化学专业英语.ppt

Speciality English for Chemistry Chemistry and SocietyXianxi ZhangTel.:8230680Email:TextbookFeatures of Speciality English for ChemistryStrategy to study Speciality English for ChemistryCompositions of the final scoresIntroduction to Speciality English for ChemistryLots of specialized words involvedLots of English papers to readWrite English papersListening and speaking ability to communicate with othersFeatures of Speciality English for ChemistryEnhance English abilities through translationsMaster specialized words during reading English papersWriting practiceSpeaking practiceFast reading practiceStrategy to study Speciality English for ChemistryClass performance:20 scoresFinal examination:80 scoresCompositions of the final scores Chemistry is such a broad,all-encompassing area of study that people almost despair in trying to define it.Chapter 1 What is Chemistry 化学是一个如此广泛的、涵盖一切的学科领化学是一个如此广泛的、涵盖一切的学科领域，以至于人们在尝试给它下定义时几乎绝望了。域，以至于人们在尝试给它下定义时几乎绝望了。encompass:inkmps,vt.包围，环绕包围，环绕 despair:disp,n.&vi.绝望，失望绝望，失望Indeed,some have taken a cop-out approach by defining chemistry as“what chemists do”.But that wont do;its much too narrow a view.事实上，有些人采取一种逃避的办法，把化学定事实上，有些人采取一种逃避的办法，把化学定义为义为“化学家们所做的化学家们所做的”。但是那行不通，它的。但是那行不通，它的视野范围太狭窄了。视野范围太狭窄了。cop-out:kpaut 逃避逃避 Chemistry is we all do.We bathe,clean,and cook.We put chemicals on our faces,hands,and hair.我们每个人的活动都牵涉到化学。我们洗浴、我们每个人的活动都牵涉到化学。我们洗浴、做清洁、烹调食物。我们把一些化学制品用在做清洁、烹调食物。我们把一些化学制品用在脸上、手上和头发上。脸上、手上和头发上。Collectively,we use tens of thousands of consumer chemical products in our homes.总起来说，我们在家庭中使用成千上万种总起来说，我们在家庭中使用成千上万种消费化学品。消费化学品。Professionals in the health and life sciences use thousands of additional chemicals as drugs,antiseptics,or reagents for diagnostic tests.保健和生命科学的专家们用各种各样的化学品作为药物、保健和生命科学的专家们用各种各样的化学品作为药物、杀菌剂或诊断测试的试剂。杀菌剂或诊断测试的试剂。antiseptic:,ntiseptik adj.防腐的防腐的,杀菌的杀菌的 n.防腐剂，杀菌剂防腐剂，杀菌剂reagent:ri(:)eidnt n.反应物反应物,试剂试剂diagnostic:,dainstik adj.诊断的诊断的,判断的判断的 Your body itself is a remarkable chemical factory.You eat and breathe,taking in raw materials for the factory.You convert these supplies into an unbelievable array of products,some incredibly complex.你的身体本身就是一个不同寻常的化工厂。你通过饮食和呼你的身体本身就是一个不同寻常的化工厂。你通过饮食和呼吸为这个工厂摄入原材料。你把这些供给转化成多得令人难吸为这个工厂摄入原材料。你把这些供给转化成多得令人难以置信的产物，有些复杂得不可思议。以置信的产物，有些复杂得不可思议。array:rei n.阵列阵列,一大批一大批,大量大量incredible:inkredbl adj.难以置信的难以置信的;可疑的可疑的 This chemical factory-your body also generates its own energy.It detects its own malfunctions and can regenerate and repair some of its component parts.你的身体这个化工厂也产生它自己的能量。它发现你的身体这个化工厂也产生它自己的能量。它发现自己的故障，并能够再生和修复它的一些零部件。自己的故障，并能够再生和修复它的一些零部件。malfunction:mlfkn n.故障故障,障碍障碍 It senses changes in its environment and adapts to these changes.With the aid of a neighboring facility,this fabulous factory can create other factories much like itself.它察觉环境中的变化并适应这些变化。在邻近设它察觉环境中的变化并适应这些变化。在邻近设施的帮助下，这个神奇的工厂能够创造跟它自身施的帮助下，这个神奇的工厂能够创造跟它自身非常相像的另外的工厂。非常相像的另外的工厂。fabulous:fbjuls adj.寓言般的寓言般的,难以置信的难以置信的,神奇的神奇的 Everything you do involves chemistry.You read this sentence,light energy is converted to chemical energy.You think,protein molecules are synthesized and stored in your brain.All of us do chemistry.你所作的一切都牵涉到化学。你阅读这个句子，光能转化成你所作的一切都牵涉到化学。你阅读这个句子，光能转化成了化学能。你思考，一些蛋白质分子就被合成并储存在你的了化学能。你思考，一些蛋白质分子就被合成并储存在你的大脑中。我们所有人都在从事化学。大脑中。我们所有人都在从事化学。Chemistry affects society as well as individuals.Chemistry is the language and the principal tool of the biological sciences,the health sciences,and the agricultural and earth sciences.化学对社会和个人都有影响。化学是生物学、保健科学、化学对社会和个人都有影响。化学是生物学、保健科学、农业科学和地球科学的语言和基本工具。农业科学和地球科学的语言和基本工具。Chemistry has illuminated the entire natural world;from the tiny atomic nucleus to the immense cosmos.从微小的原子核到无垠的宇宙，化学给整个自然界以从微小的原子核到无垠的宇宙，化学给整个自然界以启迪。启迪。illuminate:Ilju:mineit vt.照亮照亮;阐明阐明;启迪启迪nucleus:nju:klis n.(原子原子)核核immense:imens adj.极大的极大的,巨大的巨大的cosmos:kzms n.宇宙宇宙 We believe that knowledge of chemistry can help you.Chemistry can be related immediately to problems and opportunities in the life and health sciences.我们相信化学知识能够帮助你。化学能够直接我们相信化学知识能够帮助你。化学能够直接与生命和保健科学中的问题和机会联系起来。与生命和保健科学中的问题和机会联系起来。And we believe that this can make the study of chemistry interesting and exciting,especially to no chemists.我们也相信这会使化学的学习变得有趣和激动人我们也相信这会使化学的学习变得有趣和激动人心，特别是对非化学工作者。心，特别是对非化学工作者。For example,an“ion”is more than a chemical abstraction.Enough mercury ions in the wrong place can kill you,but the right number of calcium ions in the right place can keep you from bleeding to death.例如，例如，“离子离子”不只是一个化学概念。足量的汞离子在不只是一个化学概念。足量的汞离子在不合适的地方会致人死命，而适量的钙离子在合适的地不合适的地方会致人死命，而适量的钙离子在合适的地方却能够使人避免因流血过多而死。方却能够使人避免因流血过多而死。ion:ain n.离子离子mercury:m:kjuri n.汞汞,水银水银calcium:klsim n.钙钙 “pV=nRT”is an equation,but it is also the basis for the respiratory therapy that has saved untold lives in hospitals.“pV=nRT”是一个方程式，但它也是在医院中是一个方程式，但它也是在医院中挽救无数生命的呼吸疗法的基础。挽救无数生命的呼吸疗法的基础。respiratory:rispairtri adj.呼吸的呼吸的,呼吸用的呼吸用的therapy:erpi n.疗法疗法 “Hydrogen bonding”is a chemical phenomenon,but it also helps to account for the fact that a dog has puppies while a cat has kittens and a human has human babies.“氢键氢键”是一个化学现象，但它还有助于说明一是一个化学现象，但它还有助于说明一些事实的原因，比如狗生出的后代是小狗、猫生些事实的原因，比如狗生出的后代是小狗、猫生出的后代是小猫，而人类生出的后代仍然是人类。出的后代是小猫，而人类生出的后代仍然是人类。puppy:ppi n.小狗小狗,幼犬幼犬kitten:kitn n.小猫小猫 There are hundreds of similar fundamental and interesting applications of chemistry to life.化学在生活中还有许许多多类似的重要而又有趣化学在生活中还有许许多多类似的重要而又有趣的应用。的应用。Knowledge of chemistry has already had a profound effect on the quality of life.Its impact on the future will be even more dramatic.化学知识已经对生活质量产生了深远的影响。化学知识已经对生活质量产生了深远的影响。它对未来的影响将会更加激动人心。它对未来的影响将会更加激动人心。profound:prfaund adj.深度的深度的;深切的深切的;深远的深远的dramatic:drmtik adj.戏剧性的戏剧性的,激动人心的激动人心的 At present we can control diabetes,cure some forms of cancer,and prevent some forms of mental retardation because of our understanding of the chemistry of the body.因为我们对身体中与化学相关问题有所了解，目前，我因为我们对身体中与化学相关问题有所了解，目前，我们能控制糖尿病，治疗一些癌症并能预防某些智力缺陷们能控制糖尿病，治疗一些癌症并能预防某些智力缺陷症。症。diabetes:,daibi:ti:z,n.糖尿病糖尿病retardation:,ri:t:dein,n.延迟延迟 We cant cure diabetes or cure all forms of cancer or all mental retardation,because our knowledge is still limited.由于我们的知识仍然有限，所以我们不能治愈由于我们的知识仍然有限，所以我们不能治愈糖尿病、所有癌症或智力缺陷。糖尿病、所有癌症或智力缺陷。So learn as much as you can.Your work will be enhanced and your life enriched by your greater understanding.所以尽可能多地学习吧。随着你认识的更多，所以尽可能多地学习吧。随着你认识的更多，你的工作会更加进步，你的生活也会更加丰富你的工作会更加进步，你的生活也会更加丰富多彩。多彩。Be prepared.Something good might happen to you and to others because of you。做好准备吧。在你和其他人身上也许会有做好准备吧。在你和其他人身上也许会有一些好事因你而发生。一些好事因你而发生。Appendix 2 SI UnitsPhysical QuantityName of UnitsSymbolLengthmetermMasskilogramkgTimesecondsTemperatureKelvinKAmount of substancemolemolElectric currentAmpereALuminous intensitycandelacdSI Fundamental UnitsTraditional Metric and SI PrefixesFactorPrefixSymbol FactorPrefixSymbol10 12teraT10-2centic10 9gigaG10-3millim10 6megaM10-6micro10 3kilok10-9nanon10 2hectoh10-12picop10 1dekada10-15femtof10-1decid10-18 attoa Derivated SI UnitsPhysical Quantity Name of UnitSymbol DefinitionAreaSquare meterm2VolumeCubic meterm3Density Kilogram per cubic meterkgm-3ForceNewtonNkgms-2PressurePascalPaNm-2EnergyJouleJkgm2s-2Electric quantityCoulombCAsElectric potential differenceVoltVJ/(As)HomeworkPrepare an introduction of yourselfPrepare an introduction of yourselfFast read practice of the current textFast read practice of the current textPrepare for the next text Prepare for the next text 1-5 Green 1-5 Green ChemistryChemistry