中考英语复习-第二篇-语法突破篇-专题十三-非谓语动词.ppt

,第二篇,专题十三非谓语动词,*,考点解读,题组训练,满分突破,小题快练,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题十三非谓语动词,-,2,-,-,3,-,-,4,-,考点,1,考点,2,动词不定式,1.(2017,广东中考,)For more than,once,our,head teacher asks us,the habit of keeping a diary.,A.develop,B.develops,C.developing,D.to,develop,【解析】,D,考查非谓语动词。,ask,sb.to,do,sth,.“,要求某人做某事,”,故选,D,。,-,5,-,考点,1,考点,2,2.(2016,广东中考,)Leonardo,DiCaprio,a,famous American,actor,was,always expecting,an Oscar and finally he made it.,A.to,win,B.will,win,C.not,to win,D.not,winning,【解析】,A,考查非谓语动词。句意,:,莱昂纳多,迪卡普里奥,一位著名的美国演员,始终期盼获得奥斯卡奖,最终他做到了。,expect,后跟动词不定式,意为,“,盼望做某事,”,。故选,A,。,3.(2017,天水中考,)We,ll do what we can,the sick man.,A.to,help,B.help,C.helps,D.helped,【解析】,A,考查非谓语动词。句意,:,我们将会进我们所能帮助这名受伤的男子。此处为动词不定式作目的状语,to help,意为,“,来帮助,”,。故选,A,。,-,6,-,考点,1,考点,2,4.(2017,达州中考,)Do you prefer,basketball with me?,No,I,d,rather,at home and watch TV.,A.play,stay,B.to,play,to,stay,C.play,to,stayD.to,play,stay,【解析】,D,考查非谓语动词的用法。,prefer to do,sth,.“,乐意做某事,”;would rather do,sth,.“,宁愿做某事,”,。故选,D,。,5.(2017,乐山中考,)I didn,t hear you come in just now.,That,s,good.I,tried,the baby up.,A.to wake,B.not,to wake,C.waking,【解析】,B,考查非谓语动词。句意,:,刚才我没有听见你进来。,很好。我尽力不吵醒孩子。,try not to do,sth,.,意为,“,尽力不去做某事,”,符合句意。故选,B,。,-,7,-,考点,1,考点,2,6.(2017,南充中考,),Mario,your,mobile phone is ringing.,Wait a,minute.It,s,dangerous for us,it while crossing the street.,A.answering,B.to answer,C.answer,D.answered,【解析】,B,考查非谓语动词。句意,:,马里奥,你的手机响了。,稍等,过街接电话对我们来说是很危险的。,It is+,形容词,+for sb.to do,sth,意为,“,做某事对某人怎么样,”,。故选,B,。,-,8,-,考点,1,考点,2,7.(2017,岳阳中考,)Though he often made his little sister,today he was made,by her.,A.cry;to,cry,B.cried;crying,C.to,cry;cry,【解析】,A,考查非谓语动词的用法。句意,:,虽然他经常弄哭他的小妹妹,但今天他被她妹妹弄哭了。主动语态,make sb.do,sth,.,句型中,用省掉,to,的动词不定式作宾补,但在被动语态中,“,感、让、听、看,”,等动词后不省略动词不定式符号,to,动词不定式作主语补足语。故选,A,。,-,9,-,考点,1,考点,2,8.(2017,宿迁中考,)The girl students are discussing,the walls in the classroom.,A.what,to paint colorB.to paint what color,C.which,color to paintD.to paint which color,【解析】,C,考查,“,特殊疑问词,+,动词不定式,”,这一固定结构的用法。句意,:,女同学们正在讨论在教室的墙上应该涂哪一个颜色。,“,特特殊疑问词,+,动词不定式,”,这一结构作宾语,“,哪一种颜色,”,用疑问词,which,what,color,表示,“,什么颜色,”,。故选,C,。,-,10,-,考点,1,考点,2,9.(2017,江苏扬州,)Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time,her words on paper.,A.put,B.putting,C.to put,D.puts,【解析】,C,考查非谓语动词的用法。句意,:,妈妈做所有的家务,这样莎拉可以抽出时间去写作文。,take the time to do,sth,.“,花时间做某事,”,为固定搭配。故选,C,。,10.(2017.,遂宁中考,)Our teacher often tells us,time.,A.not,waste,B.don,t,waster,C.not,to waste,D.doesn,t,waste,【解析】,C,考查非谓语动词的用法。句意,:,我们的老师经常告诉我们不要浪费时间。动词,tell,表示告诉某人不做某事的句式为,tell,sb,not to do,sth,故选,C,。,-,11,-,考点,1,考点,2,11.(2017,眉山中考,)I,m,sorry,Miss,Green.I,left my math book at home.,It doesn,t,matter.Please,remember,it here tomorrow.,A.taking,B.to take,C.bringing,D.to bring,【解析】,D,考查非谓语动词用法。句意,:,对不起,格林小姐,我把数学书忘在家里了。,没关系的。记得明天把它带来。由句意可知,“,记得明天把它带来,”,需要用,remember to do,sth,“,记得做某事,”,。故选,D,。,-,12,-,考点,1,考点,2,一、动词不定式的构成,不定式的基本形式为,:to+,动词原形,有时可以不用,to,这里的,to,是不定式符号,本身没有词义,动词不定式的否定形式是,“not+(to+),动词原形,”,。,二、动词不定式的句法功能,1.,作主语。动词不定式作主语常后置,用,it,作形式主语。,It,s not easy for us to speak English.,对我们来说讲英语不容易。,2.,作表语。多数情况下不定式作表语可转换为主语。,Her work is to clean the office every day.,=To clean the office every day is her work.,她的工作是每天打扫办公室。,-,13,-,考点,1,考点,2,3.,作宾语。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。,He wants to play basketball after class.,下课后他想去打篮球。,【注意】,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有,agree(,同意,),plan(,计划,),want(,想要,),learn(,学会,),expect(,期望,),decide(,决定,),wish(,希望,),pretend(,假装,),arrange(,安排,),promise(,答应,),refuse(,拒绝,),prepare(,准备,),hope(,希望,),begin(,开始,),would,like(,想要,),manage(,设法,),try(,努力,),forget(,忘记,),help(,帮助,),等。,They,agreed,to,leave,at,once.,他们同意立即离开。,You,should,learn,to,finish,the,work,by,yourself.,你应该学着独立完成工作。,-,14,-,考点,1,考点,2,在,find,think,后跟不定式作宾语时,常用,it,代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。,I,find,it,interesting,to,play,chess.,我发现下棋很有趣。,【巧学妙记】,只能跟不定式作宾语的动词,决心学会有希望,(,decide,determine,learn,wish,hope,),同意计划莫假装,(,agree,plan,pretend,),胆敢拒绝会失败,(,dare,refuse,fail,),准备设法来帮忙,(,prepare,try,manage,help,),提供请求负担起,(,offer,beg,demand,afford,),答应安排理应当,(,promise,arrange,be,supposed),以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。,-,15,-,考点,1,考点,2,4.,作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。,My mother asked me to learn English well.,我妈妈让我学好英语。,【注意】,一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾语补足语,这时要省略,to,。这些动词有一感,(feel),、二听,(,hear,listen,to),、三让,(,let,make,have,),、四看,(look,at,see,watch,notice,),。,-,16,-,考点,1,考点,2,5.,作定语。在句中修饰名词、代词等,放在所修饰的词之后说明所修饰词的内容等。,Do you have anything to say?,你有什么要说的吗,?,【注意】,不定式有时起形容词的作用,修饰名词、代词,在句中充当定语。不定式作定语时,它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。,She,is,the,first,to,come,to,the,classroom.,她是第一个来到教室的人。,如果不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作发生的地点、工具等,不定式后面就应有必要的介词。,I,need,some,paper,to,write,on.,我需要一些纸写字。,-,17,-,考点,1,考点,2,当不定式所修饰的名词是,time,place,或,way,时,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。,My,grandparents,had,no,place,to,live,(in)before,liberation.,新中国成立前我的祖父母没有住的地方。,6.,作状语。不定式作状语的逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致,可表原因或目的。,I,m sorry to trouble you.(,表原因,),我很抱歉麻烦你。,She went to the library to borrow some books.(,表目的,),她去图书馆借了一些书。,-,18,-,考点,1,考点,2,7.,疑问词,+,不定式,不定式可以和疑问词,who,what,which,when,how,where,连用构成不定式短语,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。该句型常可与宾语从句互换。,He didn,t know how to answer her.,他不知道该怎样回答她。,I don,t know what to do.=I don,t know what I should do.,我不知道应该做什么。,-,19,-,考点,1,考点,2,【注意】,按英语习惯,疑问词,why,后面通常不跟不定式。但在以,why,或,why,not,开头的省略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带,to,的不定式。,Why,get,upset,just,because,you,got,a,bad,mark?,何必因为没有考好就想不开呢,?,You,re,looking,tired.Why,not,take,a,holiday?,你一脸倦容,怎么不休假呢,?,-,20,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,C,)1.(2017,广东一模,)Many parents often warn their kids,candies or toys from a total stranger.,That,s,right.They,are afraid it brings some danger to the kids.,A.to accept,B.accepting,C.not,to accept,D.not,accepting,(,D,)2.(2017,广东二模,)I plan,a,Mobike,to work from tomorrow on.,Me,too.It,s,better than driving a car.,A.ride,B.riding,C.rode,D.to ride,(,D,)3.Paul made a nice cage,the little sick bird till it could fly.,A.keep,B.kept,C.keeping,D.to keep,-,21,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,D,)4.We can never be too careful with our,work.We,must try our best,mistakes.,A.avoid,to make,B.avoid,making,C.to avoid to makeD.to avoid making,(,D,)5.Why don,t you talk to your parents?,It isn,t easy for me,with them.,A.communicate,B.communicates,C.communicating,D.to communicate,(,B,)6.The boy promised,late for school again.,A.to not be,B.not,to be,C.not,being,D.being,not,(,B,)7.Chen,Zhiqiang,took part in Super Brain,himself.,A.challenging,B.to challenge,C.challenged,D.challenge,-,22,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,B,)8.I didn,t hear you come in just now.,That,s,good.We,tried,you up.,A.to wake,B.not,to wake,C.waking,D.not,waking,(,B,)9.I haven,t got a partner,.,Maybe you can ask John for help.,A.working,withB.to work with,C.work,withD.to work,(,D,)10.What,s your favorite relaxing way after school?,I prefer,tennis rather than,TV.,A.playing;watching,B.to,play;to,watch,C.play;watch,D.to,play;watch,-,23,-,考点,1,考点,2,动名词及分词,1.(2017,白银中考,)I look forward,you soon.,A.see,B.seeing,C.to seeD.to seeing,【解析】,D,考查固定搭配。句意,:,我希望尽快见到你。,look forward to,期待,;,盼望。其中的,to,是介词,后面接名词或动词的,-,ing,形式。故选,D,。,-,24,-,考点,1,考点,2,2.(2017,兰州中考,)A nurse,Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother,away.,A.naming;is,B.naming;will,be,C.named;is,D.named;will,be,【解析】,C,考查非谓语动词和动词的时态。意为,:,一个名字叫,Carolyn,的护士将照顾这个婴儿在他母亲离开时。,named,过去分词表示被动,被命名为,;,在时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。故选,C,。,-,25,-,考点,1,考点,2,3.(2017,兰州中考,),is the best way to keep a good relationship with your,parents,teachers,and other people around you.,A.Active,communicating,B.Actively,communicating,C.Actively,communication,D.Active,communicate,【解析】,B,考查非谓语动词做主语。意为,:,积极的交流是与你的父母、老师以及周围其他人保持良好关系的最好的方法。首先动作做主语时要用动名词,其次修饰动词用副词。故选,B,。,4.(2017,邵阳中考,)My little brother didn,t go to bed until he finished,his homework last night.,A.do,B.doing,C.to do,【解析】,B,考查非谓语动词。句意,:,昨晚我的弟弟直到做完他的家庭作业才去睡觉。,finish doing,sth,意为,“,结束做某事,完成做某事,”,故选,B,。,-,26,-,考点,1,考点,2,5.(2017,湘潭中考,)Sometimes you have to stop,too much and just go where your heart takes you.,A.think,B.to think,C.thinking,【解析】,C,考查非谓语动词的用法。句意,:,有时候你不要想太多一切随心就好。句式,stop doing,sth,.,意为,“,停止做某事,”,而,stop to do,sth,.,意为,“,停下来做,(,另一,),件事,”,。故选,C,。,6.(2017,泰州中考,)Diana used to,to,work,but,now she is used to,because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.,A.drive;walking,B.drive;walk,C.driving;walk,D.driving;walking,【解析】,A,考查非谓语动词。句意,:,狄安娜过去常开车上班,但现在她习惯步行了,因为道路很拥挤,她也想保持身体健康。,used to,表示,“,过去常常,”,后跟动词原形,表示,“,过去经常做某事,”;be used to doing,sth,表示,“,习惯做某事。,”,-,27,-,考点,1,考点,2,7.(2017,临沂中考,)When President Xi,Jinping,has spare,time,he,enjoys,and sports.,A.read,B.reads,C.to read,D.reading,【解析】,D,考查非谓语动词用法。句意,:,当习近平主席有空闲时间的时候,他希望读书和运动。,enjoy doing,sth,.,表示,“,喜欢做某事,”,固定用法。故选,D,。,8.(2017,哈尔滨中考,)My favorite TV program is“,Readers”.I,think we should spend as much time as we can,in our spare time.,A.read,B.to read,C.reading,【解析】,C,考查非谓语动词。句意,:,我最喜欢的节目是朗读者。我想我们应多花些业余时间来看书。,spend time(in)doing,sth,.,意为,“,花费时间做某事,”,。故选,C,。,-,28,-,考点,1,考点,2,9.(2017,鄂州中考,)Jack hasn,t taken his piano lessons for a long time.,He is considering,his piano course and spending more time on his study.,A.to dropB.to throw,C.dropping,D.throwing,【解析】,C,考查非谓语动词形式。句意,:,杰克很久没有上钢琴课了。,他正考虑,钢琴课,花更多时间在学习上。根据上文,“,杰克很久没有上钢琴课了,”,下文,“,花更多时间在学习上,”,可知,他正考虑放弃选钢琴课。放弃应该用,drop,相当于,give up,。,consider,如果直接跟动词作宾语,后面的动词一定要用动名词形式。故选,C,。,-,29,-,考点,1,考点,2,10.(2017,黄石中考,),Jack,remember,off the lights when,the home.,OK,I won,t,forget,mom,.,A.turning;leaving,B.to,turn;leave,C.turning;left,D.to,turn;leaving,【解析】,D,考查非谓语动词。句意为,:Jack,离开家时别忘了关灯。,好的,我不会忘记的,妈妈。,remember to do,sth,.,意为,“,记得去做某事,”,符合语境,故排除,A,、,C;,主语,you,和动词,leave,是主动关系,表示正在发生,故用现在分词。故选,D,。,-,30,-,考点,1,考点,2,一、动名词,1.,动名词的构成,动名词由,“,动词原形,+-,ing,”,构成,它具有名词的性质,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。同时又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。,2.,动名词的句法功能,(1),作主语。谓语动词用单数形式。,Smoking is bad for our health.,抽烟有害健康。,(2),作宾语。表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。,I like playing badminton with my friends after school.,放学后我喜欢和我的朋友们一起打羽毛球。,-,31,-,考点,1,考点,2,【注意】,常接动词,-,ing,作宾语的动词或短语有,:keep(,保持,),mind(,介意,),enjoy(,享受,),practise,(,练习,),consider(,思考,),suggest(,建议,),finish(,完成,),miss(,错过,),avoid(,避免,),keep,on(,坚持,),imagine(,想象,),。,After,she,finished,writing,the,article,she,went,for,a,walk.,她写完论文后,出去散步了。,I,really,enjoy,listening,to,the,song.,我非常喜欢听这首歌。,-,32,-,考点,1,考点,2,【巧学妙记】,喜欢,(enjoy),不断,(keep),提建议,(suggest),盼望,(look,forward,to),习惯,(be,used,to),却完毕,(finish),想要,(feel,like),花费,(spend),去练习,(practice),忍俊不禁,(can,t,help),还介意,(mind),后接动词,-,ing,(3),作表语。多数情况下动名词作表语可转换成作主语。,Her hobby is reading novels.,=Reading novels is her hobby.,她的业余爱好是看小说。,(4),作定语。置于所修饰的词之前,表明所修饰词的用途、所属关系等。,We should improve our teaching method.,我们应该改善我们的教学方法。,-,33,-,考点,1,考点,2,二、分词,1.,分词的分类及构成,分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由,“,动词原形,+,ing,”,构成,有主动、进行之意,;,过去分词由,“,动词原形,+,ed,”,构成,有被动、完成之意。注意现在分词和过去分词也有不规则变化形式。,2.,分词的句法功能,(1),作定语。现在分词作定语时,其逻辑主语为它所修饰的词,;,过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。,Do you know the girl standing there?,你认识站在那儿的那个女孩吗,?,Do you know a girl called Linda?,你认识一个叫琳达的女孩吗,?,-,34,-,考点,1,考点,2,(2),作状语。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。,The students went out of the classroom after,class,talking,and laughing.,下课后学生们谈笑着走出了教室。,Seen from the,hill,the,city looks more beautiful.,从山上看这座城市更美丽。,(3),作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征,;,过去分词表示主语处于某种状态。,The situation is encouraging.,形势令人鼓舞。,The boy is too excited to say a word.,男孩激动得说不出话来。,-,35,-,考点,1,考点,2,(4),作宾语补足语。分词在感官动词及使役动词后与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补足语。,I heard her singing in the room just now.,我刚才听到她在房间里唱歌。,He,ll have his car repaired tomorrow.,他明天将去修理他的车。,-,36,-,考点,1,考点,2,3.,现在分词和过去分词的区别,(1),分词作表语时相当于一个形容词,现在分词作表语表示主动概念,过去分词作表语则表示被动概念。,Do you think the film is very interesting?,你认为这部电影很有趣吗,?,They were very moved after they saw the film.,他们看完电影很受感动。,(2),单个分词作定语时应该放在名词前,也相当于一个形容词。这时现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作,而过去分词往往表示一个完成了的动作。,China is a developing country and America is a developed country.,中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。,-,37,-,考点,1,考点,2,(3),分词可以作宾语补足语,这时现在分词所表达的动作和谓语动词同时发生,过去分词所指的动作和宾语之间是被动关系。,I heard them singing songs in the classroom.,我听到他们正在教室里唱歌。,I will have my TV set repaired tomorrow.,明天我要找人修一下我的电视机。,-,38,-,考点,1,考点,2,【注意】,have,sb.do,sth,.,have,sb./,sth.doing,sth,.,与,have,sth.done,have,sb.do,sth,.,意为,“,让某人做某事,”,表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已完成或尚未发生,;have,sb./,sth.doing,sth,.,意为,“,让某人,/,物一直做某事,”,have,可以用,keep,代替,现在分词表示动作的延续和进行,;have,sth.done,意为,“,使某事被做,”,表示动作由他人完成,含被动意义且强调动作已经完成。,The,boss,has,them,work,for,13,hours,a,day.,老板要他们一天工作,13,个小时。,You,d,better,have,your,car,running,slowly.,你最好把车开慢点。,We,had,the,machine,mended,just,now.,我们刚才请人把机器修好了。,-,39,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,A,)1.A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel,by Charles Dickens.,A.written,B.was,written,C.wrote,D.writing,(,D,)2.The retired couple enjoy,photos.They,always go out with their cameras.,A.take,B.took,C.to take,D.taking,(,A,)3.,honest is the first thing people should learn.,A.Being,B.Look,C.Be,D.Become,(,D,)4.Seeing their teacher,into the,classroom,they,stopped,at once.,A.walk;telling,B.entering;to,speak,C.enter;to,tell,D.walking;talking,-,40,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,D,)5.After she finished,the,story,Alice,wrote a review for her school newspaper.,A.read,B.reads,C.to read,D.reading,(,C,)6.Jane,s spoken English is pretty good.,Yeah,she,works hard and practices,it both in and out of class.,A.spoke,B.to speak,C.speaking,D.to speaking,(,D,)7.Tony has much difficulty,Chinese,so,he asks me,help.,A.to,understand;with,B.understanding;of,C.to,understand;for,D.understanding;for,-,41,-,考点,1,考点,2,(,D,)8.I think the talk about how to protect the environment is worth,.,A.to listenB.to listen to,C.listening,D.listening,to,(,D,)9.I usually forget,the,window,but,I remembered,it yesterday.,A.shutting;shutting,B.to,shut;to,shut,C.shutting;to,shutD.to,shut;shutting,(,B,)10.The tiger mom went out the bedroom,her daughter crying sadly.,A.left,B.leaving,C.leaves,D.has,left,-,42,-,【技巧,1,】,辨别谓语与非谓语,先看四,个答案,:,如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。,【典例透析,1,】,(2016,四川绵阳中考,)How kind you,are!You,always do what you can,others.,A.help,B.helping,C.helps,D.to help,【解析】,to help others,是动词不定式短语作目的状语。故选,D,。,【典例透析,2,】,(2016,湖北鄂州,),Hi,Mr.Zhang,do,you often come here to climb the mountain?,Yes,exercise.You,see,I,m,healthier than before.,A.to get,B.getting,C.get,D.gets,【解析】,此处用不定式作状语来表示爬山的目的,故选,A,。,-,43,-,【技巧,2,】,熟记习惯搭配,学习非谓语动词时,要记住哪些动词后面用动词不定式,哪些动词后用动名词,同时也要熟记使用非谓语动词的常用句型。这样遇到有关问题就会迎刃而解。,【典例透析,1,】,(2016,新疆中考,)I used to,newspapers and watch TV after,dinner.But,now I,m used to,a walk.,A.read;take,B.read;taking,C.reading;taking,D.reading;take,【解析】,used to do,sth,.,意为,“,过去经常做某事,”,其中,to,是不定式符号,其后接动词原形。,be used to,意为,“,习惯于,”,后面接名词或动词,-,ing,形式。由此可知选,B,。,-,44,-,【典例透析,2,】,(2016,泰州中考,),Mr.Ling,I,have some difficulty,the article.,Remember,it three or four times at least.,A.to,understand;reading,B.understanding;reading,C.understanding;to,readD.to,understand;to,read,【解析】,have difficulty(in)doing,sth,.“,做某事有困难,”,排除,A,、,D,两项,;,又因为,remember to do,sth,.,意为,“,记得去做某事,”,表示该事情还未做。故选,C,。,-,45,-,1.Would you like to go swimming in the,river,John,?,Swim?Sorry,our,teachers always tell us,D,in the river alone.,A.don,t,swimB.to not swim,C.not,swimming,D.not,to swim,2.Taiji is my,favourite,and I often play it,A,healthy.,A.to keep,B.keeps,C.keeping,D.kept,3.Mount,Xiaolei,is not far away from,here,but,it will still take us a few hours,B,there by bike.,A.getting,B.to get,C.got,D.get,4.The Chinese team are working hard,A,honors in the 2020 Olympic Games.,A.to win,B.win,C.winning,D.won,-,46,-,5.You need to take notes at the,meeting,so,make sure,C,a pen a