牛津译林版高中英语选修七Unit-1《Living-with-technology》语法讲练讲解.doc

Unit1 Living with technology语法讲解
Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs
动词的种类
动词的种类比较复杂，大致可以根据其在句子中的功用分为及物动词与不及物动词，连系动词介乎二者之间。
及物动词和不及物动词(Transitive and intransitive verbs)
1. 及物动词要求有直接宾语。如：John Ford himself opened the door to me.
2. 不及物动词则不需要宾语。如：The car stopped.
3. 及物动词可以有一个或两个（直接和间接）宾语或复合宾语。如：Mist clothed the hills. They gave him the first injection.
4. 只有及物动词可用于被动语态。如：The meeting will be held in the town hall.
5. 许多动词既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词。如：He turned his horse’s head and rode away. Tom turned towards Maggie.
6. 有些不及物动词有时可用作及物动词。如：He walked the horse to and fro.
7. 有些不及物动词用作及物动词时可后接同源宾语。如：Morell dreamed an extraordinary dream last night.
8. 有些动词形式相似，但一为及物动词，一为不及物动词，有lay与lie，raise与rise，set与sit等。如：They’ve raised a statue in memory of Robert Burns. The kite rises in the sky.
9. 有些及物动词常用作不及物动词以表示被动意义，这时主语往往是物而不是人。如The books sold out in a week.

连系动词(linking verbs)
1. 连系动词是一个表示谓语关系的动词。它必须后接表语。be 是最基本的连系动词。如：
(1) It is not late.
(2) Shelley was an atheist.
(3) He had been in Germany for five years.
(4) My idea is to go there right today.
(5) The problem is finding the right house.
(6) That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.
2. 常用的连系动词还有appear，bee，get，look，remain，seem等。如：
(7) Gradually he bee silent.
(8) Tenny’s face remained expressionless.
(9) The dish smells good.
(10) His explanation sounds all right.
3. 有些可以和形容词连用的动词也属于连系动词，有blow open，blush red，break loose，grow worse，fall ill，stand quiet，turn pale等。

含被动意义的主动语态形式
有些不及物动词（其主语大都指物）的主动语态可以表示被动意义。这种不及物动词有下 列几种：
1）某些连系动词，如smell，taste，sound，prove，feel等。
（1）The flowers smell sweet.
（2）The food tastes nice.
（3）That sounds very reasonable.
（4）The story proved quite false.
2）某些与can’t，won’t等连用的不及物动词，如move，lock，shut，open等。
（5）It can’t move.
（6）The door won’t shut.
3）某些可和well，easily等副词连用的不及物动词，如read，write，wash，clean，draw，burn，cook，photograph等。
（7）The cloth washes well.
（8）The poem reads smoothly.
（9）The cistern doesn’t clean easily.
（10）This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.
4）某些可用于“主+谓+主补”结构中的不及物动词，如wear，blow等。
（11）This material has worn thin.
（12）The door blew open.
有些不及物动词的进行时亦具有被动意义。如：
（13）Corn is selling briskly.
【注】上述不及物动词有些亦可用作及物动词，但二者有所不同。如：
① The door opened.
② The door was opened.
例①强调the door本身内在的特性，表明“门”本身可开可关，不强调动作的执行者；例②则相反，强调“门被人打开了”，与门本身的特性无关。

练习：
1. Parents _____ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply
2. —How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
—To be honest, his singing didn’t_____ to me much.
A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur
3. The new movie_______ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.
A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. opposes
4. Just as Professor Scotti often_____ it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude.
A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means
5. The Somali robbers’ frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to______ all nations to take immediate action.
A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on
6. The good thing about children is that they_____ very easily to new environments.
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply
7. —Are you happy with your new puter>
—No, it is____ me a lot of trouble.
A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing
8. It was already past midnight and only three young men_____ in the tea house.
A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted
9. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to______ a good teacher.
A. make B. turn C. get D. grow
10. The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus ______ the discovery of a vaccine（疫苗）of the disease.
A. stood for B. called for C. paid for D. contributed to
11.—Shall I pick you up tonight?
—No, thanks. Don’t ______ to e. I can take a taxi.
A. have B. bother C. worry D. annoy
12. Many people are curious about what it was that ______ you to leave America for China.
A. led B. let C. made D. had
13. Now that you have accepted the task, the only thing you can de now is ______ on how to fulfill it.
A. reflect B. try C. think D. act
14. —Why are the housing prices in big cities increasing？
—Because people are ______ in great numbers.
A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. hurrying
15. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.
A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made
16. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ______.
A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped
17. Linda, make sure the tables ______ before the guests arrive.
A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting
18. You’ve failed to do what you ______ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you.
A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected
19. The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ______ now.
A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained
20. —Hi, Torry, can I use your puter for a while this afternoon?
—Sorry. ______.
A. It’s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It’s being repaired D. It had been repaired
21. —What is the price of petrol these days?
—Oh, it ______sharply since last month.
A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased
22. —Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
—Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now.
A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading
23. —I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
—Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ______ now.
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned
24. My friend, who ______ on the International Olympic mittee all his life, is retiring next month.
A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
25. I _____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ______.
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
26. —Have you received Jack’s plan?
—Yes, but I don’t think his plan is______ .
A. worth being considered B. worthy to be considered C. worthy of considering D. worth to be considered
27. The new shirt you bought for me ______ very fortably.
A. is worn B. is wearing C. has worn D. wears
28. Now the world’s attention ______ the stocking markets, as they have great influence in the world’s economy.
A. is fixing on B. has fixed on C. is being fixed on D. had been fixed on
29. —Listen, Lily is playing the piano!
—Wow, how sweet the music ______!
A. is heard B. hears C. is sounding D. sounds
30. He didn’t see the notice that ______ “Keep Out” and walked in directly.
A. read B. printed C. told D. wrote

答案：
1-5 AAACC 6-10 ADBAD 11-15 BAACC
16-20ACDAC 21-25 CCBDC 26-30 BDCDA
　　5、关于坚持的名言，

你既然期望辉煌伟大的一生，那么就应该从今天起，以毫不动摇的决心和坚定不移的信念，凭自己的智慧和毅力，去创造你和人类的快乐。——佚名
　　6、最可怕的敌人，就是没有坚强的信念。——罗曼·罗兰
　　7、只要持续地努力，不懈地奋斗，就没有征服不了的东西。——塞内加
　　8、无论是美女的歌声，还是鬓狗的狂吠，无论是鳄鱼的眼泪，还是恶狼的嚎叫，都不会使我动摇。——恰普曼
　　9、书不记，熟读可记；义不精，细思可精；惟有志不立，直是无着力处。——朱熹
　　10、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下去。——康德
　　11、坚强的信念能赢得强者的心，并使他们变得更坚强。——白哲特
　　12、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。——佚名
　　13、立志不坚，终不济事。——朱熹
　　14、富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。——孟子
　　15、关于坚持的名言，意志目标不在自然中存在，而在生命中蕴藏。——武者小路实笃
　　关于坚持不懈的50条励志名人名言
　　16、意志若是屈从，不论程度如何，它都帮助了暴力。——但丁
　　17、只要有坚强的意志力，就自然而然地会有能耐、机灵和知识。——陀思妥耶夫斯基
　　18、功崇惟志，业广惟勤。——佚名
　　19、能够岿然不动，坚持正见，度过难关的人是不多的。——雨果
　　20、立志用功如种树然，方其根芽，犹未有干；及其有干，尚未有枝；枝而后叶，叶而后花。——王守仁
　　21、谁有历经千辛万苦的意志，谁就能达到任何目的。——米南德
　　22、不作什么决定的意志不是现实的意志；无性格的人从来不做出决定。——黑格尔
　　23、执着追求并从中得到最大快乐的人，才是成功者。——梭罗
　　24、有了坚定的意志，就等于给双脚添了一对翅膀。——乔·贝利
　　25、有百折不挠的信念的所支持的人的意志，比那些似乎是无敌的物质力量有更强大的威力。——爱因斯坦