记忆英语单词方法20种.doc

记忆英语单词方法20种
人们通常认为掌握一门外语要过三关（语音关、词汇关、语法关），斩六将（听、说、读、写、译），相对来说，掌握英语单词是最难过的一关。英语的词汇量大，总词汇量至少在60万以上，实用词汇量为8千至1万，基本词汇量为4千。 一般的说，掌握英语单词没有什么捷径可走，但我们可以选择一些不同方法来记忆英语单词，下面介绍20种记忆英语单词的方法。
1.逻辑记忆：通过词的本身的内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。1)把几个字母看作做一个来记 如："ight" light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight 2)外旧内新，如：bridge “桥”看成 b+ridge ridge "山脊”sharp 看成 s+harp harp "竖琴。3)外新内旧，如：cleave “劈开”看成 c+leave, tact "机智：看成 t+act
2 联想记忆：1)音与形的联想，即根据读音规则记忆单词。2)形与义的联想，如：eye 把两个e看成两个眼。banana 把a看成一个个的香蕉。bird 把b和d看成两个翅膀。3)象声词，联想实际的声音，如：gong 锣 coo 咕咕声。
3.分类记忆：把单词进行分门类 如：动物，植物等，进行分类记忆。你可以找一本分类字典作为参考。
4.卡片记忆：自制作单词卡片随时随身进行记单词，卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。
5.感官记忆：记单词时，不要只用一种感官，尽可能地用多个感官，耳听、嘴读、手写、眼看、心记等。
6.软件记忆：有电脑的可利用电脑软件进行记单词，如：《开心背单词》、《开天辟地背单词》、《我爱背单词》等。
7.构词记忆：利用构词法，通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。
8.图表记忆：利用形象的图表进行记忆，它的优点是意、形、物直观的结合到一起。你可以找一本英语图解字典作为参考。
9.游戏记忆：通过自己和集体做游戏’在轻松愉快的气氛中进行记忆单词，你可以参照笔者主页上的“英语游戏”。
10.歌曲记忆：通过唱英语歌曲记忆单词，“听霸”“听力超人”等软件中有许多英文歌曲，并配有歌词和译文。
11.阅读记忆：通过阅读英语文章，小说等记忆单词，注意选择难度要适宜。
12.同义记忆：通过同义词一起进行单词记忆，可确切理解词义，这时不必注意它们的意义的区别。
13.反义记忆：通过反义词一起进行单词记忆，扩大了词义。
14.词典记忆：即背字典，这种方法是一种强行记忆的方法。它的缺点是容易忘记，只是孤立记住单词的意义。可以作为一种短时间的强化手段。
15.复习记忆：单词记住了，很快会忘掉，每隔一段时间要进行复习，巩固所学单词
16.商标记忆：通过看到的商标和广告随时随地进行记忆单词。
17.比较记忆：1)英汉比较 如：mama, cigar, beer, bar,fee等。2)单复数的比较 如：good-goods, spirit-spirits wood-woods 3)同音词的比较 如：right-write, eye-I 4)词的阴阳性的比较 如：actor-actress host-hostess
18.理解记忆：通过正确理解单词的本义、引申义和比喻义等如：second 是“秒”，它来源于古代的六分法，分，秒，它是二次划分， 因此second 也是“第二”，进一步引申，还可理解为“辅助”用这种方法特别适合那些一词多义的词。
19.联系记忆：记忆单词最好不要孤立地记，尽可能地和有关的东西联系来记。1)联系所学的文章大概意义，联系上下文，2)联系短语和搭配
20.综合记忆：记忆单词最好综合利用多种方法，而不只是一种，利用各自的优点。

常见的英语动词短语搭配
在日常英语中，象以 make, have, do, take等构成的短语搭配使用的频率很高，下面是总结的这些短语动词的搭配。
1) Make
make steal, laws, friends, research, much progress, great effort, some tea, some noise, contribution, war, peace, model ships, money, love, no condition, confidences, remarks, faces, clothes, profit, some trouble, sense, difference, haste, room, one's way, dinner, fun, preparations, sail,
make an excuse, offer, experiment, observation, impression, answer, advance, attack, attempt, exam, investigation, explanation, arrangement, appointment, application, an error, exchange, invitation, accusation, enquiry, improvement, outline, oath, approach, entry, exception,
make a statement, sketch, complaint, charge, journey, request, beginning, compromise, bargain, comment, copy, criticism, correction, difference, discovery, fortune, haste, survey, jump, sacrifice, demand, study, guess, visit, call, slip, shave, bed, mistake, fire, speech, walk, vote, haste, plan, will, living, recommendation, reduction, decision, promise, reference, poem, sentence, suggestion, habit, demonstration, summary, comparison, preparation, choice, joke, reply, resolution, face, noise, check, record, railway, canal, trip, cake, law, meal, face, guess, contrast, policy, mends, change, bow, confession, move, point, price, sound, stand, word,
2) Have
have breakfast/lunch/supper, tea, sports, labor, patience, deep affection on, power, fun, difficulty, notice,
have a meal, drink, beer, wine, coffee, taste, smoke, discussion, meeting, talk, chat, fight, walk, quarrel, run, ride, debate, break, haircut, swim, shave, wash, try, rest, lesson, class, wish, dream, song, shock, game, dance, stomachache, toothache, headache, backache, cold, cough, pain, fever, holiday, day off, good time, lie, good appetite, care, chance, disagreement, shower, sleep, test, baby, fit, good appetite, picnic, sale, share, mercy, choice,
have an appointment, influence, exam, interview, objection,
have the advantage, the day off,
3) Do
do justice to sb (do sb justice), good, harm, damage, honor, wrong, evil, right, dictation, translation
do drills, exercises, house work, home work, research (work) service, sums, physical labor, business, gymnastic, wonders, honours, battle, credit, justice, English puzzles, questions and answers
do a room, favor, test, job, subject, sum, show
do an experiment,
do one's lesson, assignment, hair, teeth, nail, bed, duty, best, need, part, bit
do the problem, day shift, food, room, house, trick, deed
do some washing, reading, shopping, sewing, cleaning, sightseeing, traveling, cooking studying, sweeping, speaking
4)Take
take measures, steps, orders, treatments, some pictures (photo), notes, advice, some medicine, poison, some tips, sides, action, aim, aside, apart, breath, effect, notice, offence, shape, turns, time,
take a cold, rest, walk, chat, bath, shower, course, plane, nap, look at sth, journey, bus, taxi, lift, dictation, deep breath, day off, seat, hint, newspaper, degree, risk, job, hint, subject, life, hike, beating, bow, chance, holiday, vote,
take an exam, oath,
take one's choice, seat, place, chance, fancy, time,
take the sun, chair, first place, blame, air, head,
5) Give
give a ring, push, pull, kick, smile, cry, sigh, shout, laugh, shrug, welcome, concert, lecture, punch, reply, course, description, blow, definition, kiss, demonstration, hand, raise,
give trouble, help, offence, pleasure, encouragement, permission, respect, support, chase,
give an excuse, order, example,
give sb a rise, hand, lift,
6) Go
go broke, bust, Dutch, easy, mad, round,
go for a drive, run, swim, walk, song, an outing
go climbing, dancing, fishing, hunting, riding, skiing, skating, swimming, walking, shopping, shooting,
go to school, college, bed, hospital, church, court, sea, town, work, war,
go to a concert, a report,
7)Keep
keep secret, quiet, dogs and cats, house, faith, silence, watch
keep an account, an arrangement,
keep a promise, shop, house, family, diary, balance, seat,
keep one's temper, word,
keep the rules, the score,
8) Set
set sail, words to music, fire, foot in a place,
set an example, an exam paper,
set one's watch, head at rest, eyes on sth,
set a tone, speed, price, style, seal to, demand, date, trap, paper,
set the fashion, pace,

常见的英语介词短语搭配
英语短语在字典中一般是黑体字，英语搭配同短语相比不是那么固定，比较活，使用的频率比较高，下面总结了常见英语介词短语搭配，为了便于比较和记忆，也包括了一些固定的介词短语。
1 WITH
(1)v+with
(a) v+with
begin, mix, agree, deal, fight, meet, play, quarrel, do, fool, reason, correspond, comply, settle,
(b) v + sth (sb) + with + sth (sb)
compare, provide, supply, feed, replace, combine, equip, furnish,
(2)adj+with
angry, strict, pleased, busy, covered, satisfied, filled, wrong, wild, crowded, connected, popular, covered, patient, annoyed, acquainted, delighted, confronted, content, friendly, identical, frank, concerned, bored, afflicted, associated, blended, burdened, comparable, consistent, disappointed, displeased, endowed, enraged, exhausted, familiar, gifted, impatient, infested, intimate, irritated, level, moved, occupied, overcome, popular, satisfied, vexed
(3) n+with
acquaintance, alliance, trouble, talk, chat, connection, consultation, conversation, sympathy,
2 AT
(1)v+at
aim, point, snatch, wonder, strike, work, look, glance, laugh, run, catch, shoot, stare, glare, thrust, smile, call, fire, tear, knock, winder, arrive, come, gasp,
(2)adj+at
amused, delighted, angry, good, surprised, astonished, pleased, terrified, clever, alarmed, astonished, clumsy, disgusted, impatient, quick, startled, surprised,
(3)n+at
knock, pull, look, glance, smile, game, astonishment, surprise, alarm,
3IN
(1)v+in
get, lie, turn, draw, believe, share, take, drop, give, call, hand, succeed, bring, result, trade, involve, check, count, cut, indulge, pour, participate, intervene, fill, join, confide, trust, believe, persist, consist,
(b) V+sb(sth)+in
help, spend
(2)adj+in
rich, interested, active, disappointed, engaged, busy, weak, expert, successful, absorbed, skilled, concerned, experienced, confident, employed, accurate, clothed, diligent, negligent, proficient, prompt, versed,
(3)n+in
interest, progress, satisfaction, faith, belief, confidence, response, pride, perseverance, harm, difficulty, pleasure, confidence, delight,
4 FROM
(1)V+from
(a) V + from
learn, die, come, suffer, hear, fall, rise, hang, escape, date, depart, result, descend, refrain, abstain, differ, distinguish, derive, expel, conceal, judge
(b) V + sth ( sb) +from + sth ( sb or a place)
borrow, protect, receive, separate, keep, stop, prevent, deter, choose, remove, save, dissuade, excuse, restrain
(2)adj+from
different, far, tired, made, separate, absent, distinct, hidden, made,
(3)n+from
letter, visitor, absence, difference, protection, relief, rescue,
5 OF
(1)V+of
(a) V+of
consist, dream, hear, tell, think, know, talk, die, speak
(b) V+sb+of+sth
rob, warn, inform, remind, accuse, cheat, convince, relieve, deprive,
(c) V+sth+of+sb
ask, beg, demand, require,
(2)adj+of
aware, careful, free, short, sure, certain, worthy, afraid, hopeful, proud, full, tired, made, capable, impatient, considerate, characteristic, guilty, capable, composed, jealous, ashamed, envious, ignorant, apprehensive, bare, cautious, clear, composed, conscious, descriptive, exclusive, forgetful, fond, hard, incapable, informed, innocent, made, mindful, neglectful, observant, possessed, productive, regardless, rid, sensible, sick, susceptible, weary
(3) n+of
quality, number, sample, choice, impression, neglect, attack, care, consideration, pleasure, doubt, way equivalence, possibility, example,
6 ON
(1)v+on
(a) v+on
act, lean, live, work, depend, look, wait, turn, switch, pull, have, keep, call, put, push, speak, insist, push, collaborate, count, frown, reckon, speculate, figure, carry,
(b) V+sb(sth)+ON+sb(sth)
congratulate, spend, base, fix
(2)adj+on
hard, keen, dependent, based, impressed,
(3)n+on
book, discussion, lecture, advice, opinion, impression, attack, dependence, judgment, pity, mercy, authority
7 TO
(1)v+to
(a) v+to
listen, stick, refer, turn, point, reply, occur, attend, see, lead, happen, come, get, write, hold, agree, belong, adapt, attribute, object, subscribe, adjust, accede, yield, resort, relate, respond, testify, succumb,
(b) v+to+sb
announce, describe, explain, express, mention, report, say, shout, suggest, whisper, speak, talk, nod,
(c) v+sth(sb)+sth(sb)
devote, compare, add, introduce, invite, leave, join, reduce, sentence, carry, take,
(2)adj+to
equal, opposed, true, familiar, close, near, kind, harmful, polite, rude, similar, useful, married, known, used, good, dedicated, fair, essential, parallel, related, sensible, relevant, possible, indifferent, devoted, comparable, necessary, contrary, suitable, strange, close, alike, opposite, familiar, inferior, superior, proportionate, accessory, accustomed, adapted, addicted, adequate, adjacent, afflicted, akin, alive, amenable, applicable, attentive, awake, blind, common, conductive, congenial, contiguous, contrary, corresponding, deaf, derogatory, disagreeable, displeasing, distasteful, exposed, false, fatal, grateful, hostile, important, indifferent, loyal, moved, obedient, odious, opposite, painful, partial, peculiar, pleasant, precious, preferable, precious, prior, profitable, prone, proper, relative, relevant, sacred, strange, subsequent, susceptible, thankful, troublesome,
(3)n+to
key, answer, visitor, end, way, solution, traitor, attention, exception, gratitude, approach
8 FOR
(1)v+for
(a)v+for
account, beg, hope, send, look, ask, long, pay, wish, wait, leave, fight, plan, prepare, care, stand, search, answer, run, call, bargain, inquire, press, apply, provide, apologize, grieve
(b)v+sb+for+sth
ask, blame, forgive, pardon, pay, praise, punish, reward, thank, excuse,
(2)adj+for
eager, bad, good, famous, fit, suitable, ready, sorry, grateful, useful, late, responsible, proper, crucial, competent, eligible, noted, renowned, appropriate, notorious, convenient, possible, profitable, liable, necessary, anxious, bound, eligible, impatient, liable, sufficient, uncared, unfit, zealous,
(3)n+for
plan, need, reason, explanation, ability, affection, excuse, ambition, anxiety, reputation, consideration, necessity, talent, sympathy, cause, pretext, qualification
9 ABOUT
(1)v+about
quarrel, agree, consult, complain, speak, bring, think, set, care, fumble, fuss, leave, move, lie, hear, speculate, inquire,
(2)adj+about
happy, anxious, nervous, cautious, careful, certain, excited, particular, pleased, concerned, enthusiastic, uneasy, troubled
(3)n+on
concern, anxiety, opinion, question,

常见的英语同义词25组
在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是25组同义词。
1. 路 2. 时代 3. 战斗 4. 牧师 5. 服装 6. 哭 7. 美丽,漂亮 8. 拉,拖 9. 旋转 10. 生气,气愤 11. 错误 12. 图画 13. 特别的 14. 取消,消灭 15.破碎 16. 环境,形势 17. 著名的 18. 强盗 19. 摇动,颤动 20. 说话,谈话 21. 事情,事件 22. 承认 23. 走路 24. 跳 25. 特点,特征
1.路
way: Wherever there is room for an object to proceed, there is a way.
road: A road is a prepared way for traveling with horses or vehicles.
path: A way suitable to be traveled only by foot passengers or by animals.
route: A route is a line of travel, and may be over many roads.
street: A street is in some centre of habitation, as a city town or village, when it passes between houses of dwellings.
avenue: A avenue is a long, broad and imposing( 壮严) or principal street.
2.时代(期) (时期)
period: It indicates any passage of time, great or small. /an extent of time of any length.
(时代)
time(s): It refers to a period in history. in ancient times/ in Victoria time (新时代)
epoch: It indicates a long period of time marked by events or development of a particular kind.
The first flight into space marked a new epoch in the history of mankind.
(纪元)
era: It refers to a very long period of time marked by a particular feature in a great new era of world revolution
(时期)
age: It shows a particular /a fairly definite period in history. the Bronze Age, Iron Age
3.战斗 (打仗)
fight: It is a bodily struggle (奋斗 斗争)
struggle: An effort of any kind to overcome difficulty.
(战斗) battle: A fight between armed forces.
(战役) campaign: A series of related military operations in a war.
(战争) war: A period of fight between countries or states when
weapons are used and many people are killed.
(对抗) combat: A fight, conflict, controversy.
4.牧师 (教士 牧师)
priest: A person, esp. a man specially trained for various religious duties and ceremonies, in the Christian church, esp. in the Roman Catholic church
(牧师) minister: A member of clergy, esp. Protestant churches.
(牧师) clergy(pl): The officially appointed leader of the religious activities of a particular church or temple.
clergyman: clergymen(pl) a member of clergy.
(牧师) pastor: A Christian religious leader in charge of a church and its members, esp. in a Protestant church.
(教区牧师) vicar: A priest in charge of an area(parish) in the church of England.
father: A little of respect for a priest, esp. in the Roman Catholic.
5.服装
clothing(collect): (fml) General term of clothes.
clothes(no single): Coverings of the body such as coats,
dresses, suits, shoes, hats.
garment(fl): A suit of clothes used by actors./a single article of clothing.
costum