口语对话3—10.doc

3. Should higher education be an elite education? Should higher education be available to all students or only to good students? Please state your opinions.
A: Hi, Good morning! Do you know the big news yesterday? About that famous university!
B: Yes. The news reports that in this year that university's new enrollment application is still very strict, the competition is fierce.
C: En, it is very strict every year, and entering this university is the dream of many students.
D: Well, I always have a question: Should higher education be an elite education? And what do you think?
A: In my view, the answer is no. I think higher education should be a mass education. That is to say, the higher education should be available to all students or only to good students. The higher education shouldn’t be an elite education.
B：Yeah，as I know, some scholars believe that the development of higher education go through the three stages. If the gross enrollment rate of higher education is below 15%, it is the elite stage of higher education.
C: I agree with you. Higher education is more extensive than the elite education, and the elite education is only a form and a stage of higher education.I've seen this theory too. He also said that if the enrollment rate of it is from15% to 50%,it belongs to the mass stage of the higher education,and if more than 50%,that is the popularization stage of higher education.
D: From this definition, the elite education is just a particular concept of the higher education theory, rather than its entirety. As we all know, higher education is the further education after the middle school. This learning will undoubtedly improve the knowledge level and the overall quality of learners. What is your opinion about this?
A: I think what you said are very clear and reasonable. I also agree with him very much. So the higher education should be available to all students or only to good students. Therefore, the popularization of higher education will help to stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, and promote the cultural development of the whole society.
B:That's right. The elite education is just one stage,and if higher education is limited in the elite education, it will certainly lead to the troubles and problems. It advocates false self-worth, makes the students be far away from the real human nature, and be into the superficial temptation.
C:It is true. There are many problems in the elite education. In a way, it is not conducive to the real personal development, but also to the whole society.It brings a bad,utilitarian and impetuous atmosphere.Education is every one’s basic right, as long as we cherish this right, we get more knowledge.
4. Please give your comments on the pros and cons of cosmetic surgery.
A: In recent years, more and more people choose to take cosmetic surgeries, They want to leave others an impressive image.Especially some young girls.what do you think of cosmetic surgery?
B: In today’s society people have more and more pressures about their jobs, families, life positions and so on. Someone think that if they have the nature beauty, they will have more opportunities. So many people like going on a cosmetic surgery. They think the beauty can be bought. I agree with them. What is your opinion about this?
A: I do not like this. Having a cosmetic surgery is very dangerous. If the doctor not having a god-technology. If the surgery were happening an accident, you were not having a cosmetic surgery, it’s a disfigurements.What is your opinion about the advantages of it?
B: Cosmetic surgery made girls younger, energetic and confidence.Every girl wants to be beautiful. No one doesn’t like the cosmetics. Lipstick, Eye Shadow and many others. I agree with people who want be beautiful to do the cosmetic surgery. Because I think the beauty in today’s society is becoming a very important competitive factors. Do you agree with me?
A: I think a mistake during cosmetic surgery can lead to irreversible damage to one’s face and body, and may even cause death. If the man-made beauty appears everywhere, we will see everybody is the same. The same eyes ,same noses ,even same faces .It is so awful.
B: But you know what, as the wealthy and middle-class segments of the Chinese population expand - and as celebrity culture takes an even firmer hold - people are becoming more conscious of their looks and are willing to go to great lengths to enhance them.
A: Our appearance is a gift of parents. Everyone should have his own personality .Beauty is only skin-deep, virtue is more important than appearance. So I think we should not attempt to change nature. Another thing that they need to take into consideration is the cost of 
 cosmetic surgery. I also think cosmetic surgery as a waste of money.
B:OK, Everything has its two sides .I share part of your view on the cosmetic surgery .
5. When choosing first names for their children, parents may have different reasons. Please illustrate the major reasons.
A. When choosing first names for children, parents may have different reasons. Today we will talk about the major reasons our parents may have. What is your opinions about this ?
B.Well,I know there are several ways parents choose the first name for their child. The first way is by family history. Parents may choose a name because it is passed from generation to generation; for example, the first born son might be named after his father or grandfather. Although family names are also passed to daughters, it is usually as a middle name. Adding "junior" or "the second" for example, William Parker the seconds only done with boys', not with girls’ names. The second way parents choose a name is after a family member or friend who has died recently, or after someone "they admire, like a well-known leader or a famous musician. Although most English first names mean something, for example, "Richard" means powerful and “Ann" means grace, Do you agree with me ?
A.I agree with you, but nowadays meaning is not the main reason people select their baby's name. another way is to provide a "push" for the child. Parents want to choose a name that sounds very "successful." A strong name might help them in the business world, for example. Or they might choose a name that works for either gender, like Taylor or Terry. Do you agree with me ?
B.Yes I agree with you . But sometimes I think Many parents choose a name simply because they like it, or because it's fashionable or classic. Fashions in names change just as they do in clothes. One hundred years ago, many names came from the Bible names such as Daniel, and Anna, and Hannah and Matthew. Then fifty years ago, Biblical names went out of fashion.
A.Yeah,Nowadays, names from the Bible are becoming popular again. Similarly, parents often choose classic names, names that were popular in 1900, 1950, and are still popular now. Classic names for boys include Thomas, David, Robert, and Michael. And for girls: Anna, Elizabeth, Emily, and Katherine, just to name a few. They're classic. They never go out of style.
6. Do you agree with the saying that English is a global language? Why or why not? Please state your reasons.
A: Today’s topic is English as a global language. I know many of us speak English as a second language, right? Today, I want to ask you whether English is a global language? What is your opinion about this ?
B: I think English is obviously a global language. I believe English is the language people all over the world use to communicate, and that it is gradually replacing other languages. What about you?
A: I think English is not truly a global language because it is not the main language spoken by people worldwide. And though many people speak some English worldwide, English has not replaced other languages. I acknowledge that people use English every day, for many reasons, but this doesn't mean English is replacing other languages, nor does it make English the main language spoken in the world. Can you tell me some reasons why you hold your opinion?
B. I agree with the saying that English is a global language. First of all, English is the dominant language of business, travel, and science. When people need a common language, they often use English. Think about it. English is often used at tourist information centers, in international hotels. If you use a taxi in Rome, and you can't speak Italian, the taxi driver is more likely to use English than any other languages. It is use at business meetings and international sports events. The European Union uses English, along with French, at its meetings.and educational settings are a great example. In fact, most people who use the Internet know English. This helps support the view that English is a global language. What about you?
A. I don’t agree with the saying that English is a global language, Idon't believe English has replaced other languages. Because there are about three times as many people who speak Chinese as their first language as those who speak English as a first language. in many countries where some people use English for work each day, they don't use English anywhere else. Even in English-speaking countries, there are millions of people who prefer to speak a language other than English at home, with friends, or at work.
B:So, I think it's safe to say that English will continue to be the main language used in many international settings because, as I said earlier, people all over the world need a common language.
7.What are the characteristics of a phobia（恐惧症）? What are the two theories about the causes of phobias? Please give a brief report of phobias.
A:Today we're going to talk about a fairly common kind of psychological problem-a phobia.As you probably know, a phobia is a fear, so do you have phobias or fear? What are the characteristics about it?
B: Phobia, as far as I know, including places phobia, social phobia and specific phobias, the object of specific phobia is usually a particular object or scene, such as insects, blood, or injectionand so on.It's worth noting that, a phobia is not a normal fear, it is an extreme fear―a very strong fear. Psychologists have come up with three characteristics of a phobia. First, a phobia is not a rational response. It's a very strong reaction, too strong for the situation. Second, a phobia often lasts for a long time, for months or even years or the whole life. Third, the reaction is too strong for a person to control.What is your opinion about the causes of phobias?
A: I've seen a book said phobia is learned, this means something happens that causes someone, or in a sense "teaches someone" to free afraid. For example, one could have learned to be afraid of dogs if he was attacked and injured by one as a child. Yeah, I have seen that theory, It also says thatPeople can learn to have phobias by watching how other people react.In fact, doctors find that phobias tend to run in families. Whenever a child and his mother were together and saw a dog, his mother would get very scared, very nervous. When the child saw how his mother reacted, he would then gradually become very scared, too.
B:There is another theory says that a phobia is only a sign of a deeper problem. This means that the phobia isn't the whole problem. For example, a patient was very afraid of the dark, but the real reason is his father made him sit in a dark the room when he did something bad when he was young. Do you have some ideas about how to treat the person?
A: According to the first theory, if a phobia is learned, perhaps it can be unlearned, on the other hand, the doctor’s objective, or goal, is to help the patient reveal the deeper psychological problem, because it will be easier to treat the phobia if the deeper problem is identified and worked on as well.
B:As we discussed, phobia is a kind of complex psychological and physiological diseases, but psychologists, like any scientists, have to continue to do research, to learn, and to test treatments we believe will be effective based on research. Treatments improve the more we learn.
8.Please describe three waves of immigration in the USA. (e.g. Where did the immigrants come from? Why did they choose to immigrate? etc.)
A:Immigration happens all over the world. Immigration means move to another
country to live there indefinitely. As we know there were several waves of
immigration into the U.S. Let’s talk briefly about immigration, the history of
immigration to the U.S., and the story of diversity in the U.S.Do you know something about this?
B:Yes, it Is accepted that there are three big waves in American history, the first wave of immigrants in the seventeenth century. Most immigrants were from Western Europe.The second big wave of immigration happened between 1840 and 1920, and the third wave, the period from 1965 to the present time, many people in Latin America and Asia began to immigrate to America in last two waves. Can you tell me something about the first wave?
A:Let’s concentrate on the first wave. In the colonial period, People were not prohibited from immigrating by the British; anyone could come.Life was difficult, some people felt it was worth the risk to have a better life in the colonies. But about 20 percent of the population at this time was African American. However, most of them were brought from Africa as slaves.What about the second wave?
B: I’ll give some information about the second wave. About 37 million people came to the U.S during this wave. The industrial revolution had been in Europe, causing a big shift from farming to factory jobs. Many left for the U.S., hoping to continue doing the farming jobs they knew.About 80 percent of these second wave immigrants were from all over Europe. Well,It's worth noting thatLatin America and Asia include Chinese began to immigrateto USA, mostly as contract workers.Similar to the first stage, in 1891, the U S. Congress created the INS, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, to control immigration, in 1892, the INS opened Ellis Island, in New York Harbor.What about the third stage?
A:yeah,Until the third stage, the number of control has been implemented, in 1965, the quota system was abolished. Instead, a limit of 290,000 was set on the total number of people who could enter each year. During the 1970s and 1980s, about 80 percent of the immigrants were from Latin America and Asia, and only 20 percent were from Europe and elsewhere.Compare the second and third waves, we can see that in the second wave it was mostly Europeans, and in the third wave it was mostly Latin Americans and Asians. Again, economic opportunity was the main reason people immigrated.Do you have another idea about this topic?
B:well,In recent years, many people in the U.S. have come to realize that the country's greatest strength is the diversity of its people. So, the old melting pot ideal has been replaced with the ideal of cultural diversity, with recogniz