英语-句子的成分与基本句型.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子的成分与基本句型,differentcomponents,and,basicsentencepatte,T,rns,学习目标,理解句子的各个成分,掌握简单句的五种基本句型,并能够正确分析句子结构,句子的成分,主语,谓语,宾语,（直接宾语、间接宾语）、,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语,主语,主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说,的“是什么”或“是谁”。,一般由,名词、代词、不定式,或,相当于名词,的词或短语,来充当。,它在,句首,。,找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充当,（1）,Mr.Chen,is a well-known scientist.,陈先生是著名的科学家。（名词作主语）,（2）,He,reads newspapers every day.,他每天读报。（代词作主语）,（3）,Smoking,is harmful to the health.,吸烟对健康有害。（动名词作主语）,（4）,To swim,in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.,在昆明湖里游泳是非常愉快的事。（不定式作主语）,（5）,What we shall do next,is not yet decided.,下一步我们做什么还没定下来。（主语从句作主语）,谓语,说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。,谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是,动词,谓语和主语在,人称,和,数,两方面必须一致。,它在,主语后面,。,请找出下列句子的谓语,His parents are teachers.,（系动词和表语一起作谓语）,We study hard.,（行为动词作谓语）,We have finished reading the book.,（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）,He can speak English.,（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）,宾语,宾语是动作、行为的对象，,由,名词、代词、不定式,或,相当于名词的词,、,短语,来担任，,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。,一般放在,谓语之后,。,She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）,She said（that）she felt sick.（宾语从句作动词宾语）,We often help him.（代词作宾语）,He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）,We enjoy listening to the music.（动名词短语作宾语）,找出下列句子的宾语，并说出由什么词来充当,宾语补足语,在某些及物动词后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语的补语才能表达完整的意思。在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,，称为,宾语补足语,。,名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。,宾语和宾语补足语称为,复合宾语,。,如：,They made her happy.（形容词）,I saw her dance.（不定式）,We,ll help make the Olympics a success.（名词）,Please let him in.（副词）,We heard her singing a song.（分词短语）,表语,表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，,由,名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式,及,相当于名词或形容词的短语,来担任。,它的位置在,系动词后面,。,如：I am a teacher.（名词）,He is always happy.（形容词）,They are on the playground now.（介词短语）,It gets cold.（形容词）,系动词,除了有,be,还有get（变得），sound（听起来），seem（看起来），feel等特殊的词。,如：It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语）,系动词,Be,动词：,am,，,is,，,are,was,were,表保持：,keep,stay,remain,表改变：,get,，,become,，,turn,感官动词：,feel,，,sound,（听起来），,seem/look,（看起来），,taste,（尝起来），,smell,（闻起来）,定语,定语是用来修饰,名词,或,代词,的。,形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。,单词,作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的,名词之前。,如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）,What,s your name?（代词）,They made paper flowers.（名词）,说明1：当,定语修饰不定代词,，如：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语要放在其后作,后置定语,。,如：I tell him something interesting.,（形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语）,He has something to do.,（to do为不定式作后置定语）,说明2：,短语或从句作定语,时，也放在被修饰的,名词之后,。,如：The boys in the room are in Class Four.,这间屋子里的男孩子们是4班的。,in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。,状语,一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由,副词、介词短语、不定式,或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。,状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。,如：He did it carefully.（副词）,We often help him.（副词）,Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.,（介词短语）,When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.,（从句作时间状语）,He sat there.（副词地点状语）,简单句的五种句型,主语,+,不及物动词,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,主语,+,及物动词,+间接,宾语,+,直接宾语,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,Her brother is a driver.,We feel happy.,（feel为系动词，表示感到）,It gets dark.天黑了。,（get为系动词，表示变得）,Tom looks ill.Tom看上去病了。,（look为系动词，表示看上去）,主语,+,不及物动词,The sun rises.太阳升起来。,The car stopped.小汽车停下来了。,rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,I love my country.,He helped me.,I like action movies.,I bought a book.,主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,He gave Tom a present.（双宾语）,他给汤姆一件礼物。,Mother made a new dress for me.（双宾语）,妈妈为我做了一件衣服。,give,tell,sell,lend,show,bring,pass,buy,make,get,等 及物动词后跟有双宾语。如：,（1）Our teacher told us a story.,（us为间接宾语，a story为直接宾语。）,（2）The sun gives us light and warmth.,（us为间接宾语，light and warmth为直接宾语）,（3）We sent him a telegram.,我们给他打了电报。,（him为间接宾语，a telegram为直接宾语）,把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“,to,”或“,for,”。在这种情况下，间接宾语前加“,to,”的有：,give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave（留给）,hand（交给）,tell,return,write,throw（扔）,promise（答应）,refuse（拒绝）等。,加“,for,”的有：,make,buy,do,get,play（演奏）,order（命令）,sing,pay（为交钱）,例如：,（,1,）,I gave him a book.,改成：,I gave a book to him.,（,2,）,He passed me the book.,（他将书递给我。）,改成：,He passed the book to me.,（,3,）,He wrote me a letter.,改成：,He wrote a letter to me.,（,4,）,He will buy me some books.,改成：,He will buy some books for me.,（,5,）,She made me a cake.,改成：,She made a cake for me.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,They call her Mary.（宾补）,他们叫她Mary。,We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补）我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。,He always makes us laugh.（宾补）,他总使我们笑。,写出划线部分的句子成分,。,1.,Lily is cleaning,the desk,now,.,2.,Her,garden is the best,in our town,.,3.Liu Ming is,thirteen years old,.,4.I,like,this book,very much,.,5.The girl,on the blue bike,is,Janes,sister.,6.She,didn,t come,to my party,because she was ill,.,7.Wang Ping,does his homework carefully.,8.We,will,go to the Children,s Palace,once a week,.,9.They are,in the classroom,.,10.It sounds,good,.,11.,His,name is,Paul,.,12.We,always,go to school,early,.,