A0400-69(2006)钢棒的成分及机械性能选择指南.pdf
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1、Designation:A 400 69(Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forSteel Bars,Selection Guide,Composition,and MechanicalProperties1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 400;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the y
2、ear of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection
3、 of steel bars accordingto section and to the mechanical properties desired in the partto be produced.This is not a specification for the procurementof steel.Applicable procurement specifications are listed inSection 5.1.2 Several steel compositions intended for various sectionsand mechanical proper
4、ty requirements are presented in Tables1-6.The criteria for placing a steel composition in one of thethree general class designations,Classes P,Q,and R(describedin Section 4)are as follows:1.2.1 Classes P and Q should be capable of developing themechanical properties shown in Tables 1-4 by liquid qu
5、enchingfrom a suitable austenitizing temperature,and tempering at800F(427C)or higher.Ahardness indicated by tests made ata location shown in Fig.1,A,B,or C,is taken as evidence thata composition is capable of meeting other equivalent mechani-cal properties shown in the tables.Normal good shop practi
6、cesare assumed,with control of austenitizing and temperingtemperatures,and mild agitation of the part in the quenchingbath.1.2.2 Class R should be capable of developing the me-chanical properties shown in Tables 5 and 6 as hot rolled,bycold drawing,or by cold drawing with additional thermaltreatment
7、.The locations for obtaining tension tests are de-scribed in 6.2.1.3 It is not implied that the compositions listed in the tablesare the only ones satisfactory for a certain class and mechanicalproperty requirement.Steels with lower alloy contents areoften satisfactory through the use of special pro
8、cessing tech-niques.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 108 Specification for
9、Steel Bar,Carbon and Alloy,Cold-FinishedA 304 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Sub-ject to End-Quench Hardenability RequirementsA 311/A 311M Specification for Cold-Drawn,Stress-Relieved Carbon Steel Bars Subject to Mechanical Prop-erty RequirementsA 322 Specification for Steel Bars,Allo
10、y,Standard GradesA 633/A 633M Specification for Normalized High-StrengthLow-Alloy Structural Steel PlatesA 675/A 675M Specification for Steel Bars,Carbon,Hot-Wrought,Special Quality,Mechanical Properties3.Significance and Use3.1 If the desired mechanical properties are as described in4.1.1 for mater
11、ial identified as Classes P-1 through P-7,or in4.1.2 for material identified as Classes Q-1 through Q-7,thestrength level desired can be based on hardness or theequivalent tensile or yield strength as shown in Tables 1-4.Ifthe desired mechanical properties are as set forth in 4.1.3 formaterial ident
12、ified as Classes R-1 through R-6,the strengthlevel is based on yield strength as shown in Tables 5 and 6.3.2 The user,after determining the mechanical propertyrequirements of the critical section(that carrying the greateststress)of the part,should select the composition or composi-tions from Tables
13、1-6 that fulfills these requirements and ismost suitable for processing.4.Classification4.1 Steel bar compositions under this practice are classifiedaccording to mechanical property requirements and the criticalsection size of the part to be produced,as follows:4.1.1 Classes P-1 through P-7 comprise
14、 bars for parts tooperate under severe service conditions requiring high yield1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.15 on Bars.Current edition approved March 1,2006.Published Apri
15、l 2006.Originallyapproved in 1956.Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 400 69(2000).2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary
16、 page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.strength(90 000 psi(621 MPa)and over),good ductility,andrelatively high notch toughness.The applicable section sizes,identified as Classes P-1 through P-7,are shown
17、in Table 7.The steel compositions suitable for Classes P-1 through P-7and for various desired mechanical properties are listed inTables 1 and 2.4.1.2 Classes Q-1 through Q-7 comprise bars for partsoperating under moderate service conditions requiring moder-ate to high yield strength(75 000 to 185 00
18、0 psi(517 to 1276MPa),corresponding tensile-strength levels,and good ductil-ity.The applicable section sizes,identified as Classes Q-1through Q-7,are shown in Table 7.The steel compositionssuitable for Classes Q-1 through Q-7 and various desiredmechanical properties are listed in Tables 3 and 4.4.1.
19、3 Classes R-1 through R-6 comprise bars for partsrequiring a lower yield strength(30 000 to 120 000 psi(207to 827 MPa),with fair to good ductility.The applicablesection sizes,identified as Classes R-1 through R-6,are shownin Table 7.The steel compositions capable of developing thevarious desired mec
20、hanical properties are listed in Tables 5 and6.5.Applicable Procurement Specifications5.1 For procurement of steel,it is recommended that thefollowing ASTM specifications of latest issue be used:Speci-fication A 108,Specification A 304,Specification A 311/A 311M,Specification A 322,Specification A 6
21、33/A 633M,and Specification A 675/A 675M.TABLE 1 Steels for Moderately Quenched PartsClasses P-1 Through P-7(Applicable to oil-quenching or equivalent rate of heat-removal.)NOTE1Steels listed as approved for a certain section or strength may be used for lighter sections and lower strengths.NOTE2Stee
22、l composition numbers correspond to SAE,AISI,or ASTM designations.Those in italics are no longer considered standard grades dueto decreased usage.NOTE3An H-steel with the same grade designation as a standard SAE-AISI steel is capable of meeting the same section and strength requirementsas the standa
23、rd steel(see Specification A 304),and is the preferred method of specification.NOTE4Steels having a maximum carbon content of 0.40%or over,or a hardness of HB 293 or over after heat-treating,are not recommended forapplications involving welding.Desired MinimumHardnessEquivalentTensileStrength,psiAEq
24、uivalentYieldStrength,psiAMinimumBAs-QuenchedHardnessClassP-1P-2P-3P-4P-5P-6P-7Diameter of Round(or Distance Between Faces of Squareor Hexagonal)Sections,in.CTo12,inclOver12to 1,inclOver 1 to112,inclOver 112to 2,inclOver 2 to212,inclOver 212to 3,inclOver 3to 312,inclThickness of Flat Sections,in.CHB
25、HRCHBHRCTo 0.3,inclOver 0.3 to0.6,inclOver 0.6to 1,inclOver 1to 1.3,inclOver 1.3to 1.6,inclOver 1.6to 2.0,inclOver 2.0to 2.3,incl229 to 293,incl20 to 33,incl110 000 to145 000,incl90 000 to125 000,incl388421330413050B3051328630Over 293to 341,inclOver 33to 38,inclOver 145 000to 170000,inclOver 125 000
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