八年级英语语法复习.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Revision,of Grammar,Grammar 1:,Simple Present Tense III,*一般现在时态的否定和疑问形式,否定和疑问形式都要借助,do/does.,I like my picture.,-I,dont,like my picture.,-,Do,you like your picture?,-What,do,you like?,She likes purple.,-She,doesnt,like purple.,-,Does,she like purple?,-What,does,she like?,Grammar2:,The Present Perfect Tense.,1.,构成,:,助动词,have/has+,动词的过去,分词,即,:,have/has done,现在以动词,work,为例子将现在完成时态的肯定,形式,否定形式和疑问形式及简略答,语讲解一下,.,*肯定形式,:,I/You,have worked.,He/She/It,has worked.,We/You/They,have worked.,*否定形式,:,I/You,have not,worked.,He/She/It,has not,worked.,We/You/They,have not,worked.,*疑问形式及简略答语,:,Have I/you worked?,Yes,you/I have.,No,you/I have not.,Has he/she/it worked?,Yes,he/she/it has.,No,he/she/it has not.,Have we/you/they worked?,Yes,you/we/they have.,No,you/we/they have not.,2.,基本用法,:,A:,表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成影响或结果,.,I,have,just,washed,my clothes.,*,洗衣服是过去发生的动作,对现在造成的结果是,“,衣服洗干净了,”,.,B:,表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括,“,现在,”,在内的一段时间状语连用,.,We,have learned,English,for two years.,3.,现在完成时常和,already,yet,sometime,always,never,ever,before,just,等词连用,也可以和包括现在在内的,this morning,today,this week,this year,等时间状语连用,.,I,have written,3 English e-mails today.,今天我已经写了三封英文电子邮件了,.,I,have painted,six new pictures this week.,这周我已经画了六幅新画,.,I,have seen,you before.,我以前见过你,.,4.,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别,:,现在完成时态表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如,:,yesterday,last year,two days ago,just now,in 2000,等,.,而一般过去时态只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,要和表示过去的时间状语连用,.,试比较,:,I,have read,the book.,我已经读过这本书,.,I,read,the book last year.,我去年读了这本书,(,只说明去年读了这本书,不涉及现在的情况,.),He,has worked,here since 1998.,1998,年以来他一直在这里工作,.(,他现在还在这里工作,),He,worked,here in 1998.,1998,年他在这里工作,.(,不涉及现在他是否在这里工作,),She,has been,a teacher for twenty years.,她当老师,20,年了,.(,她现在还是老师,),She,was,a teacher for twenty years.,她当了,20,年老师,.(,不涉及现在是不是老师,),5.,动词过去分词的构成,:,*,规则变化,:,和过去式变化规则相同,A:,动词原形,+ed,:played,wanted,worked,B:,以不发音的,e,结尾的词加,d,:loved,liked,used,C:,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的词,先变,y,加为,i,再加,ed:,studystudied,trytried,worry-worried,D:,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,重读闭音节词,先,双写,这个辅音字母，再加,ed:,stopped,planned,dropped,*不规则变化：需掌握规律,逐一熟记,.,:,词形不变,:cut-cut-cut,hit-hit-hit,let-let-let,B:,过去式和过去分词相同,:,dig-dug-dug,feel-felt-felt,C:,过去式加,n/en,构成过去分词,:,speak-spoke-spoken,break-broke-broken,choose-chose-chosen,D:,动词原形中间元音字母,i,改,a,变为过去,式,i,改,u,变为过去分词,:,begin-began-begun,drink-drank-drunk,E:,从原形变为过去分词,:,come-came-come,do-did-done,go-went-gone,Grammar3:,Tag Questions,反意疑问句,:,概念,:,反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方来证实,.,构成,:,反意疑问句由两部分构成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短提问,.,如果前一部分用肯定形式，后一部分就用否定形式，如果前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,.,两部分的人称和时态要一致,.,3.,语调,:,反意疑问句陈述部分用降调,提问者对陈述部分把握大时,后一部分用降调,把握不大时,用升调,.,4.,例句,:,-The weather here in summer is very hot,isnt it?,-Yes,it is.,-You like swimming,dont you?,-No,I dont.,-He hasnt come back,has he?,-No,he hasnt.,5.,注意,:,*,前一部分主语是名词,后一部分则相应的变为代词,:,Li Ming is a boy,isnt,he,?,*,前一部分谓语动词是实义动词,则后一部分要相应使用助动词,.,Tom likes English,does,he?,*,对反意疑问句的回答,不管怎么提问,如果事实是肯定的，就用,yes,事实,是否定的就用,no,这和汉语不同，,要特别注意,.,*,前一部分是祈使句,后一部分则用,will you?/wont you?,Grammar4:,The Possessive Case of Nouns,1.,单数名词,:,加,s,读音,:,清辅音后读,/s/,浊辅音和元音后,读,/z/,例如,:Mikes dog,Johns bike,2.,以,s,为结尾的复数名词,:,加,读音,:,读音不变,例如,:Teachers Day,the students reading room,3.,不以,s,结尾的复数名词,:,加,s,读音,:,清辅音后读,/s/,浊辅音后和元,音后读,/z/,例如,:Womens Day,the Childrens Palace,mens room,注意事项,:,A:,如果是两个人共有的东西,则在后一个名词后加,s,如果不是两个人共有的东西,则在两个名词之后都加,s:,Lucy and Lilys room,Lucys and Lilys rooms,B:,表示住家，店铺时,名词所有格后面一般省略掉它所修饰的名词,:,at my uncles=at my uncles home,at the barbers=at the barbers shop,C:,有表示时间,距离,国家等的名词,也可以加,s,表示所有格,:,todays evening paper,今天的晚报,five minutes walk,步行五分钟的路程,Chinas agriculture,中国的农业,Grammar5:,positive sentences,肯定句,negative sentences,否定句,interrogative sentences,疑问句,*,陈述句用来叙述一项事实,分为肯定句和否定句,.,*肯定,/,否定句,I,am,a student in junior school.,I,am not,a student in junior school.,谓语如果是,be,变成否定要直接在其后面加,not.,I,work,in a middle school here.,I,dont,work in a middle school.,谓语如果是实意动词,要加,dont/doesnt/didnt,He,doesnt,like English.(,三单形式,),*,疑问句分为,一般,疑问句和,特殊,疑问句,*一般疑问句一般由,be/do/does/did,提问,Are you,an English teacher?,Do you,like English?,Does she,play basketball?,疑问语序,特殊疑问句一般由,why,when,where,how,等特殊疑问词来引导,Why,do you,like English?,Where,does she,live?,When,will you,begin?,疑问语序,Grammar 6.:V-,ing,*,v-ing,构成,1.,一般直接加,ing,:work-working,2.,以不发音的,e,为结尾的,去掉,e,加,ing,:,skate-skating,3.,以重读闭音节为结尾的,双写最后一个字母,再加,ing,:,shop-shopping,swim-swimming,*,v-ing,用法,1.,与,be,构成进行时态,做谓语,.,The children,are flying,kites in the park.,It,was raining,all day yesterday.,2.,与其他动词构成短语,在句子中做,主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾语补足语,等,Watching,TV too much is bad for your eyes.(,主语,),I like,playing,football very much.(,宾语,),His hobby is,collecting,stamps.(,表语,),China is a,developing,country.(,定语,),I saw them,walking,across the street.(,宾语补足语,),Grammar 7:,Personal Pronouns,人称,单数,复数,主格,宾格,主格,宾格,第一人称,I,me,we,us,第二人称,you,you,you,you,第三人称,he,him,they,them,she,her,it,it,用法,:,主格人称代词在句子中做主语,.,I/We/You/They,like playing football.,This is a new book.,It,is very useful to students.,2.,宾格人称代词在句子中做动词宾语或介词宾语,.,My mother gave,me,a present yesterday.,It is very important for,us,to learn English well.,Grammar 8:,Possessive Pronouns,类别,单数,复数,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,形容词性物主代词,my,you,his,her,its,our,your,their,名词性物主代词,mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs,用法,:,形容词性的物主代词的用法相当于形容词,在句子中只做定语,.,I love,my,parents.,Her,books are in the bag.,2.,名词性物主代词相当于名词,它后面不能跟名词,它在句子中做主语,宾语,表语,.,His handwriting is good.,Hers,is better.,My bike is broken.May I borrow,yours,?,Grammar9:,Reflexive Pronouns,1.,概念,:,表示一个动作返回到该动作执行者本身或强调某人或某物,“,本人,本身,”,的代词叫作反身代词,.,2.,反身代词形式,形式,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,复数,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,3.,用法,:,*,在句中做动词或介词的宾语,Please help,yourself,to some tea,The girl is too young to look after,herself.,He never thought of,himself.,They teach,themselves,English.,*,在句中做名词或代词的,同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,做,“,亲自,本人,”,解,可以放在名词,代词之后,也可以放在句尾,.,You,yourself,said so.,The desk,itself,is not heavy.,We did it,ourselves,.,=We ourselves did it.,*做表语,Tom is not quite,himself,today.,Tom,今天感到不适,/,舒服,.,Grammar10,:,Past Participles,过去分词,就一种形式,:done,过去分词两个特点,:,*,在语态方面,:,表达被动,The window was broken.,*,在时间方面,:,表示动作已经完成,Boiled water can be drunk.,2.,过去分词在句子可以充当多种成分,:,*,做定语,This is a diary written by Tom.,*,做表语,The cup is broken.,Good bye,