二模任务型读写.doc

任务型阅读专项讲解

2009年安徽省高考英语考试增加了一个新的题型——任务型读写。任务型读写的题型设计突出语篇，强调应用。任务型读写的题型结构为一篇300左右的短文和表格，要求考生对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，而后准确、有序地完成表格的空缺，在每个空格里填写恰当的单词。这体现出了新课改增加客观表达题的努力。据考试说明中的范例，表格一般是文章的整体行文结构，包括标题、段落大意、文章细节，结论等部分。此类新题型旨在考查考生综合运用语言的能力，要求考生在阅读所给短文的基础上，对短文的有效信息进行提炼、整合，最终根据表格设计要求进行作答。

高考点击
年份
2012
2011
2010
2009
体裁
说明文
议论文
说明文
说明文
题材
文化冲突
教育
倾听
求职网站推荐
题型
信息筛选题
4
4
3
4
整合转换题
3
4
4
4
综合概括题
3
2
3
2
词性
名词
6
6
6
6
形容词
1
1
1
3
动词
1
2
3
1
副词
1
1
0
0
语法
构词法
1
3
2
3
非谓语动词
1
1
2
2
比较等级

0
1
0

考点分类
考点1：信息筛选题
信息筛选提是基础题目，一般可以直接通过将表格和短文进行对照，边读文章边找出于试题相同的句子信息，获取到相关单词，有时试题和原文句型句式不同，需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到相应单词，不需变化，直接填入。例如：
2012年安徽省高考英语第79题：原文为 In Muslim countries,设题为 Muslim countries.
2012年安徽省高考英语第81题：原文为 In Mexico,lunch is a time to relax...，设题为 Relaxing while having lunch
2011年安徽省高考英语第78题：原文为 Here is what our schools should teach.，而设题为Important things should be taught in (78) schools(s).
2011年安徽省高考英语第85题：原文为This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it..，而设题为Children should be taught what (85) life is and how to deal with it.
2010年安徽省高考英语第77题：原文为When difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things: they’ve been heard they’ve been understood.，而设题为Difficult people hope they have been heard and (77) understood when they express themselves.
2009年安徽省高考英语第83题：原文为She discovers that medical assistants not only have to do some office work, but have medical responsibilities as well.，而设题为If she’s a medical assistant, she’ll also take medical (83) responsibilities.

考点2：整合转换题
整合转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有几本的构词法只是，对句子成分和词性的对应关系要明确。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息，还要根据词法和句法只是以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。可细分为如下两种情况：
（1）词形整合转换。被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同，因而需在名词、动词、形容词、副词等之间进行转换。
例如
：2012年安徽省高考英语第78题：原文为 In Japan,you should bow 而设题为bowing to show respect.
2012年安徽省高考英语第79题：原文为In Korea,you should take off your shoes when entering a house.设题为：Taking off your shoes at the enterance/door.
2011年安徽省高考英语第81题：原文为…but we don’t make an effort to teach children how to manage it.，而设题为The basic skill of (81) managing money.
2011年安徽省高考英语第82题：原文为...they should at least teach critical (批判性的) thinking.，而设题为How to (82) think in a critical way.
2010年安徽省高考英语第79题：原文为You do this by nodding your head in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding.，而设题为（79）Nod in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.（动词非谓语形式转换为谓语形式）
2009年安徽省高考英语第78题：原文为Regularly undated, the Handbook is available as a book and on-line. 而设题为The information is updated in a（78）regular manner.（副词转换为形容词）
（2）句型整合转换。试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需根据原文中相应句子的意义和上下文逻辑联系进行句型转换。例如：
2012年安徽省高考英语第题：原文为:Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier.而设题为 When traveling abroad, we should follow local customs.
2010年安徽省高考英语第84题：原文为Understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.，而设题为A difficult person will be (84) easier to cooperate with if understanding is achieved.
整合转换题在词形转换和句型转换方面还应注意一些技巧和原则，尽量做到万无一失。请记住：
表格内词性、大小写和语法运用上要保持一致。同一单元格要注意在用词方面保持一致的格式。例如：
2010年安徽省高考英语第79题
(78)
on listening
(79) in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.

Repeat some (80) that you have heard.

Collect information about the person’s expressions and find his (81) .

Give a (82) of what the person has said.

Confirm that the person gains (83) from speaking his thoughts.

观察此表，发现右栏单元格内均为祈使句，故79题也应填上动词原形为宜。由于其他句首均为大写，故79题也应首字母大写。

（1） 善用同义词和反义词进行转换。例如：
Most workers were for/were in favor of/stood for the decision. = Most workers supported the decision. (同义词)
When you have found information about some different careers, you will be ready to talk to career advisers. = Find some information on-line before consulting/asking career advisers. （同义词）
They found the problem was not easy, so they decided to turn to the professor. =Finding they couldn’t solve the difficult problem, they consulted the professor. (反义词)
（2） 正确使用构词法。例如：
…confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been fully voiced. = Confirm that the person gains satisfaction from speaking his thoughts.
It’s worth taking the time and finding as much information as you can. = The time you spend and the efforts you make will be worthwhile.
（3） 熟练运用语法句型转换。例如：
Having finished all his homework, the boy went out into the street to play with his good fellows. = The boy appeared in the street playing with his friends after he finished his assignments.
句型转化比较难以掌握，平时要多观察、多总结、多记忆，并经常用翻译法训练，即将一个汉语句子译成多个英语句子。
考点3：综合概括题
综合概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出所考察的单词。此类设题一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。例如：
2011年安徽高考英语第79题
Title
Very Useful (76)
Introduction
Education should be a (77) for life.
Advice
Important things should be taught in (78)
Teaching
(79)
How to behave (80)
The basic skill of (81) money
How to (82) in a critical way
How to keep (83)
The rights and responsibilities one has in (84)
Conclusion
Children should be taught what (85) is and how to deal with it.

根据表格中左列上下单元格（Title, Introduction, Advice, Conclusion）进行对照可知此处应填写概括性词汇，再通过该单元格右栏5点信息进行综合概括，可知是谈“教育的内容或话题”，故使用Contents/ contents/ Subjects/ subjects/ Topics/ topics。

综合概括题是比较难题型，需要考生有概括能力。考生在平时应更多地分析英语阅读短文，多进行概括能力训练，学有余力的考生也可以找一些阅读短文进行任务型读写的编写训练。为了更快捷地掌握概括能力，总结和熟记一些概括性词汇及其固定搭配是很有必要的。下面列举一些基本的概括性词汇：

总结、概括：conclusion, summary
建议：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation
影响：effect, influence, impact
印象：impression
因果：reason, cause; result, consequence
成败：success，achievement, victory, triumph; failure, defeat
利弊：advantage & disadvantage
异同：difference, distinction; the same, similarity, equality
优点：advantage, strong point, strength, virtue, convenience
缺点：disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback
利益、好处：good, benefit, interest, profit, gain
错误：mistake, error, fault
质量、品质：quality, virtue
数量：quantity, amount, number
目的：purpose, aim, goal, objective
方法：way, means, method, approach, solution, manner
措施：measure, action
行为、活动：action, behavior, conduct, activity
步骤：step, stage, process, procedure
频率、频度：frequency, rate
程度：degree, level, extent
观点、意见：opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint
想法：idea, thought, thinking
(无)意识：(un)awareness, (un)consciousness
原理、原则、规律：theory, principle, law
意义：importance, significance, meaning, sense
价值：value
态度：attitude, manner
感情：feeling, emotion
同意、正面：agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support
反对、反面：disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary, opposition, objection
需要、需求：demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim
问题：question, problem, issue
答案：answer, key, solution, result
反应：response, reaction
变化：change
比较：comparison, contrast
评价：comment, evaluation, remark, assessment
特点：feature, character, characteristic
种类：kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class, description
等级：grade, rank, degree, class
风俗、习惯：custom, manner, practice, habit
主题、话题：theme, subject, topic
标题：title, headline, heading
作用、功能：use, usage, function
关系、联系：relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact
来源、历史：origin, history, source
事实、现实：fact, reality, actuality
规则、规定：rule, regulation
情况、状况：things, status, situation, condition, case, circumstance, state
说明：explanation, statement, description, instruction, direction
介绍：introduction, presentation
定义：description
描述性词汇：length, height, width, depth, distance, weight, size, color, look, appearance, shape, rate, speed, age, sex, price.

备考策略
1. 掌握正确的解题步骤。解题一般分为五步：
（1） 审题：正确审题，读懂题意
考生要看清楚不同的答题要求和表格的格式，这都是“审题”的范畴。
（2） 略读：快速浏览，了解大意
（3） 考生要快速略读文章，理解表格设计，特别要注意表格有无大标题、列标题和行标题。了解这些有助于我们理解文章、也有助于我们缩小信息查找的范围，确定考查内容。
（4） 细读：整合信息，准确表达
在弄清题意和理解文章的基础上，考生要细读所给的文章，结合题意和要求对信息进行再加工，根据实际情况完成所要求的任务。填写答案时注意答案的对称性，即要注意答案与图表的已有部分保持一致。比如：同一行（列）标题所包括的内容是v.-ing形式还是动词原形，是名词还是形容词，字母是否需要大写等。同时要注意时态、语态、句式等，避免出现错误。
（5） 查读：通观全篇，复读检查
仔细阅读文章，认真核实，检查意思是否准确、表达方式是否得当、单词拼写是否正确。考生必须确保答案无误，才能获得该试题的高分。

2. 掌握一定的答题技巧
技巧1：快速解题的技巧之一是快速准确的信息定位。题干和原文存在着精准的对应，考生要利用表格中的信息提示，准确地在文中找到答案的信息来源。
技巧2：准确确定答案的词性（形）至关重要。这就要求考生具有非常扎实的语法和词汇知识。我们要根据上下文先确定词意，再确定词性，最后用所选词的适当的词形变化。常考的多数是实词。我们要分别注意一下几个方面：
动词：要注意形式，包括时态，语态，主谓一致，第三人称等方面。
名词：要注意单复数和格
形容词、副词：要注意各自不同的修饰功能以及比较等级的形式。
技巧3：培养语感，不断夯实概括句子、段落、意群的能力。了解并熟悉不同文体的特征，不断的培养语篇分析能力，我们就可以迅速归纳出文章大意和作者的写作意图，有助于解答任务型读写中的提炼概括类题目。

(皖南八校九月份联考)
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分35分)
第一节 任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。
Humans are social beings. We enjoy being understood and accepted. Unfortunately, Western culture values individual achievement more than personal relationships. We're better at finding career success than at connecting with other people. As a result, our relationships often suffer. Here are tips for better relationships with everyone.
Everyone wants to share the newest story, the great idea they have and their thoughts and advice. When talking to someone, hear him/her out without judgment or interruption. Focus on what's being said and do your best to understand.
All relationships require trust. Having no trust means worrying about what others are doing, thinking and saying when you're not around. It means monitoring and controlling someone instead of enjoying them.
You probably feel let down at the time when you fail to tell others what you want and then blame them for not reading your mind. So when you want something -- or want to share something -- be honest about it. Expressing your desires might feel uncomfortable, but it gives the other person a fighting chance to give you what you really want.
We're always looking to gain something from other people: positive emotions, knowledge, gifts. This is fine: humans are selfish by nature. The problem is, you can't just take and take in relationships. If you don't give back something of equal or greater value, there's no reason for other people to stay around you. In today's world, it's always about "me, me, me." This is why our relationships with friends, family are weak. You can't connect with other people if you're thinking about yourself all the time.
The best way to build better relationships with everyone is through positive actions.
Title
Building better relationships
The (76) ____ of
suffering
relationships
Western culture value individual achievement (77) ____ than personal relationships.
(78 ) ____ of
building better
relationships
Learn to listen and (79) ____.
When talking to someone, hear him/her out.
Trust other people.
When you are not round, never (80) ____ about what others are doing, thinking and saying.
Be honest about (81) ____ you want.
When you want something, (82) ____ your desire frankly.
Be a giver.
If you want the people to stay around you, give back something equal or more (83) ____.
(84) ____
The best way to built better relationships with everyone is to act (85) ____.
76. cause 77. more 78. Way(s)/Method(s) 79. understand 80. worry
81. what 82. express 83. valuable 84. Conclusion 85. positively

(芜湖一中2013届高三第二次模拟考试)
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一部分 任务型读写（共10小；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面的短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词
The business world has become very competitive these days and every company is trying its best to increase its market share. However, only those people who can effectively reach out to their customers can win in this race. Advertising is one of the best tools to reach millions of people and explain to them the quality and feature of your product. Though internet advertising, television advertising and radio advertising have appeared as the most popular forms of advertising in this modern age, you cannot ignore the importance of newspaper advertising.
Choosing the most popular newspaper is one of the most important newspaper advertising tips for all businessmen. While placing an ad, you must realize how popular the newspaper is. The more the readers are, the more the customers you will get. Though popular newspapers would be more expensive, it is advisable to go with them to expect a good response from people.
The wording of the advertisement is very important because that will attract people to the products of your company. The wording should be simple, easy to understand and grammatically correct.
The overall appearance of the advertisement should also be good and attractive. Your ad can be a little bigger in size. A colored ad with the content written in a stylish manner can get more attention.
Positioning your advertisement at the right place is very important. Generally, it is believed that the ads on the first few pages and those at the top of the newspaper would get more attention. There are many columns in newspapers under which the ads are printed, so your ad should be placed in the right section.
The above newspaper advertising tips will help you grow your business greatly. So use them for your own benefit and achieve your goals successfully.
Title Newspaper advertising
Reason
for advertising
With more and more (76) in the business world, many companies are making use of advertising to reach out to many customers and increase their market share.
Different advertising
（77）
Internet advertising , television advertising, radio advertising and newspaper
advertising are all very(78)

Newspaper advertising tips

Popularity
Be (79)______of how popular the newspaper is. Though popular newspapers Would be higher in(80) ,going with them will ensure a good response from people.
Wording
The wording of the advertisement will make your products
(81) to people. The wording should be simple, easy to understand and correct in(82) .
(83)
You can have a slightly bigger and (84) ad with the content written in a stylish manner.
Positioning
The ads on the first few pages and those at the (85) of the newspaper would get more customer attention and you should place your ad in the right section.
。
76 competition 77 forms 78 popular 79 aware 80 price 81 attractive 82 grammar 83 Appearance 84 colored 85 top
芜湖一中2013届高三第二次模拟考试