专四语法系列一——句子成分.pptx

TEM-4专四语法与词汇系列专四语法与词汇系列句子成分句子成分Jocelyn Yee句子的主要成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语。The main sentence parts are:subject,predicator,object,attribute,adverbial,complement,subject complement/predicative,appositive主主语 Subject主语（subject），是一句话中动作的实施者。一般由名词性的成分充当，如名词、代词、名词性从句等。在专四中对主语的考核，请注意形式主语it与真正主语的辨析。主主语 SubjectIn the following sentence“It is no use waiting for me”,the italicized phrase is .(2010,61)A.the object B.an adverbial C.a complement D.the subjectD谓语 Predicator谓语（predicator），是一句话的中心动作，一定由动词来充当。在专四中对谓语的考核，主要集中在时态和语法上。参见专四语法与词汇系列其余部分to be continued宾语 Object宾语（object），是一句话中动作的实施对象，一般位于及物动词或介词之后，也由名词性成分的词、短语或从句充当。在专四中对宾语的考核，请注意形式宾语it与真正宾语的辨析。In“How much do you think he earns?”how much is of the sentence.(2009,64)A.the subject B.the adverbial C.the object D.the complementC宾语 Object宾语 Object在对宾语的考核中，还可能会考核到双宾语（double objects）和复合宾语（compound object），以及这二者的区别。They gave him a watch.We call him Jack.(object+object complement)Which of the following sentences has an object complement?(2010,63)A.The directors appointed John manager.B.I gave Mary a Christmas present.C.You have done Peter a favor.D.She is teaching children English.A宾语 Object定定语 Attribute定语（attribute），是一句话中对主语和宾语起修饰、限定的那个部分，通常由形容词性的词、短语或从句充当。状状语 Adverbial状语（adverbial），是一句话中修饰动词或整句的那个部分，通常由副词性的词、短语或从句充当，且介词短语也可充当句子的状语。状语可用于表示时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、让步、条件等。Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?(2010,51)A.Why dont you do it for the sake of your friends?B.I wish I could write as well as you.C.For all his efforts,he didnt get an A.D.Her eyes were red from excessive reading.D状状语 Adverbial表表语 Subject Complement表语（subject complement），是一句话中位于联系动词后，用于解释、说明、描述主语的那个部分，一般由形容词、名词性质的词、短语或从句充当。Even as a girl,to be her life,and theater audiences were to be her best teacher.(2001,42)A.performing by Melissa wereB.it was known that Melissas performances wereC.knowing that Melissas performances wereD.Melissa knew that performing wasD句子成分句子成分