初中英语被动语态专题.doc
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1、。中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析【命题趋势】被动语态是各地中考重要考点之一,考察内容主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时以及含有情态动词的被动,考察题型主要是选择题,词汇应用和翻译句子等,预计2019年被动语态的考察重在适当语境中应用被动,动词填空,完成句子等为主考点。【概念讲解】语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,汉语往往用被,受,给等词来表示被动意义,英语里的被字句就叫被动。被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。Eg: Hewrotethelette
2、r.(主动语态)Theletterwaswrittenbyhim.(被动语态)被动语态的时态变化只变be的形式,be后面的过去分词不变,也就是说被动结构中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化【主动语态变被动的方法】1. 把主动语态里的宾语变为被动里的主语2. 把主动语态里的谓语动词加be作为被动里的谓语3. 把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。(by短语可省略, by后的代词用宾格)【主动变被动解题步骤】 1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的形式 -即原句动词改为过去分词5. 修改原句的主语 -即
3、by+(原主语/代词则用宾格).Eg: They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are made by them主变宾,宾变主, 谓动be done 时不变,人称、数、格随着变小试牛刀: (2018宁夏模拟)teenagers have to be 18 years old before they _to drive a car. A are allowed B is allowed C will be allowed D allow 【被动的几种句式】 肯定句:主be + 过去分词(by )否定句:主语be not 过去分词(by )一般疑问句:Be 主语
4、过去分词(by )? 特殊疑问句:疑问词(5W1H)be主语过去分词 (by ) ?小试牛刀:(2018宁夏预测卷)English is widely used around the world.(试变成以上几种句式) 【考点归纳:】1、五种常考基本时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时)和带情态动词的被动语态用法。一般现在时:amisare及物动词的过去分词Eg:Imaskedtotakecareofmyself.Footballisplayedallovertheworld一般过去时:was/were + 及物动词的过去分词Eg:The house was built in
5、1988 His leg was broken in the car accident.一般将来时:will/shall +be +及物动词的过去分词 Eg:More factories will be built in the future. 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词Eg :We have been learnt English for 15 years. Luxun s book has been translated into many languages.带情态动词的被动语态:“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。Eg: Teenagers should be a
6、llowed to choose their own clothes.含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词be过去分词”构成,即can/may/must/should + be+过去分词1. We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.2. They should do it at once. It should be done at once.【主变被的特殊情况】1. 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态即feel , hear , listen , have , make , le
7、t , look , watch , see , notice ,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to,但变被动句时必须加to. Eg: He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.(他昨天让那男孩工作了两小时) The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV . I am never let to watch TV by mother.2、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的用法:英语中有一些动词可以接双宾语,如tel
8、l,show,buy,ask,pass,write,do,make,sell,send,sing,give,answer,teach,offer,pay,promise,allow等,即是说这些动词后面会同时出现人和物做宾语,指物的叫直接宾语,指人的宾语叫间接宾语。变为被动语态时如果指物的宾语作主语,指人的宾语前要用介词for或to。常见的接双宾语的动词有: to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”当主语时,变法和一般的变法一样;以“物”当主语时,在保留的间接宾语(人)前必须加to
9、或for.Eg:he gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by him.3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态不及物动词没有宾语,因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后,其作用相当于及物动词,才可以接宾语,因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时,不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词. 常见动词短语的被动语态 take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look aft
10、erbe looked after下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加by be covered with 用覆盖着 be interested in 对感兴趣 be surprised at 对感到惊奇 be made of (from)用制造的【常见被动句式】 在汉语中,有一类句子不需要出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如:1.据说Itissaidthat2.据报导Itisreportedthat3.据推测Itissupposedthat4.希望Itishopedthat5.众所周知Itiswellknownthat6.普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsidere
11、dthat7.有人建议Itissuggestedthat8.It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.)that.大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为).9 It is(was)taken for granted that.被视为当然10.It must be remembered that.务必记住.11. It mustnt be forgotten that.千万别忘记.12.It is(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.)例句:1)Itisreporte
12、dthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.【典型例题】 ( )1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d( )2. In the art show,a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give
13、 D has given( )3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught( )4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards( )5. Usually
14、 computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used( )6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned( )7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact,it _.Thats all because of the people and the fact
15、ories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute( )8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A. is started B. was started C. has started( )9. -I feel
16、 very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen( )10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year,and they made our school a beautiful garden Aplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted( )11.Some famous paintings _in the hall next week.
17、A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown( )12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives( )13.-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _ these d
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