高二英语上学期单元质量评估检测试题35.doc

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Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing

,　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P69])

现在完成进行时

一、现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋动词的现在分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have。
二、现在完成进行时的肯定式、否定式、一般疑问式及其回答
　列表如下：(以动词work为例)

肯定式
否定式

一般疑问式及其回答
Has
Have
Yes，has.
Yes，have.

No，hasn’t.
No，haven’t.
三、现在完成进行时的用法
表示发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍继续进行下去，动词常用延续性动词，并常带有表示动作起始时间的状语，如since last week，since 1992等，或是since引导的时间状语从句；也可以是带有表示时间段的状语，如for an hour，for a few days，these days等。
I have been writing the letter since then.
从那时起我一直在写这封信。
We have been studying for nearly 3 hours.
我们已经学了近3个小时了。
表示不久前刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
Sorry！I’m late.How long have you been waiting for me?
很抱歉！我来迟了。你等我多长时间了？
四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用于现在完成时。如：see，hear，know，have，like，be等。
(×)He has been having a cold for two weeks.
(√)He has had a cold for two weeks.
他已经感冒两个星期了。
不具有延续意义的动词，如finish，come，go，marry等不能用现在完成进行时。
五、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
1．完成性
现在完成时的“已完成”用法强调动作的完成，现在完成进行时侧重于表示未完成。
I’ve dialed four times.I don’t think anyone is in the office.我已经拨了四次电话了，我认为办公室里没人。
I’ve been dialling.I don’t think anyone’s in the office.
我一直在打电话，我认为办公室里没人。
2．动作的持久性
现在完成时表示动作过程的持续性，而现在完成进行时更强调动作延续时间的长久性。
I have stayed in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周。
I have been staying in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周了。
3．动作的频繁性
现在完成时同某些频度副词或数字连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作，现在完成进行时可以表示断断续续地重复的动作，但不能同表示具体次数和具体数字的词并用。
I’ve posted a dozen postcards，but received none.
我已寄出一打贺卡了，可一张别人的也没收到。
I’ve been posting postcards since early December.
自十二月初开始，我一直都在忙着寄贺卡。
I’ve read this book Pride and Prejudice several times.(√)
I’ve been reading this book Pride and Prejudice several times.(×)
《傲慢与偏见》这本书我已经读过好几遍了。
4．感情色彩
现在完成时感情色彩不浓，而现在完成进行时带有较为强烈的感情色彩。
You have been disturbing me.
你一直在打断我的话。
Someone has been speaking ill of me.
有人在一直说我的坏话。
5．其他用法
(1)现代英语中，像lie，rest，wait，stay，sleep等谓语动词更倾向于用现在完成进行时。
The baby has been sleeping for about ten minutes.
这孩子已经睡了大约十分钟了。
(2)It is＋一段时间＋since＋从句时，从句一般用过去时。
(3)It/This is＋the first time＋从句，从句往往用现在完成时。

Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确时态完成下列句子
1．You should go to bed.You________________(watch)TV for 5 hours.
2．I________________(learn)English since ten years ago.
3．I________________(look)for him everywhere.Where can he be?
4．They________________(help)us since five o’clock this morning.
5．I________________(work)in this school since I graduated from college.Now I am still working here.
6．You know，I________________(look)for a job for three months，and this is my first formal interview.
7．My sister________________(stay)in Beijing for three months.
8．The little boy is dirty all over because he________________(play)in the mud all the morning.
9．He________________(read)in the library since it opened this morning.
10．Here he is！We________________(wait)anxiously for him since last night.
答案：1.have been watching　2.have been learning
3．have been looking　4.have been helping　5.have been working　6.have been looking　7.has stayed　8.has been playing/has played　9.has been reading　10.have been waiting
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我们找了你一个小时。
We __________________ you for an hour.
2．她毕业后一直在教英语。
She __________________ English since she graduated.
3．他这个星期来看她好几次。
He __________________ her several times this week.
4．虽然我一直在想着她，但是我不能见她。
I ________________________ her but I can’t see her.
5．我已经睡了至少8个小时了，可还是觉得累。
I __________________ for at least 8 hours，yet I still feel tired.
答案：1.have been looking for　2.has been teaching　3.has called on　4.have always been thinking of　5.have been sleeping

,　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P71])

如何写调查报告(Ⅱ)

写法指导
调查报告属于应用文的范畴，旨在将调查结果真实、详细、有条理地呈现出来。有关调查报告的英文书面表达题目多以图表作文的形式呈现。题目往往要求我们根据要求将图表信息以文字的形式呈现出来。
1．结构安排
根据所给图表的数目及题目所要求呈现的信息的种类等确定段落结构。如“典题示例”要求对图1的信息进行描述，针对图2中的一个数据所反映的情况分析原因并发表个人看法，那么我们可以把段落确定为2～3个。以两段为例，第一段描述图1的信息，第二段针对图2中的一个数据进行具体分析，并发表个人看法。
2．开篇
开篇要明确地指出所做调查的目的，这样也就明确了调查报告所要传达的是哪方面的信息。
3．主体段落
主体段落是呈现调查信息的段落，对于图表类调查报告而言，主体段落是最终实现图文转换的段落。
写主体段落时要注意以下几个方面：
(1)圈定所要转换的信息时，要在题目的具体要求下提取信息，并对信息进行明确的分类。
(2)重组信息时，要注意根据题目要求去确定信息表述的详略，重要的信息要明确、详细地说明，一般的了解性信息一笔带过即可。
(3)对所给信息的转述要使用不同的表达方法，反映在文章中也就是要使用不同的词、词组、句型等。
4．末段
末段通常用于对调查结果进行总结，也就是根据调查结果推出一个结论，或是针对调查结果发表个人的看法。写此段时要注意结论的客观性、看法的合理性。不可妄加评断。
常用句式
1．We have made a survey about...
2．In order to work out/find out/...we made a survey...
3．The survey we made recently shows that...
4．It can be concluded that...
5．We can make a conclusion that...
6．In conclusion...
7．In my opinion...

写作要求
下面是某高中对150名高三学生睡眠时间不足及其原因所作调查的结果。请根据图1提供的信息描述高三学生的睡眠情况，并针对图2中任何一个数据所反映的情况分析原因，并提出你的看法，词数100左右。
参考词汇：图表chart

审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
应用文
话题
高三学生的睡眠情况
时态
一般现在时为主
人称
第三人称为主
词句推敲
1．词汇
①做调查　　　　　　　____________________
②有足够睡眠 ____________________
③熬夜 ____________________
④感到更清醒 ____________________
⑤充分利用白天时间 ____________________
⑥用更有效的方式 ____________________
答案：①make a survey　②have enough sleep　③stay up　④feel more refreshed　⑤make the best of daytime　⑥in an effective way
2．句式
①62%的学生每天睡觉少于7小时，37%的学生能睡七到八个小时。
一般表达：Sixty­two percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each day.Thirty­seven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hours.
高级表达：(用while改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②我们可以得出结论大部分高三学生睡眠不足。
一般表达：We can conclude that most of Senior 3 students don’t have enough sleep.
高级表达：(用that引导同位语从句改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③从图2我们了解到大部分高三学生没有足够睡眠的原因。
一般表达：From Chart 2，we learn why most Senior 3 students don’t have enough sleep.
高级表达：(用why引导定语从句改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①Sixty­two percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each day，while thirty­seven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hours.
②We can draw a conclusion that most of Senior 3 students don’t have enough sleep.
③From Chart 2，we learn the reasons why most Senior 3 students don’t have enough sleep.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
We have made a survey recently about how much time Senior 3 students can sleep every day among 150 students in a senior high school.The result shows that sixty­two percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each day，while thirty­seven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hours.However，only one percent of the students say they can sleep for over eight hours.We can draw a conclusion that most of Senior 3 students don’t have enough sleep.
From Chart 2，we learn the reasons why most Senior 3 students don’t have enough sleep.One of the reasons is that thirty­five percent of the students stay up late studying hard.I think it unwise to do so.We should sleep well at night and wake up feeling more refreshed.So we can make the best of daytime and study better in an effective way.

,　　　　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书单独成册])

课时作业12　(A卷)

Ⅰ.品句填词
1．Those cats ____________(scream) for hours.
2．We ____________(wait) for him for two hours.
3．The dollar ____________(climb) steadily all week.
4．He ____________(help) himself to my stationery.
5．The children ____________(have) a lot of fun.
6．She is very tired.She ____________(work) all morning.
7．Tom ____________(see) about a work permit for you.
8．The tobacco industry ____________(try) to improve its image.
9．It has come to our knowledge that you ____________(cheat) the company.
10．The group ____________(live) in a remote corner of the Cambodian jungle.
答案：1.have been screaming　2.have been waiting　3.has been climbing　4.has been helping　5.have been having　6.has been working　7.has been seeing　8.has been trying
9．have been cheating　10.has been living
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Have you ever thought of taking a train and having an adventure？Riding the train can be a real adventure.That is how I feel every time I take Amtrak.I often take a four­hour trip to visit my children.Every time I take this trip I never know what will happen.
Last week when I was on the train，there was a man sitting by himself in the back of the train carrying on a mobile phone conversation in another language.It was loud and disturbed most of the people on the train.I think it was annoying.
Fortunately I sat next to a wonderful old lady who was taking a two­day trip by train.She said her two daughters were worried at the thought of driving for three days to reach her home，although she had no trouble driving.The train ride was the only choice for her.She loved to look out of the window and watch the world go by on the train.
She was fun to talk to and asked me when my children started being parents.That is a very good question.Both of us are old and have children.She asked that same question from time to time.
There are always many people on the train from all walks of life(各个阶层)，different countries，and many languages.Riding the train is a great way to increase your knowledge and learn all kinds of cultures.If you get hungry，you can buy food in the food car at any time.If you need to use a restroom，there is always one for you.
It surely beats driving the car，which has to stop for food and restrooms.And it is better than taking the bus.
【解题导语】　作者乘坐火车去看望自己的孩子，在火车上遇到了一位老太太及其他形形色色的人。作者认为乘坐火车有各种各样的好处。
1．According to the passage，the purpose of the author’s train ride was________．
A．to do business
B．to see her children
C．to visit places of interest
D．to see her old friends
解析：选B。细节理解题。从第一段的I often take a four­hour trip to visit my children.可知，B项正确。
2．In the author’s opinion，on the train Amtrak________．
A．the services are quite good
B．the food is terribly expensive
C．all the passengers are polite
D．all the passengers are Americans
解析：选A。推理判断题。从倒数第二段可知，在火车上任何时候都可以买到食物，任何时候都有厕所可以使用，说明火车上的服务很好。
3．What is the best title for this passage?
A．A painful experience on the train
B．A wonderful lady
C．Train ride—a cultural experience
D．The history of Amtrak
解析：选C。标题归纳题。本文介绍了乘坐火车可以见到来自不同国家不同阶层的人，体验多种语言，因此乘坐火车是一种文化的体验。
4．What does the underlined word“disturbed” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A．干扰　　　　 B．打坏
C．击毁 D．混乱
解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据语境可知，disturbed应为“干扰”之意。
B
If you have a chance to go to Taiwan, there’s one place you should not miss—the Taipei Palace Museum which has around 650，000 pieces of ancient Chinese Treasures.These treasures were originally in the Palace Museum in Beijing.But how did they get to Taiwan?
In 1931, the Japanese invaded the northeast part of China.To protect the national treasures from the Japanese, the government of China decided to move some important pieces to Nanjing.
However, they did not stay long in Nanjing.In 1949, the People’s Liberation of Army won in the Liberation War.The Guomindang government went from Nanjing to Taiwan.Along with them they took the art pieces.The Taipei Palace Museum was set up in 1965 to hold the national treasures.
Taiwan people are very proud of the Taipei Palace Museum.Some of the collections are world famous.One of them is the “Jade Cabbage”．It is carved from a single piece of jade.If you take a close look, you can see two grasshoppers on the leaves, a large one and a small one, which were the symbol of many children in a family.
If you are interested in the treasures, you could take a look at a 12­eposode documentary called Taipei Palace Museum.China Central Television showed it recently.It gives a picture of the treasures of the Taipei Palace Museum.There are also interviews with over a hundred experts about the stories behind some of the pieces.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了台湾故宫的基本情况。
5．The treasures in the Taipei Palace Museum are mainly from ________．
A．Taiwan B．Japan
C．Shanghai D．Beijing
解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段提到的“These treasures were originally in the Palace Museum in Beijing.”一句可知选D。
6．The treasures stayed in Nanjing for about ________ years.
A．10 B．16
C．18 D．34
解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段叙述可知1931到1949共18年。
7．From the last two paragraphs we can learn ________．
A．Taiwan people are proud of the Taipei Palace Museum because of its world famous collections
B．the most famous art piece in the museum is the “Jade Cabbage”
C．two grasshoppers on the leaves stand for two sons in a family
D．you can learn about these treasures by visiting the Taipei Palace Museum
解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后两段的叙述，尤其倒数第二段第一句可知选A。
8．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．The most famous art piece —Jade Cabbage
B．The Beijing Palace Museum
C．A place of interest —Taiwan
D．The Taipei Palace Museum
解析：选D。标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了台湾故宫博物馆的基本情况。
课时作业12　(B卷)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I have a rule for travel：Never carry a map.I prefer to ask for directions.
Foreign visitors are often puzzled in Japan because most streets there don’t have names.In Japan，people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names.For example，the Japanese will say to travelers，“Go straight down to the corner.Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market.The post office is across from the bus stop.”
In the countryside of the American Midwest，usually there are not many landmarks.There are no mountains，so the land is very flat(平坦的)．In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles.Instead of landmarks，people will tell you directions and distance.In Kansas or Iowa，for example，people will say，“Go north two miles.Turn east，and then go another mile.”
People in Los Angeles，California，have no idea of distance on the map.They measure distance by means of time，not miles.“How far away is the post office？”you ask.“Oh，”they answer，“It’s about five minutes from here.”You say，“Yes，but how many miles away is it？”They don’t know.
People in Greece sometimes do not even try to give directions becaus