2022天津市高考英语一轮阅读理解专题选练及参考答案3.docx

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Have you got some paper, a pair of scissors and, above all, a desire to decorate your house? Then, we have the perfect holiday artwork for you: Make Star Wars snowflakes (雪花). Remembered as a cherished form of work in classrooms before the holidays, paper snowflakes have drawn many people's attention again.
The designer, Anthony Herrera, just recently released his 2021 collection. "The Star Wars snowflake designs began as just doing designs of characters that I and my daughter wanted to make three years ago," Herrera told us in an email. "The second year I introduced vehicles, and this year I decided to push further by designing battle scenes."
Sometimes, he feels a bit bored with his job. With each year, the designs have got more detailed and various, but the process of creating them remained the same: sketching figures on paper with a pencil until a symmetrical (对称）pattern comes out, then scanning the designs and cut them with scissors. However, he says he has plenty of ideas for new flakes next year, so no two will ever be the same. Hopefully with Star Wars: Episode VII coming in 2021 he'll have even more work in the future.
Check out your favorite finished versions of Herrera’s flakes (from both 2021 and previous years) and download the pictures beneath them and then get down to creating your own work. A warning: Most designs aren't for the casual flake-maker, so patience you must have.
1. Making paper snowflakes draws many people's attention probably because ______.
A. it is a traditional form of decoration B. it is a course of artwork in school
C. it is a way of killing time in holiday D. it is designed by Anthony Herrera
2. From the text, we know that Herrera ______.
A. can make snowflakes with his daughter's help
B. made more complicated designs before 2021
C. introduced paper vehicles in 2011
D. will make a great variety of detailed paper flakes
3. Herrera is fed up with the job sometimes because ______
A. he has to design detailed and different patterns
B. he has to follow the fixed process of paper cutting
C. he spends much time designing, scanning and cutting
D. he has few ideas for what the next designs will be like
4. By writing the last paragraph, the author tries to ______.
A. offer us more information about Herrera’s paper cutting
B. tell us how to download picture of snowflakes
C. instruct people to be a real creative artist
D. remind us of being patient with Herrera’s designs
【参考答案】1—4、ADBC

【河北省唐山一中】 B
Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot(行李箱).
Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠) at Romney Marsin, Kent after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. “Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly,” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn’t force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”
Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench(扳子) and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.”
His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.
60. What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A. The Story of Mr. Johnson, A Sweet Salesman
B. Car Boot Can Serve As The Best Escape Route
C. Driver Escapes Through Car Boot
D. The Driver Survived A Terrible Car Accident
61. Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson?
A. The hammer. B. The coin. C. The screw. D. The horn.
62. “Finally it gave” (Paragraph 5) means that ________.
A. Luckily the door was torn away in the end
B. At last the wrench went broken
C. The lock came open after all his efforts
D. The chance was lost at the last minute
63. It may be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the ditch was along a quiet country road
B. the accident happened on a clear warm day
C. the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch
D. Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended
【参考答案】60—63 CBCA

Passage Sixteen (Crime in Computer)
   New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
   Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.
   A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.
   Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.
   Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders…. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.
   The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.

1.      How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?
[A].  7.         .  8.            [C].  9.        [D].  10
2.      What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer?
[A]. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.
. His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.
[C]. His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price.
[D]. His purpose is to steal important data.
3.      Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?
[A]. Sabotage of a university computer.
. Sabotage of a hospital computer.
[C]. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.
[D]. Sabotage of a factory computer.
4.      What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?
[A]. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.
. Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.
[C]. The computer can replace any weapons.
[D]. The function of a computer is just like a gun.

Vocabulary
1.   bizarre                  惊异的
2.   vandalism               破坏，有意破坏文化，艺术的行为
3.   cripple                  使瘫痪，减弱
4.   fence                   贼市，脏品买卖处
5.   neutralize               使成为无效
6.   affluent                 富有的
7.   recordkeeping            记录存贮
8.   havoc                  浩劫，大破坏
9.   resort to                求助于，借助于
10.  motivate                作为……的动机，激发
11.  extremist                过激分子，极端主义分子
12.  sprout                  萌发快速进展
13.  awesome               令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的
14.  vulnerability             易受攻击，脆弱
15.  devastation              劫持，破坏
16.  hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统
17.  hit man                 职业凶手（杀手）
18.  pool                   集中（资金）合办，入股
19.  criminology             犯罪学，刑事学

难句译注
1.      Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
[结构简析] 句子很长，都是简洁句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。
[参考译文] 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪供应了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。
2.      An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.
[结构简析] 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。
[参考译文] 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而特地从事脏品交易的市场据说在快速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用。
3.      A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.
[结构简析] 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。
[参考译文] 竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或减弱公司的操作运行力气，从而使其丢失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。
4.      The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.
[结构简析] 两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内接受too…to 句型，后跟分词独立结构进一步说明。
[参考译文] 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开拓了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力气，由于很多犯罪太简洁，一个集团难以驾驭，特殊是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。

写作方法与文章大意
文章介绍“计算机犯罪”，接受分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪——信息数据偷窃或信息（数据）犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最终是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有预备好。

答案祥解
1.      B. ８种，具体罪行。见难句译注１。
2.      B. 他的目的是减弱公司竞争力进而得到它。答案见难句译注２及其次段其次句起：“计算机破坏也可以和富有的投资者欲得到对手的公司的企图相连。随着公司对计算机记录存储的信任性加强，破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏。之后，对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很简洁在级低价格上买进。”
A. 减弱公司运转力气。　　　C. 在相当低的价格上买进对手的公司。这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面。　　D. 偷窃重要资料，文内没有讲。
3.      C 破坏隐秘训练基础。这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机。
A. 高校　　　B. 医院　　　　D. 工厂。　这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连，第三段讲的高校是“参与国防保卫工作的高校计算机措施”，和一般高校不一样。只有隐秘训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大，所以选C.
4.      B. 犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集团曾实行步骤暗杀政治领袖。医院的生命维护系统，试验室，大型外科手术中都用计算机。罪犯们很简洁把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维护系统计算机，罪犯们就像用枪一样很简洁杀死人。通过把握计算机，他们可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心。城市和国家都可以成为人质。谋杀具有新的形式，计算机可能成为２１世纪的事业杀手。”
A. 杀人不需要用枪。这话太笼统，不用枪，用什么。用毒药，用刀？　　C. 计算机可以取代任何武器。　　　　　　D. 计算机的功能就像枪，错误的。