医学专业英语--词汇.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Basic Elements of Medical Words-1,origin of medical English words,1.from common English,2.from Latin,3.from Greek,4.coinage,1.words coming from common English:,whooping cough百日咳,A highly contagious disease of the respiratory system,usually affecting children,that is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and is characterized in its advanced stage by spasms of coughing interspersed with deep,noisy inspirations.,Also called,pertussis,百日咳,pinkeye,/epidemic keratoconjunctivitis(角膜结膜炎),knock-knee,/genu valgum(膝内翻),athletes foot,/tinea pedis足廯,piles,/hemorrhoids(痔疮),lockjaw,/tetanus(破伤风),fits,/convulsion(惊厥）,Fever发热;short-sight近视;,consumption 肺痨（消耗）nettle rash;风疹,stroke;中风 baldness;,indigestion;消化不良 blister;水疱，砂眼,Swelling肿;measles麻疹,Rabies狂犬病;windpipe气管,remember,them:,cutis（真皮）,fascia（筋膜）,corpus,genu（膝）,vertebra（椎骨）,labium（唇）,sinus（窦）,Words coming from Greek,thorax（胸）,iris（虹膜）,metra（子宫）,colon（结肠）,stenosis（狭窄）,stasis（停滞）,ptosis（下垂）,ectopia（异位）,other common medical words from Greek,stoma（口，小空）,soma（身体，躯干）,glottis（声门）,derma（真皮）,larynx（喉）,nephron（肾单位）,rachis（脊柱）,pharynx（咽）,phalanx（指骨）,coinage,Tularemia(Tulare；a place in California)（土拉菌病,兔热病；野兔病）,Cushing Disease(first discovered by Harvey Cushing),Ven De berghs test(to test icterus and liver disease),some common coinages,Alzheimer,s disease/presenile dementia,(早老性痴呆）,Graves,s disease/exophthalmic goiter,（突眼性甲状腺肿）,Parkinson,s disease/paralysis agitans,（震颤麻痹）,Addison,s disease/chronic hypoadrenocorticism,（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退）,Pott,s disease/spinal caries（脊柱骨疽）,basic elements of medical words,1,.root,(base),2.,affixes:,prefixes,suffixes,3.,Vowels元音,thats join the parts above mentioned,Some examples of roots(bases),Word,Root,Meaning,Epigraphic碑文的,graph,writing,Atrophy萎缩,troph,nourishing,Some examples of roots(bases),Word,Root,Meaning,Lobotomy额叶切除术,Lob(e),A subdivision of a bodily organ or part bounded by fissures,connective tissue,or other structural boundaries.,Word,Root,Meaning,Urology泌尿学,ur(ine),waste,fluid,acid product secreted by the kidneys,Irotomy虹膜切开术,ir(is),pigmented,round,contractile membrane of the eye,pericardiotomy 心包切开术,cardio,heart,nephrotomy肾切开术,nephr,kidney,The combing vowel,Find the combing vowels in the following words:,ge,o,graph y地理,Metr,o,polis大都市,Orth,o,dox正统的,Mon,o,tonous单调的,Anth,o,logy诗集,opt,o,metrist(验光师),Ur,o,logy泌尿学,Hydr,o,therapy水疗法,Aur,i,scope耳镜,Cent,i,grade摄氏,Mil,i,meter毫米,Pelv,i,meter骨盆测量器,prefix and suffix,Some common prefixes from,Greek,a an,(without)anemia（贫血）,anaerobe（厌氧细菌）,pro,(before）proenzyme（前酶；酶原）,prognosis（预后）,meta,(after)metapneumonic（肺炎后的）,metastasis（转移）,endo,(inside)endocrine（内分泌）,endoderm（内皮）,ecto,(outside)ectopia（异位）,ectocardia（异位心）,en,em,(in,into)endemic（地方性的）,exo,(out of)exocrine（外分泌）,hypo,(under,below)hypothermia（低温）,hypothyroidism（甲状腺机能减退）,hyper,(over,above)hyperdontia（牙过多）,peri,(around)pericardium（心包）,para,(beside,near),paramedical（准医学的）,anti,(against)antibiotic（抗生素）,antipyretic（退热剂）,syn,sym,syl,(together,with)syndrome（综合症）,symbiosis（共生）,epi,(on)epidemic（流行病）,Some common prefixes from Latin,in,(without)insomnia(失眠）in somnia睡梦,indigestion（消化不良）,ante,(before)antenatal（出生前的）,pre,(before)prealveolar（牙槽前的）,prediastole（舒张前期）,post,(after)postmortem（死后）,postpartum（产后）,intra,intracellular（细胞内的）,intravenous（静脉内的）,extra,(outside)extradental(牙外的）,extraoral（口外的）,in,(into)inoculation（接种）,invasion（入侵）,ex,(out of)excretion（排泄）,expiration（呼气；终止）,sub,(below,under)subnormal（低于正常的,sublingual（舌下的）,infra,(below,beneath)infrasonic（听阈下的）,infrapsychic（精神阈下的）,Some common suffixes from Greek,ia,（状态）anorexia（厌食）,ism,（状态，理论),autism（孤僻症）,giantism（巨型）,osis,（状态，增多）,leukocytosis（白细胞增多）,in,（素）,insulin（胰岛素）fibrin（纤维素）,gen,genic,genesis,(原；产生：的；产生）,fibrinogen（纤维蛋白原）,lactogenic（乳生成的）,tropic,tropism,（亲：的；促：的）,hydrotropic（向水的）,phobia,phobic,（恐怖）,hydrophobia（恐水病）,philia,philic,chromophilia(嗜染性）,photophilic（嗜光的）,Competing forms,also called,duplication,.,use both Greek and Latin as sources for medical word bases.,three,types of competing forms :,1)those that have,the same base,but,different combing vowels,;,2),two forms,of the,same base,;,3),two bases,with,the same meaning,.(one from Greek,one from Latin),1,)those that have,the same base,but,different combing vowels,example:,Bronchial支气管的 bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎,Oviduct输卵管 ovoplasm卵浆,2),two forms,of the,same base,;,example:,Hem,orrhage出血,hemat,ology血液学,Ir,otomy虹膜切开术,irid,omalacia虹膜软化,3),two bases,with,the same meaning,.,(one from Greek,one from Latin),synonym:,denote the same object,process,condition,or function,example,Latin,Greek,Meaning,dent,ist 牙医,odont,olog ist,teeth,lacrim,al 泪腺,dacry,o cyst,tear,or,al 口的,stomat,o pathy,mouth,exercises,Give the meanings of the words given below:,dentist odontologist,lacrimal dacryocyst,oral stomatopathy,hemo,hemato,hematopoiesis（造血）,hematocyte（血细胞）,hematodynamics（血液动力学）,sangui,sanguification（造血）,sanguineous（血液充足的）,sanguivorous(食血的）,sanguine（面色红润的；充满希望的）,sanguinary（血腥的；嗜血成性的,blood,Greek,Latin,somato,medical words,:,Somatology人体学,common word,somatic,corp,(corpus),corpor,(corpora),corpse,corporeal,corporeal punishment,corpulent（肥胖的）,corps（军团）,corporation,reek,Latin,C,）,Greek roots,:,can combine,freely and causally,same kinds:oto-rhino-laryngo-logy(耳鼻喉科）,psycho-neurotic（精神神经病的）,different kinds,pan-col-ectomy（全结肠切除术）,poly-dys-plas-ia（多种发育障碍）,）,Latin roots,usually combined between the same kinds:,auri-nasal,Labio-dental,