加,eth,。如：,fifty,fiftieth,，,seventy,seventieth,等。,21,以上的非整十的数字,，,将末位数,(,即个位数,),改为序数词,，,其他的位数仍用基数词。如：,twentyone,twentyfirst,，,two hundred and ninetyeight,two hundred and ninetyeighth,等。,少数的序数词属于特殊情况,，,而且这类词也常常是考点,，,大家要特别注意记忆。如：,one,first,，,two,second,，,three,third,，,five,fifth,，,eight,eighth,，,twelve,twelfth,注意：,fourteenth(,第十四,),，,fortieth(,第四十,),，,ninth(,第九,),，,nineteenth(,第十九,),，,ninetieth(,第九十,),2,序数词的用法,表示顺序。序数词表顺序时,，其前须用定冠词,the,，,后接单数名词。,如：,Im the first one to arrive here.,我是第一个到达这儿的人,注：如序数词前出现人称代词,，,则不加,the,。,如：,Today is my thirtieth birthday.,今天是我三十岁的生日。,用于最高级前。,如：,John is the second tallest boy in our class.,约翰是我们班第二高的男生。,分数。分子用基数词,，,分母用序数词。分子为,1,，,分母用单数,，,分子大于,1,，,分母用复数。如：,one fifth,，,three fifths,。,些习惯用法：,1/4,也可表示为,a quarter,，,3/4,也可,表示为,three quarters,，,1/2,也可表示为,a half,。,带分数的词组作句子的主语时,，,谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如：,Two fifths of the apple is eaten.,这个苹果被吃了五分之二。,Two fifths of the apples are red.,五分之二的苹果是红的。,表示数量上再增加,“,一,”,，,用：,a(an),序数词单数名词。如：,She had a second child.,她有了第二个孩子。,【,例,3】What should we do now,，,Mr.Clark?,Please turn to Page _,A,_ and look at the,_,picture.,(,2013,，,黄冈,),A,Twelve,；,fifth B,Twelfth,；,fifth,C,Twelve,；,five D,Twelfth,；,five,点拨：,Page,基数词,，,且基数词首字母要大写；,the,序数词,picture,。,【,例,4】,_,C,_ of the students in our class _ girls.,A,Two fifth,；,is B,Two fifth,；,are,C,Two fifths,；,are D,Two fifths,；,is,点拨：,分子大于,1,时,，,分母用复数,，,五分之二表示为,two fifths,；带分数的名词作主语时,，,谓语单复数与名词的单复数一致。,高频考点三数词中的难点,1,hundred,，,thousand,，,million,，,billion,的运用。在构成具体的数字时,，,用单数形式。如：,two hundred students,，,表达不具体的多数时用其复数。如：,thousands of students(,成千上万的学生,),2,与,another,，,more,连用时,，,表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如：,another three hours,或,three more hours,。,3,“,一两天,”,可表达为：,a day or two,或,one or two days,有关,“,半,”,的表达：,three years and a half,或,three and a half years,三年半；,half an hour,半小时；,one hour and a half/one and a half hours,一个半小时。,【,例,5】,The government of Linyi is building _,D,_ cheap and good houses for the people.,(,2013,，,临沂,),A,thousand B,thousands,C,thousand of D,thousands of,点拨：,thousands of,为固定搭配,，,意为,“,成千上万的,”,。,一、单项选择,1,In this test,，,were asked to write a passage of about,_,C,_,(,2014,，,宜宾,),A,80words B,80word,C,80 words D,80 words,2,How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha?,It is a,_,A,_,flight from Tianjin to Changsha.,(,2014,，,呼和浩特,),A,2hourlong B,2hourslong,C,2 hours long D,2 hour long,3,The park is far away from here indeed its about,_,D,_,walk.,(,2014,，,苏州,),A,three hour B,a three hours,C,a threehours D,a threehour,4,They are the students of,_,B,_,(,2013,，,南宁,),A,grade 7 B,Grade 7,C,7th grade D,Grade 7th,5,Where is Class,_,A,_,？,Its on the _ floor.,(,2013,，,天津,),A,Six,；,third B,Sixth,；,third,C,Six,；,three D,Sixth,；,three,6,There are seven days in a week and Monday is,_,A,_,day of the week.,(,2013,，,新疆,),A,the second B,first,C,the third D,second,7,Its said that,_,D,_,of the water around the world _ polluted.,(,2013,，,黄石,),A,two third,；,has B,two thirds,；,have,C,two third,；,are D,two thirds,；,is,8,To finish the task,，,weve tried three times,，,and after dinner well try,_,B,_,time.,(,2013,，,安顺,),A,the fourth B,a fourth C,fourth D,four,9,The,_,A,_,action films has attracted millions of young people to the cinema.,(,2013,，,无锡,),A,130minute B,130minutes,C,130 minute D,130 minutes,10,Have you finished your todays work?,No,，,I need,_,B,_,(,2013,，,天水,),A,two another hours B,another two hours,C,more two hours D,two other hours,二、根据句意及提示写单词。,11,There are,thirty,days in April as well as in June and in September.,(,2013,，,杭州,),12,The new semester usually begins in September,，,the,ninth,month of a year.,(,2013,，,宁波,),13,The old man gave away eight,hundred,(,百,)books to the primary school in the countryside.,(,2013,，,兰州,),14,Next Sunday is Fathers Day and it is also my fathers,fortieth,(,第四十,)birthday.,(,2013,，,滨州,),15,It has been the,tenth,(,第十,)day since we climbed the Great Wall.,16,My grandma is in her,eighties,(,八十多岁,),，,but she can still take care of herself.,