专四语法状语从句反意疑问句.pptx

2 地点状语从句地点状语从句特 殊 引 导 词：wherever,anywhere,everywhere 句型1：Where地点从句，（there）主句。【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里哪里就”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：Where there is no rain,farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。They were good persons.Where they went,there they were warmly welcomed.他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。Where the Communist Party of China goes,there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。句型2：Anywhere/wherever地点从句，主句。【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever,anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：Wherever the sea is,you will find seamen.有海就有海员。3 原因状语从句原因状语从句特殊引导词：seeing that,now that,in that,considering that,given that.Now that everybody has come,lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.4 目的状语从句目的状语从句 特殊引导词：lest,in case,for fear that，in the hope that,for the purpose that,to the end that The teacher raised his voice for the purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.He must run fast lest he（should）miss the train.他必须快跑，免得赶不上火车。5 结果状语从句结果状语从句特殊引导词：such that,to the degree that,to the extent that,to such a degree thatIts such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6 条件状语从句条件状语从句特殊引导词：as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,supposing that,in case that,on condition that You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.7 让步状语从句让步状语从句特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，no matter，in spite of the fact that,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever Much as I respect him,I cant agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried,she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8 比较状语从句比较状语从句 特殊引导词：the more the more ;just as，so;A is to B what X is to Y;no more than;not A so much as B The house is three times as big as ours.Its not so much that the machine is out of order as（that）/but(rather)I have not learned to operate it Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。表示倍数的方法表示倍数的方法A+倍数+asas+BA+倍数+more than+BA+倍数+计量名词(数量、尺寸、长度、价格)+of+BA+倍数+that of+B-The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.-Ive paid ten times the usual price for the stamp.-The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.9.方式状语从句方式状语从句常用引导词：as,as if,how 特殊引导词：the way Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.反意疑问句1.当 陈 述 句 的 主 语 是 everyone,everybody,someone,somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything,something,anything,则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。例如:Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday,Nobody came,Anybody can read the book,Everyone thinks theyre the center of the universe,Nothing can stop us now,didnt they?did they?dont they?cant they?can it?2当陈述句是表示存在的句子时，简短问句用there 作形式主语。例如:There isnt a book on the table,is there?Theres something wrong,isnt there?There wont be any trouble,will there?3如果陈述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定词,如seldom,hardly,never,rarely,little,few,nowhere,nothing，则简短问句通常用肯定形式。但如果陈述句中仅包含有否定前缀，则简短问句中用否定形式。例如：He was unsuccessful,wasnt he?The rules are invariable,arent they?He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation,does he?He hardly knows anything about computer,does he?Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money,does he?4陈述句中是I am时，简短问句则用arent I。例如:I am an excellent English speaker,I am late,I must finish the work today,I am not late,arent I?arent I?mustnt I?am I?5陈述句中是非限定人称代词one时，正式文体中，简短问句的主语为one，而非正式文体中用you。例如:One must be honest,mustnt one?6含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。但如果主句是I think,I suppose,I believe,I suspect,I imagine 等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。例如：They agreed that the United States shouldnt make a war on Iraq,I suppose(that)he is serious,注意：否定词移位的情况，如：I dont suppose(that)he is serious,didnt they?isnt he?is he?7如果陈述句的谓语动词是have(当“拥有”讲时),简短问句可用have形式或用do形式。例如：You have a nice house,havent/dont you?但如果陈述句是否定形式时，简短问句中动词的选择则由陈述句中的动词形式而定。例如：He hasnt a house of his own,has he?He doesnt have a house of his own,does he?如果陈述句中的动词 have 表示“经历，遭受，得到，吃”的意思时，则简短问句中的动词用 do的形式。例如：You often have headaches,dont you?8.陈述句中动词为neednt时，简短问句通常用 need。例如:You neednt do it if you dont want to,need you?You neednt have told him the news,need you?9.陈述句中must后动词的类属和时态不同，反意疑问句也不同。例如:The food must be good,You must have read the book last month,You must see the doctor,（must表必要性，故用neednt）You mustnt do that again,(must表示“不可以”）didnt you?isnt it?neednt you?must you?10.当陈述部分是一祈使句时，简短问句则通常为 wont you,would you,can you,cant you,could you等，使语气婉转、客气。如果陈述部分的祈使句中含有第一人称时，如Lets do something,则简短问句为 shall we?例如:Do sit down,wont you?Shut up,can you?在否定的祈使句后，只能用will you。例如:Dont forget,will you?Lets go home,shall we?