专业学位硕士研究生英语教程词汇及课后答案.doc

Unit10
Globalization

Word Bank
alienation: a turning away; estrangement疏远, 疏离
altitude: the height of a thing above a reference level高度, 海拔
assemble: to bring or call together into a group or whole召集
bureaucrat: an official of a bureaucracy官僚
collaboration: the act of working with another or others on a joint project协作
commission: a group of people officially authorized to perform certain duties or functions调查团
commoditize: to make sth. bear the feature of being a commodity商品化
commodity: something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage日用具, 商品
concrete: of or relating to an actual, specific thing or instance具体, 实际
converge: to tend toward or approach an intersecting point汇聚
destructive: causing or wreaking destruction; ruinous破坏, 破坏性
dismantling: the act of taking apart or tearing down拆开, 分解
embassy: a building containing the offices of an ambassador and staff大使馆
embolden: to foster boldness or courage in使大胆, 使有胆量
exclusion: the act or practice of excluding 排除
flattening: being flat扁平
gang: a group of criminals or hoodlums帮派
grievance: a feeling of resentment or injustice at having been unfairly treated埋怨; 委屈
hateful: feeling or showing hatred憎恨
instrument: a means by which something is done; an implement手段; 工具
invisible: impossible to see; not visible看不见
minimize: to reduce to the smallest possible amount, extent, size, or degree最小化
outsource: to buy in (components for a product) rather than manufacture them外界供给
oyster: any of several edible bivalve mollusks牡蛎
potential: capable of being but not yet in existence潜在, 可能
refuge: a place providing protection or shelter呵护所
reservation: the act of reserving保留
restriction: the act of restricting限带, 限定
retiree: one who has retired from active working life退休者
spot: a place of relatively small and definite limits场所; 地点
stimulate: to excite (a nerve, organ, etc.) with a stimulus刺激; 激发
summon: to call together召集; 召唤
swarm: to move in or form a large number成群移动或出现
unlock: to undo or set free打开; 释放
utmost: of the highest or greatest degree, amount, or intensity; most extreme极度, 最大
versus: against与……相对
warp: to turn or twist (wood, for example) out of shape扭曲

Phrases and Expressions
bring about: to cause to happen造成
bring down: to cause to fall打倒, 击落
draw up: to prepare a draft of (a legal document) 草拟
look through: to examine查阅; 审校
reflect on: to think over思索; 反省

Reading Comprehension
Choose the best for each of the following.

1. It is concluded in the article that 11/9 and 9/11 are different in that __C___.
A. 11/9 brought down a wall and 9/11 opened the windows of the world
B. 11/9 brought down the World Trade Center and 9/11 put up new invisible walls
C. 11/9 represented the creative imagination and 9/11 represented the destructive imagination
D. 11/9 unlocked half the planet and 9/11 made the citizens potential partners and competitors

2. According to the article, what might be the cause(s) of 11/9? ( D )
A. Hundreds of East Germans sought refuge at the West German embassy in Hungary.
B. The East German government gave in to the pressure built up by the escape of more than thirteen thousand East Germans.
C. Eastern Europeans looked forward to walking out from behind the Iron Curtain and engage with a flattening world.
D. All of the above.

3. "We were the only superpower, and the world was our oyster" (Para. 4) Here "oyster" infers that __B__.
A. the world itself provides a shelter for Americans
B. people in America could enjoy supreme freedom so as to get everything they want from life
C. Americans feel to be playing a significant role in the whole world
D. America is a paradise of liberty and freedom

4. Why could imagination never be commoditized according to the article? ( B )
A. Because imagination is too important to be commoditized.
B. Because imagination is too individualized to be commoditized.
C. Because it is extremely tough for imagination to be commoditized under a near total monopoly of power.
D. Because it is of no value at all to commoditize imagination.

5. It can be inferred from what Irving Wladawsky Berger says that ___A__.
A. positive imagination could possibly ease the danger from individuals even without the instruments of a state
B. focus on productive outcomes could advance and unite civilization
C. peaceful imagination could minimize alienation and celebrate interdependence
D. stimulating positive imagination is of the utmost importance

II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.

The past decade and a half witnessed how the world went (1) flat, which is characterized by two dates: 11/9 and 9/11.
The creative (2) imagination of 11/9 led to the collapse of the Berlin Wall and helped citizens around the globe to join together in business and trade. In the mean time, the (3) destructive imagination of 9/11 brought down the World Trade Center, throwing the world into chaos and panic.
Eleven-nine arose from a simple event in which hundreds of East Germans sought (4) refuge at the West German (5) embassy in Hungary in July 1989. As a result, Hungary decided to lift the (6) restrictions on the passage to Austria, which made it possible for thousands of East Germans to (7) escape to Austria and thus to West Germany. The impending (8) pressure drove the East German government to (9) remove travel ban. Thus on 11/9/89, East Germans gathered to break down the Berlin Wall.
However, 9/11 changed the way in which the world got flattened peacefully and positively. Bin Laden and his gang might have plotted to hit both towers of the World Trade Center at the exact right (10) spot. Unfortunately, September 11, turned out to be day that the terrorists had their destructive imagination materialized.

Vocabulary
I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.
1. Some animals get confused when seeing their __B___ a mirror.
A. inflection B. reflection C. conviction D. nutrition
2. Memory can be profoundly ___A__ by subsequent experience.
A. shaped B. shipped C. shifted D. sharpened
3. We received many clever and ___C__ entries in our children's painting contest.
A. initiative B. inductive C. imaginative D. informative
4. This dress was sewn by my mother carefully and the stitches are almost ___D__.
A. incredible B. impossible C. insatiable D. invisible
5. Many businesses with growth __B___ fail to raise enough funds because they lack investment readiness.
A. essential B. potential C. utensil D. spatial
6. Countless small streams ___A__ to form a large river.
A. converge B. diverge C. submerge D. infringe
7. These pills should help to ___C__ the pain.
A. increase B. lease C. ease D. abuse
8. A big ___B__ of bees started following Claire who ran away terrified.
A. swim B. swarm C. warm D. swam
9. During the pregnancy, it's normal to gain weight, but I __B___ ballooned up.
A. initiatively B. literally C. laterally D. lastly
10. His __C___ is to dedicate himself to the service of his country.
A. hatred B. education C. motto D. religion

II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.
represent realize innocent commodity available
threaten stimulate minimal suspect reserve
restrict center alien grieve lock

1. Public health officials now say the disease is under control and is, not a public health threat.
2. Don't worry. Your loyalty is above any suspicion.
3. For the past 10 years, many technologies that we have been using reached wide scale adoption and thus essentially have become commoditized.
4. Life saving care used to be unavailable to women giving birth, particularly in rural areas.
5. If you prove your innocence you can be free.
6. I think we can minimize the problem, so it isn't worth fussing about.
7. These inscriptions are keys with which we unlock the secrets of ancient Egypt.
8. I'd like to change my reservation in your hotel.
9. Power without restriction is vulnerable to corruption.
10. Your kindness was a consolation to me in my grief.

Translation
Put the following paragraph into English.

9/11造成污染让约40万人健康受到严重伤害。据市卫生署相关官员介绍, 统计数据显示, 有3．5万至7万人患上了PTSD心理后遗症, 另有0．38万到l．26万人可能得了哮喘。这其中包含参与事后救援和重建人员、 曼哈顿下城区居民、 区域工人、 上班族和过路人。总体来看, 有二分之一受访者称当初她们被笼罩在大楼坍毁产生巨大烟尘中, 70％人亲眼目睹了飞机撞上大厦和尸体横飞恐怖场景; 还有13％人受了伤。

参考译文
Of the estimated 400,000 people believed to have been heavily exposed to pollution from 9/11 disaster, data suggests that 35,000 to 70,000 people developed PTSD and 3,800 to 12,600 may have developed asthma, city health officials said. They include rescue and recovery workers, lower Manhattan residents, area workers, commuters and passers-by. Overall, half of the respondents said they had been in the dust cloud from the collapsing towers; 70 percent witnessed a traumatic sight, such as a plane hitting the tower or falling bodies; and 13 percent sustained an injury that day.

Exercise
Translate the following sentences by using non-restrictive attributive clause．

1．去年1月份, 北京将小排量汽车购置税减半, 这也是政府新政策。(halve the purchase tax)
2．正如所预料, 今年中国连续高涨钢铁需求影响了钢铁行业格局。(dominate the landscape)
3．温室气体排放量占全球排放总量约40％中美两国是气候峰会上两股最关键力量。(account for)
4．谷歌事件给部分对中国政治体制心存偏见西方人一个指责中国政府机会。(be biased against)
5．假如她仅做买卖而对市场潜力不做调查, 她就是一个不善经营商人。(market potentiality)
6．摄取均衡营养最好路径是均衡饮食, 其中包含大量新鲜水果、 蔬菜和膳食纤维。(get the righ t balance of)
7．收入低于最低工资标准执法官员们有时候多个月都拿不到薪水。(on end)
8．火箭在太空中运行最好, 因为在那儿不存在阻碍她们运动大气。(perform best)
9．约有50％至80％食物传输疾病都发生在厨房, 细菌从生肉和蔬菜传输到手上。 (food·borne illnesses)
10．十年前中国电影在各大国际电影节大放异彩时中国电影产业却是混沌一片。(in disarray)

参考译文:
1. Beijing last January halved the purchase tax on vehicles with smaller engines, which was also a new policy carried out by government.
2. As is expected, China’s surging demand for steel this year has dominated the landscape of the steel industry.
3. The US and China, which together account for some 40% of global greenhouse gas emissions, are the nations that matter most in the climate debate.
4. The 谷歌 case provides some westerners, who are biased against China’s political system, with an opportunity to point their fingers at the Chinese government.
5. He would be a bad businessman, who merely did buying and selling without investigating market potentiality.
6. The best way to get the right balance of nutrients is a balanced diet, which includes plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables and dietary fiber.
7. Law enforcement officials, whose salaries were far below a living wage, sometimes received no pay months on end.
8. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion.
9. About 50% to 80% of food-borne illnesses happen in the kitchen, where bacteria can be spread from raw meat and vegetables to hands.
10. Chinese films scored big at international art festivals a decade ago, when the industry was in disarray at home.

Exercise
Turn the following sentences into Chinese.

1. It is not your fault that this has happened.
2. A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.
3. Conscientious and eager, she took down what was said, careful not to miss a word.
4. The smaller the thing the less the pull of gravity on it and the less the weight.
5. For this reason, our company explained solemnly to your company many times in February last year.

参考译文:
1. 发生了这么事情不是你错。
2. 她, 一个瘦弱多病女孩子, 以她强毅力写出了一部部催人奋进小说。
3. 她认真热情, 一字不漏地记下了所说话。
4. 东西越小, 地心引力对它吸力就越小, 重量也就越轻。
5. 我企业为此于去年二月郑重地数次向贵企业解释。

Bonus
Below are some expressions about tourism.
World Tourism Day世界旅游日
tourist destination country旅游目国
receiving country旅游接待国
national guide全陪, 全程导游
local guide地陪, 地方导游
standard rate标准价
scenic spots and historical sites名胜古迹
nature reserve自然保护区
outbound tourist出境游客
package tour套餐游; 包办游