北京科技大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf
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1、目录2011年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列词语译为汉语(15分)1micro-blog【答案】微博2Intellectual Property Rights【答案】知识产权3extreme weather events【答案】极端天气事件4Non-governmental organization【答案】非政府组织5Millennium Developme
2、nt Goals【答案】千年发展目标6Kyoto Protocol【答案】京都议定书7knowledge-based economy【答案】知识经济8regulatory regime【答案】管理制度9energy structure【答案】能源结构10moon probe【答案】月球探测仪11climate change mitigation and adaptation【答案】减缓和适应气候变化12bull/bear market【答案】牛市/熊市13APEC【答案】亚太经合组织14WHO【答案】世界卫生组织15IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织二、将下列词语译为英语(15分)1小康社会【答案
3、】a moderately prosperous society2灰色收入【答案】gray income3节能减排【答案】conserve energy and reduce emissions4猪流感【答案】Swine flu/swine influenza5经济全球化【答案】Economic globalization6有毒奶粉【答案】tainted milk7可再生能源【答案】renewable energy sources8保障性住房【答案】indemnificatory housing9黄金周【答案】golden week10贸易自由化【答案】trade liberalization
4、11综合国力【答案】Comprehensive National Power12财政政策【答案】fiscal policy13经济刺激一揽子计划【答案】stimulus package14负增长【答案】negative growth15人口老龄化【答案】aging of population三、将下列段落译为汉语(60分)1In no other country is the public as aware of or as interested in what theWTO is and what it means for their future.In China,countless nu
5、mbers ofbooks and articles have been published,and numerous television and radioprograms aired,on this subject.Just type in the words“China and the WTO”on any Internet search engine and you will find hundreds of websites devotedto this topic.In the WTO,China has shown a desire to play a significant
6、rolein shaping the future direction of the organization and to ensure success in theDoha Round.And we need China to play this role,and support the efforts toput the Round back on track,by helping to build a bridge that will serve theambitions of both the developing and the developed world.【参考译文】任何一个
7、国家的公众对WTO本身和WTO对他们将来影响的认识和兴趣,都没有中国的公众这么高。关于WTO的主题,中国有数不胜数的书籍、文章、电视和广播节目。只要在因特网的搜索引擎中键入“中国和WTO”,你会找到数百个网站,包含这样的信息。在WTO,中国非常愿意发挥重要的作用,规划WTO未来的发展方向,保证多哈回合的成功。我们需要中国发挥这样的作用,我们支持中国为使谈判重新纳入轨道而做出努力,我们希望中国能够发挥桥梁作用,帮助发展中国家和发达国家实现自己的梦想。2It is impossible for any country to prosper today under the burden of ani
8、nefficient and expensive service infrastructure.Producers and exporters ofany product will not be competitive without access to efficient banking,insurance,accountancy,telecoms and transport systems.Chinas financialservices sector,in particular,has a huge potential to expand and to providekey servic
9、es to companies and consumers.Without the spur of competitionthey are unlikely to excel in this role and this will be the detriment of overalleconomic efficiency and growth.Chinas services sector also needs to obtainthe know-how and technology applied in services industries in moredeveloped countrie
10、s.China has,so far,played an active role in the servicesnegotiations.It needs to maintain this constructive approach and helpconvince other developing country members to be more active in the servicesnegotiations.【参考译文】对于当今的任何一个国家而言,想要在基础服务服务设施效率低下又价格昂贵的情况下得到繁荣发展是不可能的。若是没有有效的银行体系、保险、财务、电信和运输系统的支撑,任何
11、商品的制造商和出口商都是毫无竞争力可言的。尤其是中国的金融服务行业在扩大公司规模,增加消费者数量和提供核心服务方面有着巨大的潜力。没有竞争的推动,金融服务行业不可能做得更好,这将不利于整体经济效率提升及发展。中国的服务行业也需要掌握发达国家服务业中使用的专业知识技能和技术技巧。到目前为止,中国在服务业谈判调解中发挥着重要作用。中国需要保持这种有建设性的做法,并帮助说服其他发展中国家成员更加活跃地参与到服务业谈判中来。四、将下列短文译为英语(60分)我在查经班(Bible Class)里曾经闹过一个笑话,这个笑话对于我以后学英语应注意的地方,是十分有用的。那天我们上课时,天忽然乌云四合,不久便下
12、了瓢泼大雨。我当时正在学副词,只记了个副词可以形容动词。于是我说:Its raining hardly。这时候埃德加小姐(Miss Edgar)便说:Its raining hard。可是第一次我还没有听明白,再说一句Itsraining hardly。埃德加小姐严肃地看了我一眼,又说一句Its raininghard。我猛然感觉到自己一定把hardly这个字用错了,但还不知道错在哪里。下课后埃德加温和地对我说,读书时要勤查字典,明白各个字的不同变化。这个故事给我的教训颇为深刻,导致我以后勤查字典的习惯。事情已经过去半个多世纪,但这个教训还深深埋在我的记忆里。【参考译文】A ridiculou
13、s error I made in the Bible class turned out to of great help to mein my later studies.One day,when I was in class,it suddenly clouded overand rained heavily.I was then learning English adverbs.Thinking that anadverb could modify a verb,I said,“Its raining hardly.”Miss Edgarresponded by saying,“Its
14、raining hard.”But I failed to understand it andrepeated my own sentence,“Its raining hardly.”She gave me a stern glanceand said once more,“Its raining hard.”Then I suddenly realized that theremust be something wrong with the word“hardly”though I didnt know why.I kept quiet and felt very uneasy.After
15、 class,she told me very gently that inorder to know the different functions of a word,I should frequently loop up adictionary.To avoid embarrassing me,she had chosen not to directly pointout my error in the classroom.She wanted me to discover and correct theerror by myself.The small incident,however
16、,gave me a deep lesson.It hasresulted in my habit of consulting a dictionary frequently.This lesson Ilearned more than half a century ago is today still deeply engraved in mymemory.2012年北京科技大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉互译短语翻译(30分)1OECD【答案】经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Cooperationand Development)2CPI【
17、答案】居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index)3ASEAN【答案】东盟(Association of South East Asian Nations)4UN Security Council【答案】联合国安理会5Weapons of massive destruction【答案】大规模杀伤性武器6Nuclear proliferation【答案】核扩散7Euro debt crisis【答案】欧债危机8人民币汇率机制【答案】Renminbi exchange rate mechanism9共同但有区别的责任原则【答案】common but differentiated r
18、esponsibilities principle10以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展【答案】the Scientific Outlook on Development,which upholds people-oriented,comprehensive,balanced,and sustainable development11世界博览会【答案】World Expo12宏观调控【答案】macro-control13实体经济【答案】the real economy14京都议定书【答案】Kyoto Protocol15经济适用房【答案】affordable housing二、将下列段落译为汉
19、语(25分)Americans entrepreneurial self-esteem is now embodied by Apple,Google,Facebook and Amazon.These are indeed fabulously innovative companieswith world-class business models.Yet one wonders if they are increasinglythe exception,not the rule,and if the passing of Mr.Jobs is simply the mostprominen
20、t example of a broader decline in American entrepreneurship.According to JPMorgan,employment at start-up companies regularly grew1.2m per quarter in the late 1990s.That has fallen to 700,000 since thecurrent recovery began.Entrepreneurship and innovation,of course,are not the same thing.Yet evenif A
21、merican innovation is fundamentally sound,there remains the moreunsettling problem of how narrowly its fruits are shared.If you want to knowwhy the Senate is on the verge of passing a bill punishing China for its tradepractices,look no further than this fact:Apple,Google,Facebook andAmazon collectiv
22、ely employ just 113,000 people,a third of GMs payroll in1980.Naturally,as Adam Smith pointed out long ago,the sole purpose ofproduction is consumption,so one should not scoff at the benefits thesecompanies create for Americans in their other role as consumers rather thanworkers.And in truth,technolo
23、gical advancement has probably done farmore than trade to hollow out the middle class and widen inequality.Slapping China with punitive tariffs is more likely to trigger a trade war thanrestore millions of middle-class jobs.【参考译文】现在,美国人的那种企业家的妄自尊大就体现在苹果、谷歌、脸谱网和亚马逊上。这些传奇一样的公司经营模式都是世界上独一无二的。也许有人会想这些公司
24、的发展会不会越来越超出常规,乔布斯的去世是不是代表着美国工商企业家能力的下降。摩根大通的研究结果显示,90年代后期新兴企业里的雇佣人数每个季度增长 120万,但自打经济开始复苏后就下降到了70万。当然,领导力量和创新是不能相提并论的。就算美国的创新能力再强,他们也面临着悬而未决的问题,就是只有少部分人能享受到创新带来的好处。如果你想知道为什么美国因为贸易问题急着通过法案惩罚中国,看看下面这个事实就知道了:苹果、谷歌、脸谱网和亚马逊加起来雇用的美国人才有区区11.3万人,只有 1980年通用公司的三分之一。当然,亚当史密斯很久之前也指出过,生产的唯一目的就是消费,所以这些公司是通过让美国人做消费
25、者而不是劳动者来给他们带来好处的,我们也没理由加以嘲笑。但事实上,相比贸易,技术进步可能对中产阶级的影响更大,也加剧了不平等。对中国实施惩罚性关税极有可能引发贸易战,而不会恢复上百万的中产阶级就业岗位。三、将下列段落译为汉语(25分)Born in Hawaii,raised for some of his childhood in Indonesia,BarackObama has since his election wanted to be known as Americas first PacificPresident.Until recently,he has not done mu
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