虚拟语气的规则总结(word版)郭.doc

河高高三英语语法专题讲练——虚拟语气
编制人：郭春林 审核人：赵清林 班级： 姓名：
虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
一、if从句：
（一）
表示与事实情况相反
条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况
过去式(did)(be常用 were)
would / could / might / should + do
表示过去情况
过去完成式(had +done)
would / could / might / should +have done
表示将来情况
①过去式 (did)/(were)
②should + do
③were to do
would / could / might / should + do
(1)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us.。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.
(2)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.
(3)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.
（二）错综时间的虚拟句：通常情况下,在条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间一致, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。
1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。
2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。
3. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
（从句指过去，主句指现在）。
4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。
5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）  
（三）省略：If 从句中含有were, should, had时，可省略if并把were, should, had提前。
例如：Were I you, I wouldn’t quarrel with him.
备注：注：would, should, could与might的选择：
① 一般常用would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用will一样。常译作“将、就会”。如：
If I knew him, I would ask him for help. 如果我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。
② should在虚拟条件句中用得最少，现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用shall，所以在虚拟语气中，理论上讲，第一人称后也可用should。但在现代英语中，特别是美语中，人们常说：I’ll go home.或I will go home. 但很少人说I shall go home. 因此，在虚拟条件句中，should也很少用。
③ could用于虚拟条件句中时，有“能够，可能”之意。如：
If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.
如果你回来得再稍早一点，你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。
④ might用于虚拟条件句时，常译作“或许”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：
If I had been there, I might have quarreled with him. 如果我当时在场的话，我或许会和他吵起来。
二、（should）do （should可以省略）形式的虚拟：宾语、表语、同位语都要求虚拟
（一）一坚持（insist） 一推荐（recommend）
三命令 (order, command, direct) 三建议 (suggest, advice, propose)
五要求（demand, require, request, urge, ask）
口诀：①I drop cars. ②Crid soap
即“I：insist坚决，D：demand/desire要求/请求，R：request请求require要求/需要，O：order命令，P：propose建议，C：command命令，A：ask命令，advise建议，P：prefer宁愿，S：suggest建议”
注意： insist:①坚决宣称, 坚持认为，坚持说，固执己见（不虚拟）②坚决要求，坚持（虚拟）
suggest：①暗示（不虚拟）②建议, 提议（虚拟）
1. The man insisted that he didn’t steal the wallet and should be set free now.
2. Her pale face suggested that she was badly ill, so I suggested that she should go to see a doctor at once.
3. My suggestion is that he should go there at once.
4. This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.（定语从句不用虚拟）
（二） It is adj. for sb. that 主语+(should) do.
It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder that主语+(should) do.
例如：1. It is necessary that he should be sent to the hospital at once.
2. It is a pity that he should miss such a golden chance.
三、It is (high) time that 虚拟） 过去式
should do(should不能省略)
It is time that we got up.
We should get up.
四、would / could / might / should +have done
（一）without, but for…, 主语+ would / could / might / should +have done。（如果不…；要不是…）
例：But for your help yesterday, I couldn’t have done it well.
Without your help, we wouldn’t have finished the work so soon.
（二） but: 主语+ would / could / might / should +have done, but+句子.（真实的）
otherwise:句子（真实的），otherwise主语+ would / could / might / should +have done.
例：I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill.
I was ill; otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
五、wish, as if/ though, if only的从句： 过去式(did)(be常用 were) (表示与现在事实情况相反)
过去完成式(had done) (表示与过去事实情况相反)
would / could / might + do(表示与将来事实情况相反)
例如：If only he had visited us yesterday.
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
六、would rather do than do
+句子（虚拟） 过去式(did)(be常用 were) 表示与现在或将来情况相反
过去完成式(had +done) 表示与过去情况相反
例如： I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿。
七、Long live +主语！ 例：Long live the people!
May you do sth.! 例：May you succeed!
八、had+ expected/wanted/intended/planned/hoped/wished/thought/dreamed等表个人意志、打算、想法的动词的过去分词，表示“本来要做某事（暗含但是后来没有做成的）”。其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。
例：I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.

虚拟语气练习题精选
1. Had it not been for the heavy fog, you ___________________________（就看到了美丽的塔）in the distance easily last Tuesday. (see)
2. What a pity! We’d rather _________________ (我们听取了)our teacher’s advice yesterday. (take)
3. With a little more care you ___________________________(能避免) this traffic accident. (avoid)
4. When the police took the suspect to the police station，he insisted that he__________________(没偷) the lady’s purse and that he____________(释放). (steal, set)
5. How I wish I ___________________________ (被录取了) the key university. (admit).
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _________________ (断了). (break)
7.Many coal mine accidents___________________________(本来可以避免的）if we had followed the strict safety rules.(avoid)
8.Look what mistakes I’ve made, If only I___________________________(听你的劝告).(follow)
9. ___________________________(万一你被解雇), your health care and other benefits will not
be immediately cut off.(fire)
10.The suggestion that the mayor________________(发奖)has been accepted by everyone.(present)
11. It is high time that we____________________(采取措施) protect the environment. (measure)
12. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we __________________（就会参观）more places of interest yesterday.
（2012福建卷）
13.If_____________(我没有喝)alcohol last night. I could have driven my car home. (drink)(2011湖北卷)
14. Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we ___________________________the train.(miss) (2012湖北卷)
要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。
15. Most believe he ______________________ for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football.(play) （2013湖北卷）
多数人认为，要不是受了重伤而告别足球，上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。
16.You the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me aferwards.(interrupt)你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我。（2014湖北卷）
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
2. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone
3. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
4. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /
5. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent
6. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
8. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
9. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved
10. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
11. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
12. If only I _____ my watch!
A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lost D. don’t lose
13. We _____ the work on time without your help.
A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finished C. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished
14. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide
15. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed
16.(2014湖南卷)If Mr.Dewey present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. was
17. (2014重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I it?
A. had done B.have done C. did D.am doing
18. (2014福建卷) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A.Were there B.Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been
19. (2014安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they away in the past.
A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. Would have thrown
20. (2014陕西卷)We would rather our daughter at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay
21. (2014天津卷) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught
22. (2014北京卷)We back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A. are B. were C. will be D. Would be
23. (2014浙江卷)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,
, or they to our help.
A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come