(新)二轮复习英语完形填空专题.doc

二轮复习英语完形填空专题
吴家宏

一、 考试说明的内容及要求
完形填空共20小题，每题1.5分。在一篇250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项填入相应的空白处，使补足后的短文意思通顺、结构完整。做本题所需的时间一般为12~15分钟。
二、 近五年安徽省高考完形填空的考点分布及命题趋势
■近五年完形填空的题材
2008年 说明文
2009年 记叙文
2010年 说明文
2011年 记叙文
2012年 记叙文
■近五年安徽省高考完形填空的考点分布及命题趋势

2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
名词
3
3
3
4
7
介词
3
1

1

介词短语

1
2

代词

1
1

数词

1

形容词
4
5
6
5
7
副词
1
2
2

2
连词
1
1
2
1
1
情态动词
1

动词
5
4
4
3
1
动词短语
1

1
3
2
名词性从句
1
1

1

状语从句

1

定语从句

1

通过上面表格可以看出，完形填空考查名词、形容词、副词、动词及动词短语等实词较多。其中，名词、形容词以及动词考查最多。我认为，这种趋势还会延续下去。高考中的完形填空题还会是以记叙文和说明文为主，或是夹叙夹议的文章。考题还会是侧重语篇理解，淡化语法，考查实词(名词、形容词、动词等)，也会是根据上下文以及语篇理解来做出选择。记叙型完形填空仍是高考和备考的重点。研读记叙性完形填空,可以看出以下命题突点和趋势：首句完整、线索清楚；叙述灵活、侧重语境；实词为主、虚词为辅。
三、 一轮复习中存在的问题
㈠ 有些同学还不是特别清楚如何做完形填空。不会抓开头的主题句。
㈡ 断句恢复能力不够。‘先完形、后完义’答题方法掌握不够熟练。
㈢ 还没有足够的词汇量能顺利完成一篇不太容易的完形填空。
㈣ 根据上下文判断，在特定语境中综合运用语言知识的能力仍需提高。
基础较弱同学做题速度偏慢，还没有掌握‘先易后难，返回定论’的方法

四、 教学重点与教学策略
■教学重点
㈠ 加强名词、形容词以及动词等方面的训练，特别是同类词中含义比较。词语辨析，表面上是语境中词语的语意选择，其实是考查词汇的运用能力。
㈡ 熟练掌握语法知识。尽管单纯考查语法知识的题很少，但熟练的语法知识不但可以有助于快速理解文章的句子结构和大意，对解题也很有帮助。
㈢ 要加强学生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系(but, however, yet)、让步关系(although, though, even though, while)、因果关系(so, therefore)、递进关系(besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover)、比较关系(on the contrary, at the same time, meanwhile, while)等。
㈣ 注意选用那些质量较高(以意义填空为主、接近真题)的练习作为训练材料。要留心把所有做过的试题保存好。按不同的题材分类，然后比较，对照，掌握个中的答题规律。
■教学策略
在二轮完形填空专题复习中，我们将尝试教会学生以下一些解题技巧
㈠ 细读首句，展示全文，充分利用首句信息。完形填空首句一般完整。往往首句是全文的关键句，通常包含对解题有用的信息，由此可判断文章的大意或主题。所以要充分利用首句的标识作用，来找到解题的突破口，据此展开思维，争取开门顺利。举例:
When I began planning to move to Auckland to study, my mother was worried about a lack of jobs and cultural differences. Ignoring these ______, I got there in July 2010. …
（2011安徽卷）
A. doubts B. concerns C. instructions D. reasons
根据首句所提供的信息，我们知道:‘我’开始计划去奥克兰学习时，母亲对那里没有(找不到)工作和文化差异‘担心’(worried), 而我不理会母亲的‘关心、担心’(concerns)，仍去了那里。所以此处应选B(concerns).
㈡ 根据上下文语境进行选择，把握语篇的‘整体性’
完形填空的命题形式决定了它的解题策略:通过全文，掌握大意，根据上下文提供的语境进行推敲。上下文是环环相扣，只要弄明白文中提供的关键词及逻辑关系，就能确定比较明显的、直接的答案。请看下面一完形填空开头段:
When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a __36__ problem and had to go to hospital for a ___37__ examination.
It seemed a small ___38__ compared to the one I was to face, but things started to go __39__right from the beginning. Not having a car or __40__ the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B….. (2012安徽卷)
36. A. physical B. traveling C. social D. housing
37. A. scientific B. final C. previous D. thorough
38. A. chance B. challenge C. success D. error
39. A. wrong B. easy C. fast D. ahead
40. A. leaving B. visiting C. knowing D. appreciating
详解:
36. A. 根据首句得知:‘我’搬进了一个看起来很大但又似乎不太友好的城市定居。下句中的‘had to go to hospital’到医院可知是身体不适，所以选‘physical’身体的.
37. D. 根据本句前半部分‘我身体不适到医院’的语境推测，‘我’是要做个‘彻底的’检查。
38. B. 根据上文可知:‘我’不太了解这座大城市；根据下文的坐错车和失去信心可知:这对‘我’而言是一个挑战challenge。下文的语境很清楚，说明去医院途中的不顺利的过程，身体还没有检查，这么知道身体是个小毛病(error)呢? 其他两个选项chance 和success与语境不符。
39. A. 根据上文‘我’不太了解这座大城市以及下文的坐错车、迟到和失去信心可知，事情一开始就出岔子，出问题(go wrong), 所以选A.
40. C 还是根据上文‘my new city’ 可知，‘我’并不熟悉这个城市，即not knowing the city, 故选C.

㈢ 先完形后完义
  完型填空题中也有考查语法、惯用法、固定搭配等知识方面的题目。要排除干扰项，选出正确答案，就必须清楚空格处被挖掉的词在语篇中起什么作用。在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上，必须满足结构形式，避免句子出现语法错误。亦即先完形再完义，从而迅速正确的解决问题。比如动词及物不及物、延续非延续，动词和名词以及动词与其他词类配合作用等一系列问题。介词往往是最活跃的，其次是副词。熟练地掌握语法、惯用法、固定搭配等基础知识并运用其分析解答完型填空题是一种非常有效的解题方法。在做题时要注意固定搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如:
1. The city(Washington) was named ___ George Washington, the first president of the United States.
A. by B. for C. as D. after
解析: 答案为A. be named after 以…命名
2. It was 4 o’clock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs. Clarke was ____tea at the time.
A. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving
解析: 答案为B make tea：沏茶。固定搭配。
3. Here's a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself     so much money.
A. for B. by C. to D. of
解析: 答案为C 表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to…
4. Then he suddenly felt nervous. After all, it was his first time to ____a part in a play.
  A. made B. join C. have D. give
解析: 答案为C 此题所提供的四个选项都是及物动词，后边都可以直接跟名词作宾语。如果只是从语法角度考虑，很难确定答案。可是，如果知道英语中 have a part 是一种习惯搭配，表示“担任一个角色”，就不难做出选择了。
5. We were thrown into the water, and Dad was struggling aimlessly. At that moment, I felt fiercely _ __ of him. (2011 重庆卷 52小题)
A. ashamed B. protective C. tired D. afraid
解析: 答案为B. 句意为: 爸爸不太会游泳，正在水中挣扎。当时我有想‘保护’(protective)他的强烈愿望。ashamed为‘羞愧的’；tired ‘疲惫的、厌倦的’；afraid ‘害怕的’。 故选B(protective).
6. Most developed nations have become __ __ on digital technology simply because they have grown accustomed to it, and…(2012 江苏卷 43题)
A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent
解析: 答案为C. 本题考查先完形后完义。四个选项都可搭配(都可完形).A bent (on) ‘决心的、全身关注的’；B hard (on)‘严厉的’； C keen (on)‘爱好的、感兴趣的’；D dependent (on) ‘依赖的’。 根据下文中的可知，许多发达的国家已经依赖数码技术，故选D。
7. … , but they are _____ damage to our houses and shops of historical interest,’’ said John Norris, one of the protesters.
A. doing B. raising C. putting D. producing
解析: 答案为A do damage to sb./sth. 是个固定搭配，‘对。。。有损害’。其它三个没有此相关搭配。
8. If you _____ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.(2011安徽卷)
A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus on
解析: 答案为A 该句意思是:如果你碰巧发现自行车有瑕疵但又想买，你可以要求店员降价。A项‘偶然发现’；B项‘在意’；C项‘寻找’；D项‘集中于’，根据句意选A.。
㈣ 从常识的角度考虑选择
 完型填空命题的基本形式是独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间无不交织、渗透着各类相关的常识与知识，从文化、科学知识，到历史、地理知识，从风俗民情到民族习惯等等，无所不包。高中学生已经掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识，具备了一定的价值判断能力。考生做题时，若能积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西方文化方面存在的巨大差异，将会大大地简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确答案。
请看以下例题。 
1. Taking off his clothes, he jumped into the river. The ___water made him tremble all over.
  A. deep B. cool C. dirty D. cold
解析: 答案D. 此题的四个选项都可以修饰名词“water ”但在上下文中，最佳选项是D。正因为水冷，“他”才会全身发抖。这点是可以根据常识来判断的。
2.（北京卷）But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble ____.
A. speaking    B. moving    C. sleeping    D. breathing
解析: 结合上下文可知：既然跑步训练太多了，产生的结果当然是最后“呼吸（breathing）都有困难了”。 答案D。
3. …For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a __ _ country like Germany? (2012山东卷 37题)
A. traditional B. developing C. typical D. wealthy
解析: 根据上文语境以及常识‘德国是个发达的国家’可知，此处应指‘一个像德国那样富有的国家’。故选D wealthy. 句意为:比如，有多少人能想到在一个像德国那样富有的国家会看到有人流落街头呢? traditional传统的；developing发展中的；typical典型的。
4. … Today we can talk, e-mail, chat and blog, not only from our__ __ ,but from our mobile phones as well. (2012 江苏卷 42题)
A. media B. computers C. databases D. monitors
解析: 根据上文中的‘network’并结合常识可知‘交谈、发短信、发电子邮件、写博客可以通过电脑和手机进行故选B computers。 media媒体；databases数据库；monitors监视器。
㈤ 从词汇的意义及用法去考虑。 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词。例如注意以下同义词的辨义。 1.Soon I heard a ___ like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.
A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 解析: 四个选项都和声音有关，但含意不同。 A. sound‘响声，响动’； B. cry‘哭，哭喊’； C. voice‘说话的声音’； D. shout‘喊叫，呼喊’。该句的意思是：不久我听到了像门被打开的响声，然后就是上楼的脚步声。因此答案是A。 2. “Give me a hand,’’ he shouted_____ he got near the boat.
A.. while B. till C. for D. as
解析:四个选项都可以表示时间。while强调一段时间内进行的动作，需与持续性动词连 用；till表示的是动作持续到某时或到某时才开始；for表示的是动作持续了一段时间；as连接的是一个与谓语动作几乎同时发生的动词。答案应选D (got)，表示他一边向船靠近一边大声呼叫，got是瞬间性动词。 3. Many old people don’t have good ____. They can’t watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio .
A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time 解析: 这里说的是老人视力不好，看电视不行，但能听收音机。所以应选C。
4. Some parts of the water are very shallow, but in some places it is very ______.
A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous
解析:根据转折连词but的提示，所选的词应与shallow相反，因此选A(deep).
5. She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play. It was a good ① of getting rid of his nervousness. She said, she was right, it seemed to ② .
① A. idea B. way C. path D. plan
② A. do B. win C. work D. act
解析: 句中的“她”注意到“他”很紧张，建议“他”观看表演以消除紧张。显然，“她”所建议的是一种消除紧张的方法。题①的选项中，只有 way有方法的意思，无疑是最佳答案。紧接着的一句话是“她说得对，这个方法似乎有效’。题②的四个选项中，只有 work 有“奏效”的意思，自然应选C。这两个题的解答都要从词汇入手。当然，词汇意义的决定也与通篇意义有关。
㈥ 根据动作的发出者确定所选的词
1. And video cameras can be used to ___people’s actions at home.
A. keep B. make C. record D. watch
解析: 摄像机被用来’记录’(record)家里人的活动. 所以此处应选C.
2. When the papers were____ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.
A. collected B. completed C. marked D. answered
解析: 这句话说的是:当批阅(mark) 试卷时,她发现十二个男生在整个试题中所犯的错是一样的. A. collect:收上来；B. complete做完；D. answer回答。都不符合此句的意思.因此答案为C. answered。
㈦ 先易后难，善于返回定论
完形填空题的总体难度是较高的，但20个空中，容易失分的也仅有四、五个题。大多数是中档题和低档题。因此，在解题中要注意解题速度，不可为一道难题苦思冥想，耗时太多。应该绕道而行，先做下面容易的题目，将有把握的空填上。填上所有的容易题，也缩小了思考范围，同时又提供了更多的信息。当20题已经做16题时，剩下4题就可以从容应答。有的难题一时难下定论的，这时必须读下去，在下文中找到相关依据后再返回定论。有时上文已选定某一项，但下文解题中，发现上文那个不妥，不符合联贯逻辑，也必须返回定论。不善于返回定论，就难以做好完形填空题。

五、 精讲例题
下面分别列出两篇完形填空来详解
例篇1
I wanted to be just like those big kids I saw wearing their medals and carrying their ribbons(绶带). So I 1 the crossing-country team at my school.
However, I was very slow in the team. In races, I would finish almost 2 . I’d always have to 3 in the longer races. The 4 races and at least 100 people competing in it made me really 5 . Every time I stopped, 10 people would 6 me. But I still couldn’t push myself to keep going, even though I 7 watching them go by me. After every race, I’d go home and burst into tears.
Then one of my friends joined the crossing-country team, too. She never got tired and didn’t get cramp(抽筋)in her legs. I just didn’t understand how that was 8 ! I’d been running much longer than she had, but she could run 9 while I had to suffer. She even came 8th in a big race with over 200 people in it! My 10 was lower than ever and I wanted to quit badly.
I didn’t, 11 . Even a whole month before race, I’d get so nervous that I felt like I might give up. Still, I 12 to quit. I still had that 13 appearing in my mind and I hung on to it.
Finally, I realized the reason why the bigger races made me so nervous was that I was always worried that I wasn’t 14 for them. I started to practice at home almost every day. I 15 a plan that had me running almost three kilometers every day, which helped me build up a steady 16 .
When the time came for the big race, all the practice really 17 . I stopped only once and my pace was much better.
I was 18 of myself for sticking with it even though it was really hard and I’d even wanted to quit. I showed myself that I 19 enough to keep going. I built my confidence.
The next time I’m faced with tough 20 , I will know I can take it up. None of this would ever have happened if I had quitted.
1. A. liked B. admired C. supported D. joined
2. A. best B. first C. last D. least
3. A. stop B. rest C. breathe D. suffer
4. A. exciting B. tiring C. interesting D. disturbing
5. A. nervous B. frightened C. sad D. angry
6. A. help B. encourage C. leave D. pass
7. A. missed B. hated C. avoided D. escaped
8. A. equal B. reasonable C. fair D. tolerable
9. A. quickly B. easily C. happily D. hopefully
10. A. strength B. demand C. goal D. confidence
11. A. yet B. either C. though D. still
12. A. refused B. decided C. failed D. wanted
13. A. lesson B. faith C. future D. picture
14. A. suitable B. active C. ready D. well
15. A. took out B. worked out C. figured out D. let out
16. A. pace B. race C. will D. level
17. A. set off B. paid off C. got off D. took off
18. A. sure B. aware C. proud D. afraid
19. A. strong B. patient C. steady D. devoted
20. A. job B. sport C. competition D. challenge
【详解】
本文是叙述文，是一篇‘励志’的文章。作者羡慕大孩子戴着绶带的样子，于是参加了学校的越野队。虽然很难，但她坚持了下来，并通过努力锻炼取得了很大的进步。最后一段是议论。文章告诉我们一个道理:遇到困难和挑战时，要勇敢面对，不放弃。
1. D 作者也想象她见到的大孩子那样带着勋章和绶带，所以她’加入’了学校的越野队。下文第三段‘Then one of my friends joined the crossing-country team, too.’是线索提示。
2. C 根据上文‘However, I was very slow in the team’可知，作者几乎总是最后一个完成比赛，故选C(last).
3. A 根据下文‘Every time I stopped.’ 可知，作者在长跑比赛中总是不得不停下来，故选A。
4. B 根据上文‘作者在长跑比赛中总是不得不停下来’可知，这种比赛是累人的(tiring)，再结合下文作者与她的朋友的对比‘She never got tired and didn’t get cramp in her leg ’可知，应选B.
5. A 这些令人疲惫的比以及一百人参赛的确让‘I’ 感到很紧张。‘Even a whole month before a race, I’d get so nervous that I felt like I might give up.’ 是线索提示。
6. D 每次作者停下来，就会有10个人超越她(pass)
7. B 虽然作者讨厌(hated)看着他们超越自己，但她仍然无法迫使自己继续下去。
8. C 作者的朋友从不感到累，腿也不抽筋，由此可见，作者无法理解那怎么会是公平的。equal‘相等的; reasonable‘合情合理的’; fair‘公平的; tolerable‘可容忍的’。
9. B 她跑的很轻松而作者却觉得那是一种折磨。解题时注意while表对比。
10. D 作者从未感到如此没有自信，非常想放弃。confidence‘自信’，符合语境。
11. C 然而，作者没有放弃。Though用作副词时，表示‘然而、不过’，常用在句末。
12. A 比赛前一个月作者紧张地觉得自己可能会放弃。然而，作者拒绝放弃，故选A.refused。
13. D 此处指戴着勋章和绶带的大孩子们的画面picture仍然在作者的脑海中。
14. C 最终作者意识到，自己面对大赛紧张的原因是她总是担心自己没有准备好。be ready for sth.，准备好某事。
15. B 考查词组含义。 take out‘取出’； work out‘拟定、计算出、解答出、理解’； figure out‘计算出、弄明白’； let out‘发出、泄露’。此处work out指’拟定计划’，故选B.
16. A 作者每天锻炼以帮助自己逐渐形成稳定的步伐。根据下一段中的‘I stopped only once and my pace was much better ’可知，应选A
17. B 根据下文‘I stopped only once and my pace was much better’可知，作者所有的锻炼凑效了，她的努力得到回报了。set off‘出发、使响起、燃放、引燃’ ;pay off‘得到回报、还清’; get off‘脱下、摆脱、离开; take off’起飞、事业成功、脱下’。故选B。
18. C 虽然作者真的很难，甚至想放弃，但她坚持下来了。她为自己感到自豪(proud). be proud of ‘为。。。感到自豪’。
19. A. 作者通过坚持不懈的努力取得了很大进步，想自己表明自己足够坚强，能够继续下去。strong‘坚强的、强大的’，符合语境。
20. D 最后一段议论，作者感想。下次作者面临艰难挑战的时候，她将会知道自己能应付它。challenge‘挑战’，符合语境。
例篇2
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation． 1 you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to 2 down．But relaxation is 3 for a healthy mind and body．
Stress is a 4 part of everyday life and there is no way to 5 it．In fact, it is not the bad thing that it is often supposed to be．A 6 amount of stress is important to provide motivation and give 7 to life．It is only when the stress gets out of control 8 it can lead to poor performance and 9 health．
　　The amount of stress a person can bear 10 very much on the individual．Some people are not afraid of stress, and such 11 are obviously chief material for managerial(管理上的) responsibilities．Others lose heart at first 12 of unusual difficulties．When exposed to stress, in 13 form, we react both chemically and physically．In fact we make a choice between 14 and fight．And in more ancient days the choices made the 15 between life and death．The crises（危机）we meet today are 16 to be so extreme．But however little the stress is, it requires the same response．It is when such a reaction 17 long, through continued exposure(显示,暴露) to stress, that health becomes 18 . Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have 19 links