跨文化交际期末.doc
《跨文化交际期末.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《跨文化交际期末.doc(8页珍藏版)》请在咨信网上搜索。
1、定义题1. What is “intercultural munication”? P6refer to munication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their munication event. There are three kinds of things you need to learn if you want to be able to municate effectively with Westerners. First, you need to learn a
2、foreign language, usually English. Second, you should learn as much as possible about Western cultures. However, studying English language and Western culture is not enough. You should also learn something about what happens when people from different cultures try to municate with each other in othe
3、r words, intercultural munication. 2. What is a culture? P13 A culture is essentially a group of people who carry many of the same ideas in their heads. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of sh
4、ared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people3. What are stereotypes?P13 Stereotypes means very broad generalizations such as “British people are polite,” “Americans are friendly”, and so forth. It is a derogatory word. It mean
5、s that image, idea, character that has bee fixed or standardized in a conventional form without individuality and is therefore false and shallow. Stereotypes may have a basis in fact, but they are too broad and shallow, and they give us the mistaken idea that a peoples culture can be summed up easil
6、y in a few short , simple statements. Stereotypes are also dangerous because they may trick us into believing that knowing a few stereotypes is the same thing as understanding another culture.4. What does “interpretation” means?P24 A very important aspect of intercultural munication is “interpretati
7、on”, the process of deciding what foreigners words and actions mean and why they do what they do. For example, when Xiao Li tries to understand why the taxi driver asked for so much money, she is “interpreting” his behavior.5. Individualist p32Individualist culture is one in which people tend to vie
8、w themselves as individuals and emphasize the needs of individuals. In general, Western culture tends to be individualist. They view themselves as independent of collectives; are primarily motivated by their own preferences, needs, rights, and the contacts they have established with others; give pri
9、ority to their personal goals over the goals of others; and emphasize rational analyses of the advantages and disadvantages to associating with others.6. Collectivist P32Collectivist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations),
10、and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals. Most Asian cultures, including Chinas, tend to be collectivist. People see themselves as parts of one or more collectives; are primarily motivated by the norms of, and duties imposed by, those collectives
11、; are willing to give priority to the goals of these collectives over their own personal goals; and emphasize their connectedness to members of these cultures.7. What is “hierarchy”?P50 Hierarchy is differences in rank and power. Every society has hierarchy to some degree. In other words, some peopl
12、e have higher rank and more power than others, perhaps because they are older, stronger, wealthier, or have some kind of official position. 8. What is “culture shock”?P58 “Culture shock” is often used to describe what happens whenever a person encounters a culture different from his or her own. The
13、term culture shock describes what happens when a sojourner from culture A goes to live in culture B, and needs to adapt to life there. The constant effort and uncertainty of dealing with a foreign language and culture can lead to a condition called “culture shock”. It is a feeling of being confused
14、and overwhelmed by life in another culture. People who experience culture shock often feel fatigued, impatient and irritable. They may also begin trying to avoid interaction with foreigners, and even bee increasingly critical and hostile toward them. Foreigners in China sometimes experience culture
15、shock and so do Chinese who go to live in other countries. 9. Low context P66 The way to municate tends to be relatively explicit and direct. In other words, people tend to put most of heir ideas and feelings plainly and openly. Its generally considered a good thing to “get the point” and “say what
16、you mean”, and it is largely the speakers responsibility to ensure that his/her message is stated in a way that is clear and easy to understand.10. High context P66High context is more indirect and subtle and listeners are expected to take more responsibility for interpreting messages correctly. Peo
17、ple are expected to pay much attention to the context in which munication takes place and when people interpret what others mean, they often give more weight to the context than to the actual words said. In fact, people in high context cultures often view direct, explicit munication as unsophisticat
18、ed or even rude.11. What is “projected cultural similarity”? P74Projected cultural similarity is a phenomenon which is the tendency to assume that people from other cultures basically think and feel more the same way we do. In other words, we sometimes assume that while foreigners may look different
19、, dress differently, and speak different languages, inside we are all more or less the same. 12. “Loose” cultures P83“Loose” culture do not demand a high degree of conformity. In loose cultures, people have a relatively wide range of views as to what is considered normal behavior. Of course, such cu
20、ltures have some consensus on what is and is not considered appropriate behavior, but the consensus is not very strong and there is often much disagreement. People in loose cultures also tend to be relatively tolerant of behavior that does not conform to cultural norms.13. “Tight” cultures P83Tight
21、cultures expect a relatively high degree of conformity. There is a clear consensus as to what is and is not acceptable behavior, and there is more pressure on people to conform to the norms of the culture.14. What is “ethnocentrism”? P93Ethnocentrism is the tendency to think of ones own culture as b
22、eing at the center of the world in other words, to assume that ones own cultures way of thinking and acting is more natural, normal, and correct than the way people from other cultures think and act.15. What are “in-groups” and “out-groups”? P107 In-Groups: “In-groups” are the people we have the mos
23、t in mon with and identify most closely with, such as our family, classmates, or co-workers. We also have larger in-groups such as people who are from our own region, religious group, ethnic group, or nation. Out-groups: out groups are those groups of people who we do not identify with-people from o
24、ther families, regions, ethnic groups, or nations. Toward outsiders, we tend to be more critical, suspicious, and willing to pass harsh judgments.16. Collectivist cultures Collectivist generally have a high sense of loyalty and obligation to their in-groups, and will often go to great lengths to hel
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 文化 交际 期末
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【精***】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【精***】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。