翻译-重复法PPT课件.ppt

重复法 repetition 1-重复法指的是：在重复法指的是：在译文中适当的重复原文中适当的重复原文中前文文中前文刚刚出出现过的的词语，以使意思，以使意思表达的更加清楚，或者表达的更加清楚，或者进一步加一步加强语气、气、突出突出强调某些内容、收到更好的修辞效某些内容、收到更好的修辞效果果。2-英英汉翻翻译中采用重复法的若干中采用重复法的若干主要情况主要情况汉译“多枝共干”结构中的重复重复代词所替代的名词重复强调型关系代词或强调型关系副词1233-1.1.汉译汉译“多枝共干多枝共干”结结构中的重复构中的重复英英语中常常中常常见到一个到一个词（语）与两个或几）与两个或几个个词（语）搭配）搭配组合，合，经常称常称为“多枝共多枝共干干”结构。构。译成成汉语时，往往将相当于，往往将相当于”干干“的部分加以重复，以使的部分加以重复，以使译文明确达意、文明确达意、自然通自然通顺。4-重复共同的重复共同的动词(1).Plant growth needs sunshine,air and water as well.植物生长需要阳光，需要空气，也同样需要水分。Plant growth needs sunshine,(needs)air and(needs)water as well.5-(2).We dont retreat,we never have and never will.我们不后退，我们不曾后退，我们也永远不会后退。We dont retreat,we never have(retreat)and never will(retreat).6-练习：(1).They were starting from scratch,and needed men,guns and training.当时他们从零开始，需要人员、需要枪支、需要训练。(2).We shall overcome all the difficulties so long as we study hard and in a good way.只要我们学习努力，而且学习得法，我们就能克服学 习中的困难。7-重复共同的重复共同的宾语(1).People use natural science to understand and change natural.人们利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。People use natural science to understand(natural)and change natural.8-(2).Teachers should try their best to develop the students ability to analyze and solve problems.教师应当尽力培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。Teachers should try their best to develop the students ability to analyze(problems)and solve problems.9-练习：(1).Work with,and not against,nature.要顺应自然工作，不要违反自然工作。(2).The purpose of radar is to obtain,process and display information.雷达的用途在于获取信息、处理信息、显示信息。10-重复共同修饰的名词She has already published a number of political and technical treatises.她已发表了数篇政治论文和科技论文。She has already published a number of political and(a number of)technical treatises.11-练习：(1).Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源。(2).The foreign guest said:China is the cradle of an ancient and modern culture that has inspired the world with ideals.这位外宾说：“中国是古代文化和现代文化的摇篮，这种文化以理想鼓舞着全世界。”12-重复共同的定重复共同的定语It requires such materials as can bear high It requires such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure.temperature and pressure.这需要能耐高温高需要能耐高温高压的材料。的材料。It requires such materials as can bear high It requires such materials as can bear high temperature and temperature and(such materials as can bear)(such materials as can bear)pressure.pressure.13-练习：I identify myself as one of critical I identify myself as one of critical lovers and loving critics of the United lovers and loving critics of the United Nations.Nations.我自认为是一个批评联合国的爱护者和爱护联合国的批评者。14-但是，有时由于汉语的搭配习惯，翻译“多枝共干”结构中的重复并不一定都采用完全相同的词（语）。A scientist constantly tries to defeat his hypotheses,his theories,and his conclusions.科学家总在试图推翻自己的假设、否定自己的理论、放弃自己的结论。15-2.2.重复代重复代词所替代的名所替代的名词英英语语代代词词的使用数量大大超的使用数量大大超过汉语过汉语。汉语汉语中中除非必要，一般不宜多用代除非必要，一般不宜多用代词词。因此，英。因此，英汉汉翻翻译时译时，除了适当的将原文中的一些代，除了适当的将原文中的一些代词词省省略外，略外，还经还经常将某些代常将某些代词词所替代的名所替代的名词词重复重复译译出，以使出，以使译译文意思清楚明了。文意思清楚明了。16-重复人称代重复人称代词替代的名替代的名词If an atom contains three protons,it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.如果一个原子含有三个如果一个原子含有三个质子，子，这个原子个原子 必然有三个必然有三个电子，使之不子，使之不带电荷。荷。英英语为了避免重复而多用代称；了避免重复而多用代称；汉语则习惯于于实称，少称，少用代称。因此，用代称。因此，汉译时原文中的人称代原文中的人称代词该省省译的的须省省译、该还原的原的须还原，即重复原，即重复译出所替代的名出所替代的名词。it代指“atom17-练习：Liquids are like solidsin that they Liquids are like solidsin that they have a definite volume.have a definite volume.液体像固体，因液体像固体，因为液体也有一定的体液体也有一定的体积。When you close the switch,it When you close the switch,it completes the pletes the circuit.合合闸时，电闸就把就把电路接通了。路接通了。18-重复物主代重复物主代词替代的名替代的名词物主代物主代词既不宜省既不宜省译也不宜照也不宜照译，却宜重复，却宜重复替代的名替代的名词，以使，以使译文具体明确，表达更加文具体明确，表达更加符合符合汉语习惯。Happy families also had their own troubles.Happy families also had their own troubles.幸福的家庭也有幸福家幸福的家庭也有幸福家 庭的苦庭的苦 恼。theirHappy families19-练习：Each man has his own way of making friends.Each man has his own way of making friends.各人有各人交友的方法。各人有各人交友的方法。The old vagrant believes that poverty has its The old vagrant believes that poverty has its advantage.advantage.那个老流浪那个老流浪汉认为穷也有也有穷的好的好处。20-重复关系代重复关系代词替代的名替代的名词An An elementelement is a is a substancesubstance that cannot be broken that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.chemical means.元素是一种物元素是一种物质，这种物种物质不能用一般化学方法再分不能用一般化学方法再分裂成更裂成更简单的物的物质。用于引用于引导英英语定定语从句的关系代从句的关系代词，既在定，既在定语从句中从句中充当某一成分，又代表定充当某一成分，又代表定语从句所修从句所修饰的先行的先行词。翻。翻译英英语关系代关系代词有有时需要将作先行需要将作先行词的名的名词重复重复译出。出。修修饰饰21-重复其他代重复其他代词替代的名替代的名词 英英语中中经常使用的其他代常使用的其他代词，如指示代，如指示代词thatthat或或thosethose，不定代不定代词one(s)one(s)等，等，译成成汉语时为使意使意义明确具体、明确具体、译文自文自然地道，也然地道，也经常将其代替的名常将其代替的名词重复重复译出。出。The The silks silks of China are better than of China are better than thosethose of any of any other countries.other countries.中国的中国的绸缎比任何其他国家的比任何其他国家的绸缎都物美价廉。都物美价廉。代指代指22-练习：Translation from English into Chinese is not so Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.easy as that from English into French.英英译汉不如英不如英译法容易。法容易。It is known that in vacuum light bodies will It is known that in vacuum light bodies will fall as fast as heavy ones.fall as fast as heavy ones.大家知道，在真空中大家知道，在真空中轻的物体同重的物体降落的一的物体同重的物体降落的一样快。快。23-3.3.重复重复强调型关系代型关系代词或或强调型关系副型关系副词24-英语中的强调关系代词或强调型关系副词指的是由who(m),which,what等代词及where,when等副词和ever构成的合成词。whoever,whichever,whatever,wherever,whenever.这些关系代词或副词既起着引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当某种成分。汉译时，经常重复这类关系词，以清楚表达强调意味。25-eg:You may take whichever will interest you best.哪一个你最感兴趣，你就可以拿哪一个。Wherever severe oppression existed,there would be revolution.哪里有压迫，哪里就有反抗。26-Well come to see you again whenever we have time.我们什么时候有时间，就什么时候再来看你。Whenever you are free,please come and have a talk.你什么时候有空，就什么时候来说说话。27-练习：Better be wise by the misfortunes of others than by your own.Rain or shine,ill go there.She became a famous actress-all by herself.28-Thank you！29-