江苏专用高考英语大二轮复习与增分策略专题一语法知识第十三讲代词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第十三讲代词,专题一语法知识,栏目索引,考点,1,none,，,nothing,，,no one,的区别,考点,2,none,，,neither,，,all,，,both,，,either,，,any,的区别,考点,3,one,，,it,，,that,，,those,的区别,考点,4,it,的用法,考点,5,another,，,(the)other,，,(the)others,的区别,考点,6,复合不定代词,解题方法,方法,1,明确指代法,方法,2,理清逻辑法,强化练,(,十三,),解析,句意为：,Niki,总是有很多想法，但是据我所知，没有一个想法有用。,nothing,什么都没有，没有东西；,no one,指人，故选项,B,错误；,neither,两者都不，语意不符；,none,既可指人，也可指物，故此题选,D,。,Niki,is always full of ideas,，,but _ is useful to my knowledge.,(2015,四川，,10),A.nothing,B.no,one,C.neither,D.none,考点,1,none,，,nothing,，,no one,的区别,答案,解析,考点归纳,1.none,可与由,of,连接的人或物组成短语，而,nothing,，,no one,不可。,None of us went to the concert last night.,昨天晚上我们中没有一个人去听音乐会。,2.none,回答,How many.,或,How much.,的问题，而,no one(nobody),和,nothing,则分别用来回答,Who.,和,What.,的问题。,How many students in your class went to the lecture?,None.,你们班有多少学生去听报告了？,一个也没有。,Who did you see enter the lonely house?,Nobody.,你看见谁进了那间僻静的房间？,没看见一个人。,3.none,可以指代前面提到的人或物；,no one(nobody),和,nothing,没有这种作用。,He has a brother,，,but I have none.,他有一个兄弟，而我一个也没有。,1.The research group produced two reports based on the survey,，,but _ contained any useful suggestions.(2015,福建，,21),A.all,B.none,C.either,D.neither,解析,句意为：这个研究组发布了以这个调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。根据题干中的,two reports,和,but,可知，此处表示,“,两者都不,”,，所以用,neither,。,答案,解析,1,2,考点,2,none,，,neither,，,all,，,both,，,either,，,any,的区别,2.When shall I call,，,in the morning or afternoon?,_.I,ll be in all day.(2014,江西，,32),A.Any,B.None,C.Neither,D.Either,解析,句意为：,我什么时候打电话过来，早晨还是下午？,都可以，我一直都在。根据句意可知是在早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择。,A,、,B,两项通常都表示三者或三者以上的情况；,neither,表示两者都不；,either,表两者中选择其一。,故,D,项符合题意。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.none,表示三者或三者以上都不；,neither,表示两者都不。,2.all,表示三者或三者以上都,；,both,表示两者都,。,3.any,表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个；,either,表示两者中的任何一个。,1.In many ways,，,the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.(2016,浙江，,3),A.that,B.this,C.one,D.it,考点,3,one,，,it,，,that,，,those,的区别,解析,句意为：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的并没有很大的不同。代词,that,指代前文中出现的,the education system,。,this,这个；,one,泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个；,it,指代上文提到过的同一事物。根据语境可知应选,A,项。,答案,解析,1,2,2.The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.(2015,天津，,2),A.that,B.one,C.it,D.this,解析,句意为：这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时，指代前面的,the quality of education,要用,that,。,one,与,that,虽可用来指代同名异物，但,one,为泛指，相当于,“,a/an,名词,”,；,that,为特指，相当于,“,the,名词,”,。,one,所指代的名词的修饰语一般为,a/an/some/any,；,that,所指代的名词的修饰语往往是,the/this/that,。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.it,所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物，而,one,所代替的是同类事物中的,“,一个,”,，,one,a/an,名词，它可以用来代替可数名词单数，其复数形式是,ones,。,I can,t find my,pen.Do,you see it?,我找不到我的钢笔了。你看见它了吗？,I need a bike but I have no money to buy one.,我需要一辆自行车，可我没钱买。,2.that,the,名词，它既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，它所代替的也是同类事物。,His behavior was not that of gentleman.,他的行为不是正人君子的行为。,3.those,替代上文中提到的复数名词，既可指人，也可指物，,those,指人时，后须跟定语。,Those who break the law will be punished.,那些违反法律的人会受到惩罚。,1.How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you,？,(2015,浙江，,12),A.them,B.one,C.those,D.it,考点,4,it,的用法,解析,句意为：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想？固定表达,how would you like it if.,，在此结构中,it,代替后面,if,从句的内容。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,2.Who,s that at the door?,_ is the milkman.(2014,大纲全国，,25),A.He,B.It,C.This,D.That,解析,句意为：,谁在门口？,是送奶员。由语境可知，此处指,“,不知道性别的某个人,”,，要用,it,表示，故,B,项正确。,this,与,that,均为指示代词，但是没有此用法。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,3.Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(2014,山东，,4),A.that,B.this,C.it,D.her,解析,根据句意和句子结构可知从句,“,她想为自己创造新生活,”,是,make,的真正宾语，故空格处应填入形式宾语,it,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,4.An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,，,making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.(2014,浙江，,3),A.each,B.it,C.this,D.one,解析,句意为：去年平均降雨量仅为,18.75,厘米，使其成为自,1850,年加利福尼亚成为州以来最干旱的一年。由语境可知，空格处替代前面提到的,last year,，为同名同物的指代，用,it,。,each,每一；,this,这个；,one,一个，泛指,“,同类当中的一个,”,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,考点归纳,1.it,作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词或从句。,It,s no use arguing with him.,与他争辩是没有用的。,2.,注意下列句型中的,it,(1)It is,时间段,since.,自从,以来多久了,(2)It was,时间段,before,过去时,多久以后才,(3)It will be,时间段,before,一般现在时,多久之后才能,(4)It won,t be long before.,不久就,(5)It is/was,被强调部分,that/who.,(6)It is(high)time that,should do/,一般过去时,到了,的时候了,(7)It be(just)like,sb.to,do.,像某人做某事的风格,(8)It be,the,序数词,time,that.,这是某人第几次做,(9)I dislike it when.,我讨厌,1.To warm himself,，,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against _.(2015,陕西，,13),A.another,B.the,other,C.other,D.either,考点,5,another,，,(the)other,，,(the)others,的区别,解析,句意为：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示,“,两者中的一个,另一个,”,用,one.the other.,。,答案,解析,1,2,2.In some countries,，,people eat with chopsticks,，,while in_,，,knives and forks.(2014,福建，,21),A.another,B.others,C.both,D.all,解析,句意为：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，然而在另一些国家，人们用刀子和叉子。,some.others.,是固定用法，意为,“,一些,另一些,”,，故选,B,项。,答案,解析,1,2,考点归纳,1.other,作前置定语，修饰单数或复数名词。,I,ll come again some other day.,我改日再来。,2.another,用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的,“,另一个,”,，所修饰名词前不加冠词。,I don,t want this,one.Please,give me another.,我不想要这一个，请给我另一个。,3.the other,表示两者中的,“,另一个,”,或两部分中的,“,另一部分,”,，是特指。,She has two,children.One,is a boy,；,the other is a girl.,她有两个孩子，一个是男孩，另一个是女孩。,4.others,用作代词，泛指,“,其他人,”,或,“,其他物,”,。,Some say yes,，,and others say no.,有人说对，有人说不对。,5.the others,指整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。,There are fifty-five students in our,class.Thirty,of us are girls,；,the others are boys.,我们班有五十五个学生，三十个是女生，其余的是男生。,1.The meeting will be held in September,，,but _ knows the date for sure.(2015,重庆，,2),A.everybody,B.nobody,C.anybody,D.somebody,解析,句意为：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的,but,表转折，根据句意可知应选,nobody,。,考点,6,复合不定代词,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,2.I think,Mrs,Stark could be _ between 50 and 60 years of age.,(2014,大纲全国，,28),A.anywhere,B.anybody,C.anyhow,D.anything,解析,句意为：我认为斯塔克夫人可能在,50,到,60,岁之间。,anywhere,在任何地方；,anybody,任何人；,anyhow,不管怎样，无论如何；,anything,任何事情。实际上本题中含有固定搭配,anywhere between.and.,，意为,“,数目在,之间，大约,”,，该固定搭配也可用,anywhere from.to.,表示。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,3.Good families are much to all their members,，,but _ to none.,(2014,江苏，,34),A.something,B.anything,C.everything,D.nothing,解析,句意为：优秀的家庭对她的成员来说意味着很多，但绝不是全部。,everything to none,为部分否定，相当于,Good families are not everything to any one of their members.,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,4.You can ask anyone for help._ here is willing to lend you a hand.,(2014,安徽，,24),A.One,B.No,one,C.Everyone,D.Someone,解析,句意为：你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意为你提供帮助。由前半句设置的情景可知，所填词应为,everyone,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,5.A smile costs _,，,but gives much.(2014,重庆，,1),A.anything,B.something,C.nothing,D.everything,解析,句意为：微笑是无需付出任何成本的，但是却给予很多。,cost nothing,意为,“,无需付出,”,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,考点归纳,some-,类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，,any-,类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。当,some-,类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时，表示希望得到肯定回答。,any-,类复合不定代词用于肯定句时，表示,“,任何,”,之意。由,-one,和,-body,构成的不定代词可以互换使用。,方法,1,明确指代法,在解答代词类题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体来说应从以下几方面考虑：,(1),代词指代的是人还是物；,(2),代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词；,(3),代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念；,(4),代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；,(5),代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。,解题方法,典例,1,The cost of renting a house in central,Xi,an,is higher than _ in any other area of the city.,A.that,B.this,C.it,D.one,解析,句意为：西安市中心的房租比这个城市内其他地段的房租都贵。首先将此句改为：,The cost of renting a house in central,Xi,an,is higher than the cost in any other area of the city.,，然后考虑用,that,代替特指的不可数名词,the cost,。,答案,解析,典例,2,The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country.,A.so,B.much,C.that,D.it,解析,句意为：她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。句中,for her to get a job in that country,是动词不定式的复合结构作,made,的宾语，,difficult,是宾语补足语，此处要用,it,作形式宾语，其他词没有这种用法。,答案,解析,方法,2,理清逻辑法,理清逻辑法主要是通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系来做出正确判断。具体来说应从以下方面去考虑：,(1),代词所表示的范围；,(2),代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。,典例,1,If our parents do everything for us children,，,we won,t learn to depend on _.,A.themselves,B.them,C.us,D.ourselves,解析,句意为：如果我们的父母为我们这些孩子做了所有的一切，我们就学不会独立。由句意和句中的,we,可排除,A,、,B,两项；空格处用反身代词作宾语与主语保持一致。,答案,解析,典例,2,You are a team star,！,Working with _ is really your cup of tea.,A.both,B.either,C.others,D.the,other,解析,句意为：你是一个有团队精神的人，与别人合作对你来说太容易了。,others,其他人；,both,两者都；,either(,两者之中,),任一的；,the other,两者中的另外一个。,A,、,B,、,D,三项均不符合句意。,答案,解析,强化练,(,十三,),1.Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to _ their children compared with _ of their parents.(2017,扬州中学期中，,26),A.educating,；,those,B.educate,；,one,C.educating,；,that,D.educate,；,it,解析,句意为：十分之九的父母说，在教育孩子的方法上，他们与自己的父母有显著的不同。,approach to,中的,to,是介词，后接动词时应用,-,ing,形式；第二空填,that,，指代,the approach,。,those,指代复数名词；,it,指代同名同物；,one,指代的是,“,a/an,名词,”,，均不正确，故选,C,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2.Heading out on the waters in search of whales is a routine he does,，,and _ he hopes won,t be lost if whale-watching goes the way of so many mass tourism attractions.(2017,溧水高级中学二模，,21),A.which,B.one,C.it,D.that,解析,句意为：在水中搜寻鲸鱼是他所做的一件日常工作，一个他希望不会丢失的日常工作，如果观赏鲸鱼走的是这么多大众旅游景点的老路的话。填入的,one,在句中代指,a routine,，符合句意。,it,指代同名同物；,that,指代,“,the,名词,”,，是特指，均不正确。故选,B,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,3.She dislikes _ when others speak ill of her behind her back.,(2017,宿迁青华中学月考，,26),A.that,B.those,C.it,D.them,解析,句意为：她不喜欢别人在背后说她的坏话。动词,like,，,enjoy,，,dislike,，,appreciate,，,hate,等后不能直接跟宾语从句，先用,it,作形式宾语，再接宾语从句。故,C,项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,4.Almost 90%of the most popular video games contain violence,，,and much of _ is extremely violent.(2017,启东中学月考，,34),A.which,B.it,C.them,D.those,解析,句意为：在最受欢迎的电子游戏中几乎,90%,都有暴力成分，并且其中有些是极其暴力的。由题干中的,much,一词可知其修饰的应该是前面一句话中的,violence,而非,video games,，且句子有,and,一词连接，故用,it,指代前面的,violence,。故选,B,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,5.Women,s Day is around the corner,，,and I,m considering buying a gift for Mum,，,_ that is to her taste.(2017,南京九中模拟，,21),A.one,B.which,C.the,one,D.for,which,解析,句意为：妇女节就要到了，我在考虑为妈妈买一个礼物，一个符合她胃口的礼物。这里使用代词,one,指代上文的,a gift,，故选,A,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,6.He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads,，,_ that had the best color.(2017,南京学情调研，,21),A.those,B.ones,C.it,D.one,解析,句意为：他建议农民们挑选最好的谷穗，那些颜色最好的。分析句子成分可知，空格处为特指，指代上文的,the best seed-heads,，结合句意可知,those,符合题意。故选,A,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,7.Which day shall we go on a picnic next week?,Make it _ day you like,，,for it makes no difference to me.,(2017,苏锡常镇四市一模，,22),A.one,B.any,C.another,D.other,解析,句意为：,我们下周哪一天去野餐？,你想定在哪一天都行，因为对于我而言没什么区别。,any,任何一个，符合句意。,one,一个；,another,另一个，再一个；,other,其他的，别的。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,8.During each NBA season,，,basketball fans cheer on their favorite teams to make _ through.(2017,南京、盐城二模，,31),A.it,B.them,C.that,D.those,解析,句意为：在每个,NBA,赛季，篮球迷们都会为他们最喜欢的球队欢呼，坚持到最后。,make it through,熬过，坚持到底，为固定短语，此处用,it,指,NBA,赛季，故选,A,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,9.A lot of suggestions were put forward at the meeting,，,but _ was practical.(2017,苏北六市联考，,33),A.nothing,B.none,C.neither,D.no,one,解析,句意为：很多建议在会上被提出，但是没有一条是实用的。,nothing,没有任何东西；,neither,两者都不；,no one,没有任何人，相当于,nobody,；,none,没有一个，既可以指人也可以指物，相当于,no suggestion,，故选,B,项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,10.Never shall I forget that poem and the inspiration _ provided for my first novel.(2017,泰州中学摸底考试，,33),A.which,B.that,C.it,D.what,解析,句意为：,我永远忘不了那首诗歌和它给我的第一本小说提供的灵感。这里,inspiration,后面是定语从句，关系代词省略，定语从句还缺少主语,that poem,，用,it,指代前面的,that poem,，所以选,C,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,11.The volunteers provided the lonely elders each with an overcoat,，,_ could help them keep warm through the winter.(2017,扬州期末，,21),A.one,B.that,C.it,D.one,that,解析,句意为：志愿者们给每位孤寡老人提供了一件外套，一件可以让他们温暖过冬的外套。,one,作,an overcoat,的同位语；,that,引导定语从句修饰,one,，在从句中充当主语。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12.A young person is said to have behavior disorder when his or her behavior is noticeably different from _ expected in the school or community.(2017,盐城三模，,24),A.one,B.ones,C.that,D.those,解析,句意为：当一个年轻人的行为明显不被学校或社区所认可时，他,(,她,),就被认为有行为障碍。空格上应该是指代,the behavior,，故选择,that,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,13.,“,Made in China 2025,”,aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power,，,_ driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity.(2017,盐城阜宁中学模拟，,21),A.the,one that,B.one,that,C.one,D.the,one,解析,句意为：,“,2025,中国制造,”,的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。句中的,driven by,是过去分词短语,(be driven by,被,驱使,),作定语，因此不需要连词引导。所以排除,A,、,B,两项。,one,表示泛指，相当于,“,a,名词,”,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,14.In public places,，,improved child-care facilities will benefit _ genders,，,not just women.(2016,苏锡常镇调查二，,21),A.both,B.all,C.either,D.other,解析,句意为：在公共场所，改善儿童保育设施将受益于两性，而不仅仅是妇女。,both,两个；,all,所有，指三者以上；,either,二选一；,other,其他的。结合句意可知此处表示男女两种性别，故选,A,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,15.Echo is always complaining about her job as a cashier,，,but frankly it,s _ to have a job in these difficult days.(2016,南通三模，,26),A.anything,B.everything,C.something,D.nothing,解析,句意为：,Echo,老是抱怨她那份出纳员的工作，但是坦率地说，在这些艰难的日子里，有一份工作就该知足了。,It,s something to do,为固定句型，其中,something,意为,“,重要的事,”,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,16.Students are not required to take the TOEFL or the IELTS test but we welcome the submission of your score if you have taken _.,(2016,江苏百校联考，,24),A.both,B.none,C.either,D.neither,解析,句意为：不要求学生参加托福或雅思考试，但是如果你参加过其中的任意一种，我们会欢迎你提交你的考试成绩。前文提到两种考试，设空处指的是两种中的任意一种，如果选择,both,，,your score,应该用复数形式。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,17._ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.(2016,泰州二模，,22),A.Nobody,B.Anybody,C.Somebody,D.Everybody,解析,句意为：没有人能够忍住不被科幻小说带给我们的科幻世界着迷。,can,t help but do,sth,.,can,t help doing,sth,.,，意为,“,忍不住做某事，情不自禁做某事,”,。,nobody can help but do,sth,.,相当于,everybody can,t help but do,sth,.,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,18.The wedding dress of the Princess is noble and elegant._ is the beauty of this style that it will be popular with young women.,(2016,泰州二模，,27),A.It,B.So,C.Such,D.That,解析,句意为：公主的婚纱既高贵又优雅。这个款式是这么的美以至于它很快会受到年轻女性的欢迎。这里是,such.that.,结构，,such,指代这种情况，,so,后面要接形容词或副词。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,19.The speech contest is due to be held next,week.See,to _ that you,re ready on time.,No,problem.I,have been preparing for it recently.,A.everything,B.all,C.yourself,D.it,解析,句意为：,演讲比赛预计下周举行。你务必按时做好准备。,没问题。我最近一直在做准备。,see to it that.,为固定句型，意为,“,务必做到，保证,”,。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,20.When you run so fast to get _,，,you miss the fun of getting,there.Life,is not a race,，,so take it slower.,A.anywhere,B.everywhere,C.nowhere,D.somewhere,解析,根据句意,“,当你急匆匆地冲向某个地方,(,目的地,),，你将失去到达目的地过程中的快乐,”,可知,D,正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,