专题五、一般将来时、be-going-to用法.doc

专题五、一般将来时、be-going-to用法

初中基础语法
--专题五、一般将来时、be going to用法

一、 一般将来时的动词形式
　　一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；或是打算计划以及决定要做某件事情等。常与tomorrow, next… , in （the） future，soon, in five days，in two weeks等连用。
　“I’ll, You’ll, He’ll , She’ll , It’ll, We’ll , They’ll …”　是简缩形式。
其结构有如下几种:
1.will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称)
注意：当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall.
She will come back in three days.
Shall we go to the zoo? 
I will be at home tomorrow.
2.be going to +动词原形 They are going to clean their classroom this afternoon. 

二．一般将来时的各种句型
1.肯定句：主语+shall /will+动词+其他.
　They will go shopping this afternoon.
　We shall be there before dark.
2. 否定句：主语+shall /will+not+动词+其他.
They will go shopping this afternoon.
We shall not be there before dark.
3.一般疑问句：shall /will+主语+动词+其他?
　Will they go shopping this afternoon?
　Shall we be there before dark?
4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+shall /will+主语+动词+其他?
　When will they go shopping?
　What sall I do?
5. there be的将来时：there will be
There will be a show in the park tonight.　

一、选择
1. _____you ____a doctor when you grow up?
　　 A Will; going to be   B Are; going to be  C Are; /   D Will; be
　2. He will be back _____a few minutes.
　　 A with  B for  C on  D in
　3. What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow?
　　 A will  B shall  C do  D are
　4. It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow. She is going to have a party.
　　 A is going to be   B will be   C will is   D will have
　5. Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11.
　　 A is  B is going to be   C will be   D will to be

　二、 用所给词适当形式填空
　　1. -“I need some paper.”　 - “I ____(bring)some for you.”
　　2.____ (be)you free tomorrow?
　　3. They _________(not leave) until you come back.
　　4. _____we_____(go) to the party together this afternoon?
　　5. There (be) a sports meeting in our school tomorrow.
　　6. I _____(go) with you if I have time.
　　7.Hurry up! Or we ______(be) late.
　　8.What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon?
　　9. Jenny ____ _____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.
　　10. If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.

be going to用法

be going to 是一种固定结构，其中"be"会根据主语的人称变化用"is, am ,are"，它后面要接动词原形。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next week，this morning/afternoon/evening, at night, this weekend, soon等。

1、 用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。这种主观意图，一般已做过事先安排，故其实现的可能性较大，其主语常是人。
We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.（安排）
2、表示根据现有情况、某种迹象，判断将要或即将发生的动作。
Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.（推测）
I”m not feeling well, I”m going to be ill. （表示说话人的感觉而已）

一、 陈述句
肯定句 主语+be(am / is / are) + going to +动词原形+其它。
They are going to see the car factory next week.
否定句:在be的后面加not.
They are not going to see the car factory next week.

二、一般疑问句
Be(am is are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其它?
—Are they going to see the car factory next week?
—Yes, they are. (No, they aren't.)

三、特殊疑问句
疑问词+be(am is are)+主语+ going to+动词原形+其它?
She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.
Who is she going to see this afternoon?

四、there be 句型的be going to 结构为：there is / are going to be... (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。
There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.

一、选择
(      ) 1.--What are you going to do this weekend?
           --I am going ____ my grandmother and grandfather.
          A. visit           B. to visit       C. visiting
(      ) 2.What ____ you want to be?      
A. are     B. does      C. do
(      )3. -- ___________.    --I’m going to the science museum.
A. What are you going to do this afternoon? 
B. What are you doing?
C. What are you?
(      )4. --______________ ___. --On foot.
A.   Do you go to school by bike every day?
B.  How do you go to school every day, Helen?
C. Do you walk to school every day?
(      )5.-- _______________.    --I usually read books.
A. What are you doing?   B. What do you do in the evening?

二．选择填空
when   what   where   how   what time   which   who
1.-______________ are you going？ - I am going to the Great Wall.
2.-_____________ are they going to school? -They go to school by school bus.
3.-_____________ are you going to the museum? –Tomorrow afternoon.
4.-_____________ are we going to buy? –We are going to buy some fruit.
5.-_____________ is she going with? –She is going to Beijing with her mum.

三．用提示词回答问题。
1．Where are you going this evening？（the cinema）

2．When are you going to take a trip？（tomorrow）

3．How are you going to the US？（plane）

易错点
1.There_________ a basketball match this afternoon.
A is going to be   B is going to have  C are going to be   D are going to have
2.I’m going _______(go) school by bike tomorrow. 
A to will go  B to go to  C go to  D to go
3. He will at school next Monday.
　A.is B.be C.are D.am　           
4. He is going to his homework after school.
A. does B.do C.did D.be

will和be going to有什么区别

答：be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，但它们的用法是有区别的。一、be going to主要用于：
1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情。eg.:
（1）What are you going to do today?
今天你们打算做什么？
Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京剧。
   (2) I’m going to play the violin.
我打算拉小提琴。
   (3) She’s going to play the piano.
她打算弹钢琴。
2、表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。eg:
(1) Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧！乌云密集，天要下雨。
(2) I am afraid I am going to have a cold.
恐怕我要患重感冒。
二、will主要用于在以下几个方面：
1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。eg:
(1) They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他们将去工厂参观。
(2) I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。eg:
(1) Today is Saturday.  Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。
(2) He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年这个时候他就（将）三十岁。
3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。eg:
(1) Will you please turn on the radio?    请打开收音机好吗？
(2) Will you go to the zoo with me?      你和我一起去动物园好吗？

综合练习
一、 用所给动词的一般将来时填空
1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I leave.
2. —How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?
 —About one more year.
 —What ______ you ______（do）after you leave here?
 —I ______（return）home and get a job.
3. I am tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
4. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.
6. —_____ you _____（be）here this Saturday?
 —No. I ______（visit）my teacher.
7. —______ I ______（get）you a copy of today’s newspaper?
 —Thank you.
8. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.
二、单项选择
1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
    A. is going to have    B. will going to be
C. is going to be    D. will go to be
2. Charlie ________ here next month.
      A. isn’t working    B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to working    D. won’t work
3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
       A. will be; is    B. is; is      C. will be; will be    D. is; will be
4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
       A. was    B. is going to have C. will have    D. is going to be
5. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
       A. will gives    B. will give       C. gives    D. give
7. – Where is the morning paper?   – I ________ it for you at once.
       A. get    B. am getting        C. to get    D. will get
9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
       A. There will be    B. Will there be C. There can be    D. There are
10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
       A. have    B. will have C. had     D. would have
11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
         A. gives    B. gave      C. will giving    D. is going to give
12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
       A. writes     B. has written C. will write    D. wrote
13. He ________ in three days.
     A. coming back    B. came back
C. will come back     D. is going to coming back
14. – Will his parents go to see the film tomorrow?  – No, ________ .
        A. they willn’t    B. they won’t.     C. they aren’t    D. they don’t.
15. We ________ the work this way next time.
       A. do    B. will do       C. going to do    D. will doing
16. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
     A. shall be    B. is going to be       
C. shall going to be     D. will going to be
17. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
          A. are having    B. are going to have C. will having    D. is going to have
18. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
           A. takes    B. will take      C. spends    D. will spend

三、把下列各句译成英语
1．我叔叔今晚要来。

2．他没有打算住那座小屋。

3．我们要读这本书。

4．—你爸爸要去钓鱼吗？—不，他要去游泳。