【创新设计】2015高考英语(江苏专用)大二轮总复习课件语法专题：专题八-动词和动词短语.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,【,考向聚焦,】,动词与动词短语,动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的,1/3,以上，起着举足轻重的作用。,动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。,考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面：,动词的词义；,动词搭配；,及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；,熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法,(,例如：,break,，,bring,，,call,，,come,，,cut,，,give,，,go,，,get,，,hold,，,look,，,make,，,put,，,set,，,take,，,turn,等,),。,1,(2014,安徽，,26),Terry,，,please _ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.,A,look up from B,look into,C,look back on D,look through,解析,考查动词短语辨析。句意：,Terry,，奶奶和你说话时，请你抬起头来，不要玩手机。,look up from(,从,),抬起头来；,look into,调查；,look back on,回顾，回忆；,look through,浏览；温习；根据句意选,A,。,答案,A,2,(2014,安徽，,28),When the sports hero _ at our party,，,he was welcomed with open arms.,A,turned up B,left off,C,moved on D,got away,解析,考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这位体育英雄出现在晚会上时，他受到了热情地,(with open arms),欢迎。,turn up,出现；,leave off,停止；,move on,往前走；出发；,get away,离开；逃脱；出发。根据句意应选,A,。,答案,A,3,(2014,安徽，,34),Shakespeares writing is still popular today.It has really _ the test of time.,A,failed B,stood,C,taken D,conducted,解析,考查动词辨析。句意：莎士比亚的作品在今天依然受欢迎，它经受住了时间的考验。,fail,失败；,stand,忍受；,take,花费,(,时间，金钱等,),；,conduct,行为，品行。根据句意应选,B,。,答案,B,4,(2014,大纲，,31),Caroline doesnt have a gift for music,，,but she _ it with hard work.,A,goes back on B,takes away from,C,makes up for D,catches up with,解析,考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯瑟琳没有音乐天赋，但是她利用勤奋工作来弥补这个缺憾。,make up for,弥补；,go back on,违背，背弃；,take away from,从,拿走；减损；贬低；,catch up with,追上，赶上。根据句意选,C,。,答案,C,5,(2014,福建，,25),It is widely acknowledged that students should be _ in terms of overall quality.,A,supported B,matched,C,evaluated D,controlled,解析,考查动词词义辨析。,A.,“,支持,”,；,B.,“,匹配,”,；,D.,“,控制,”,。句意：普遍认为应该根据学生的全部素养来评估他们。,evaluated,评估，故选,C,项。,答案,C,6,(2014,福建，,33),As a grassroots singer,，,she reads everything she can _ concerning music,，,and takes every opportunity to improve herself.,A,catch sight of B,get hold of,C,take charge of D,make mention of,解析,考查动词短语。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她阅读她能够找到的关于音乐的一切材料，并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。,get hold of,是固定用法，,“,抓住,”,，故选,B,项。,A.,“,看到,”,；,C.,“,负责,”,；,D.,“,提到,”,。,答案,B,7,(2014,湖北，,23),Seeing the big crowd coming towards him,，,he started to run down the hill,，,but _ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.,A,slipped B,skied,C,signalled D,sank,解析,考查动词辨析。句意：看到一大群人朝他涌来，他开始往山下跑，但他滑倒了并且手膝着地跪在正融化的积雪上。,A.slipped,滑倒；,B.skied,投向空中；,C.signalled,发信号；,D.sank,下沉。,答案,A,8,(2014,湖北，,24),The old rules have to be _ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.,A,developed B,established,C,observed D,revised,解析,考查动词辨析。句意：旧的规则不得不修改，因为它们只适用于一百年前当时制定它们的环境。,A,developed,发展；,B.established,建立；,C.observed,观察；遵守；,D.revised,修改，改进。,答案,D,9,(2014,湖北，,25),Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening,，,but there must be something wrong with the network,；,I cant seem to _.,A,get through B,get off,C,get in D,get along,解析,考查动词短语辨析。句意：我给查尔斯打了一晚上电话，但网络一定出了问题，我似乎不能接通电话。,A.get through,通过；完成；接通电话；,B.get off,下车；动身；脱下；,C.get in,进入，陷入；,D.get along,进展。,答案,A,10,(2014,湖北，,26),Is this your necklace,，,Mary,？,I _ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.,A,came across B,dealt with,C,looked after D,went for,解析,考查动词短语辨析。句意：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？我在打扫厕所时无意发现了它。,A.came across,偶然发现；,B.dealt with,处理；,C.looked after,照顾；,D.went for,去找；努力争取。,答案,A,11,(2014,江苏，,25),Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies.,A,chased B,registered,C,offered D,compensated,解析,考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些大公司都希望得到顶尖的大学毕业生。,A.,“,追逐，试图得到,”,；,B.,“,辞职，放弃,”,；,C.,“,主动提出,”,；,D.,“,补偿；赔偿；抵消,”,，根据上下文句意可知选,A,。,答案,A,12,(2014,江苏，,30),Dad,，,I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.,I see.Ill go right away and _.,A,pay him back B,pay him off,C,put him away D,put him off,解析,考查动词短语辨析。句意：,爸爸，我认为,Oliver,不是适合干这种工作的人。,我明白了。我这就回去让他结账走人,(,即辞退他,),。,A.,“,报答，回报,”,；,B.,“,偿清，付清,”,；,C.,“,把,收起来，放好,”,；,D.put off,“,推迟,”,，宾语通常不是人；根据语境此处应指因为,Oliver,不适合干这种工作，所以给他结清账让他另觅高就，故选,B,。,答案,B,13,(2014,江苏，,33),Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan.,A,remember B,remind,C,recover D,recall,解析,考查动词辨析。句意：传说中端午节的起源是为了召回屈原的灵魂。,A.,“,记起,”,；,B.,提醒，使记起；,C.,恢复；痊愈；,D.,召回，回想起，记起。根据语境可知端午节划龙舟的风俗是由屈原投江后人们想召回其灵魂的行为演化而来的，故选,D,。,答案,D,14,(2014,江西，,27),Anyway,，,were here now,，,so lets _ some serious work.,A,come up with B,get down to,C,do away with D,live up to,解析,考查短语动词辨析。,come up with,提出；,get down to,着手做，开始努力做；,do away with,摆脱，废除；,live up to,和,一样好。根据句意，唯有,B,项符合语境。,答案,B,15,(2014,江西，,29),I dont believe what you said,，,but if you can prove it,，,you may be able to _ me.,A,convince B,inform,C,guarantee D,refuse,解析,考查动词辨析。句意：我不相信你的话，不过你若能拿出证据，或许能够说服我。,convince,使信服；,inform,通知；,guarantee,保证；,refuse,拒绝。,答案,A,16,(2014,陕西，,18),Ralph W,Emerson would always _ new ideas that occurred to him.,A,set off B,set about,C,set up D,set down,解析,考查动词短语辨析。句意：,Ralph W,Emerson,总是会记下突如其来的新想法。,A.set off,动身；引爆；,B.set about,开始着手做；,C.set up,建立；,D.set down,写下，记下。,答案,D,17,(2014,天津，,9),My parents always _ great importance to my getting a good education.,A,have B,attach,C,accept D,pay,解析,考查固定搭配。句意：我的父母总是特别强调我要接受良好的教育。,attach great importance to,是固定短语，,“,认为,重要；强调其重要性,”,之意，故选,B,。,答案,B,18,(2014,天津，,13),The two countries are going to meet to _ some barriers to trade between them.,A,make up B,use up,C,turn down D,break down,解析,考查短语辨析。句意：这两个国家将进行会谈以打破两者之间贸易的障碍。,A.,编造，弥补，和好，画妆；,B.,用光，用完；,C.,拧小；拒绝；,D.(,机器等,),坏掉；打破；分解。根据上下文，其宾语是,barriers,，故是打破障碍之意，故选,D,。,答案,D,19,(2014,浙江，,7),Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head,，,but I tried to _ the pain,，,believing that it would go away sooner or later.,A,share B,realize,C,ignore D,cause,解析,考查动词辨析。句意：上周，一个网球击中了我的头部，但我试图不去理会,(,头上的,),疼痛，相信很快头就不疼了。,share,分享；,realize,意识到；,ignore,忽视，不理会；,cause,引起，造成。,答案,C,20,(2014,浙江，,9),No matter how carefully you plan your finances,，,no one can _ when the unexpected will happen.,A,prove B,imply,C,demand D,predict,解析,考查动词辨析。句意：无论你怎样小心地计划你的开支，没有人能预测到会有什么预料不到的事情发生。,prove,证明；,imply,暗示；,demand,要求；,predict,预测。,答案,D,考点,词义辨析,易混动词,1,lie,，,lie,，,lay,原形,过去式,过去分词,现在分词,意思,用法,lie,lay,lain,lying,躺，位于,不及物动词,lie,lied,lied,lying,说谎,不及物动词,lay,laid,laid,laying,放置，产卵,及物动词,2.rise,和,raise,：,rise,是不及物动词，其过去式是,rose,，过去分词是,risen,，而,raise,是及物动词，是规则动词。,原形,过去式,过去分词,现在分词,意思,用法,arise,arose,arisen,arising,出现，,发生，兴起,不及物,动词,rise,rose,risen,rising,上升，起身,不及物,动词,raise,raised,raised,raising,举起，提高，,唤起，饲养,及物动词,3.hang,的用法,hang,有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是,hung,；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是,hanged,。,4,bear,的过去分词,born,与,borne,bear,作出生讲有两个过去分词,born,，,borne,。只有当,be,born.,短语后没有,by,介词短语时，才可用,born,。如：,He was born in Shanghai.,而作它用时要用,borne,。如：,She has borne five children.,但如果作忍受讲，则一律用,borne,。,5,sit,与,seat,seat,为及物动词时是作容纳讲，,sit,只是表示一动作。,seat,如果表示就座时要用,be seated,。如：,They were seated at their desks.,或用,seat oneself,，比如：,I seated myself in the armchair.,6,win,与,beat,win,作胜，赢讲时其后应接，,a game,，,an argument,，,a battle,，,a prize,，,a contest,，,a race,，,a bet,，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如：,I have won him.,即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而,beat,是及物动词为击败，胜过讲，直接接人、队。,7,steal,与,rob,steal,为偷。,rob,为抢，其用法不同。,steal,其后接物,from,某人、某地，而,rob,其后接人,of,抢的物品。,8,fit,与,suit,fit,与,suit,均可作适合讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如,fit,用于尺寸大小的适合，而,suit,则多用于颜色、式样的适合。,9,cost,，,spend,与,take,英文中花费有三个词,cost,，,spend,，,take,，但各有不同用法。,cost,作,“,花费,”,讲，主语不能是人，而,spend,的主语不能是物。如：,She spent all her money on stamps.,而,take,作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语,it,，如：,It takes me three hours to finish this work.,10,have on,，,wear,，,put on,及,dress,作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。,have on,与,wear,作穿着状态讲；但,have on,不用进行时态，而,wear,则常要用进行时态。,put on,是动作，但,dress,既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如：,He was dressed in a blue suit.,作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：,I dress my children in the morning every day.,11,与名词易混的动词有：,advise(,v,.),，,advice(,n,.),；,accept(,v,.),，,except(,prep,.),；,pass(,v,.),，,past(,prep,.),；,bathe(,v,.),，,bath(,n,.),；,breathe(,v,.),，,breath(,n,.),；,choose(,v,.),，,choice(,n,.),；,succeed(,v,.),，,success(,n,.),。,12,动词 副词 介词：,catch up with,，,look forward to,，,come up with,，,keep up with,，,go in for,，,look down on,，,get on with.,13,动词 介词,to,的短语有：,come to,，,stick to,，,object to,，,agree to,，,turn to,，,attend to,，,belong to,，,devote to,，,reply to.,14,与,in,相结合的动词有：,give in,，,hand in,，,bring in,，,drop in,，,succeed in,，,take in,，,check in,，,engage in,，,fill in,，,trade in.,考点,常用动词短语,1,bring,构成的短语,bring about,引起，导致,bring back,使想起,bring down,降低,bring in,赚得；引入；请,做,bring,_,up,提出；养育；抚养；呕吐,2,break,构成的短语,break away(from),逃脱；脱离,break down(,机器等,),坏掉；,(,身体,),垮掉；,(,计划、和谈等,),失败,break in,破门而入；插嘴,break into,强行闯入；突然开始,break out,(,火灾、战争、疾病等,),突然开始；爆发,break up,解散；粉碎；绝交,3,call,构成的短语,call at,拜访,(,某地,),call on,拜访,(,某人,),call back,回电话,call up,打电话给；使回忆起,call for,去,(,接,),；需要，要求,call in,召来,call off,取消,4,cut,构成的短语,cut down,砍倒；削减,cut in,打断,(,谈话,),，插嘴,cut off,中断；断绝,cut up,切碎,5,come,构成的短语,come about,发生,come across,偶遇,come to,共计，达到；苏醒,come true,变为现实,come up,走上前；被提出,come up with,提出,come into being,形成,6,get,构成的短语,get about,四处走动；传开,get across,传达,get away,逃脱，设法离开,get down,下来；记下,get off,出发；下班,get together,聚会,get through,接通；通过,get down to,开始认真干,get over,克服,get along/on with,进展；相处,7,go,构成的短语,go away,离开,go back,返回,(,某地,),go by,逝去,go on,继续下去，上场，开始运行,go over,检查，反复研究,go out,熄灭,go up(,价格等,),上涨,go down(,温度等,),下降,go against,违背；对,不利,go ahead,开始，进展，进行,go after/for,追逐，追求,go without,勉强维持；凑合,go in for,爱好；参加；从事,go through,通过；经历,go by,过去，经过,8,give,构成的短语,give up,放弃,give in,屈服,give out,用尽；分发,give away,泄露；赠送；颁发,give off,发出,give back,归还；使恢复,9,make,构成的短语,make up for,补偿，弥补,make out,辨认出,make fun of,取笑,make up ones mind,下定决心,make sense,有道理,(,意义,),，讲得通,make good/full use of.,充分利用,make up,编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足,10,put,构成的短语,put aside,把,放在一边,put away,把,收好,put down,扑灭，平息,put forward,提出,put off,延期，推迟,put out,扑灭；生产,put up,挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿,put up with,忍受，容忍,11,turn,构成的短语,turn down,拒绝；调低,turn in,上交,turn out,结果是，证明是,turn over,移交，交给,turn up,出现；调高,turn off,关掉,turn on,打开,turn away,走开,turn to,求助于；翻到,点击此处进入,