新编大学英语unit--知识点.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/17,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,新编大学英语3unit 4 知识点,新编大学英语3unit 4 知识点新编大学英语3unit 4 知识点The three-ing participles run parallel to gain emphasis and make clear the order of the three phrases which coincides with that of Para.8-11.,三个-ing结构并列，在加强语气的同时使读者对其顺序一目了然，而该顺序又与此后的811段前后呼应。“we find attractive and feasible”是定语从句，用来修饰alternatives。Comments22021/7/17,通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。,The three-ing participles run parallel to gain emphasis and make clear the order of the three phrases which coincides with that of Para.8-11.,三个,-ing,结构并列，在加强语气的同时使读者对其顺序一目了然，而该顺序又与此后的,8,11,段前后呼应。,“we find attractive and feasible”,是定语从句，用来修饰,alternatives,。,Comments,2021/7/17,2,2,Of course,complacency is appropriate for any decision in which nothing much is at stake,but that does not describe career decisions.,Translation,当然，对于不决定成败的决策，自满是可以的，但做涉及职业方面的的决策时，来不得自满。,Question,What does“that”refer to in this sentence?,Answer,It refers to“complacency is appropriate for any decision in which nothing much is at stake”.,2021/7/17,3,The first part of the sentence is a restrictive attributive clause introduced by“proposition+relative word”.,本句第一部分是由“介词关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式语体。能作这种用法的关系代词主要是,which,，其次是,whom,，有时是关系限定词,whose,。例如：,They tried to think of a plan,by which,they could fulfill their task ahead of time.,在该用法中，介词的选择受到上下文的制约，或与前面的名词词组的搭配有关，或与后面的动词词组搭配有关。例如：,Comments,2021/7/17,4,Radial flow turbines differ in the manner,in which,the steam flow is arranged.(in the manner),The material,of which,the apparatus is made of is a good nonconductor of heat.(is made of),此外还有由,“,介词关系代词,”,引导的非限制性定语从句，例如,：,At last there was something,about which to write home.,上述非限制性定语从句一般用于正式语体，在非正式语体中通常用不带关系代词但句末带介词的不定式分句。例如：,At last there was something,to write home about,.,关于限制性定语从句的翻译见本单元的,Further Development,。,2021/7/17,5,3,When confronted with a decision and unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution,some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming.,Translation,每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时，一些人或想入非非或做白日梦，以此来保持平静。,The subject of the subordinate clause is the same to that of the main clause.So the author omit the subject of the subordinate clause to avoid repetition,.,从句主语与主句主语一致，所以省略从句主语以避免重复。,Comments,2021/7/17,6,Paraphrase,The full sentence is“When they are confronted with a decision and they are unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution,some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming.”,When some people face a decision and dont think they could find an acceptable solution,they make use of wishful thinking or daydreaming for help.,Comments,2021/7/17,7,Translation,他们紧张地寻找各种就业机会，然后采取匆忙产生的决定，忽视了这样的选择会带来的后果，也忽视了其他的择业机会。,“,Overlooking the consequences of their choice as well as other alternatives,”,为现在分词短语做伴随状语。英语中的分词分两种：现在分词,（,the present participle,）,和过去分词,（,the past participle,）。,虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、作系动词补足语、宾语补足语等，但是它们形式不同，而且语义也有差别。,4,They search frantically for career possibilities and seize on hastily invented solutions,overlooking the consequences of their choice as well as other alternatives.,Comments,2021/7/17,8,现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”,(,不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成,),。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。例如,：,He ran up to her,breathing heavily,.(,表示伴随状况,),You will make yourself more tired,keeping on your feet.,(,做条件状语,),Being a hard-working young man,he is praised by all his fellow workers.,(,做原因状语,),Comments,2021/7/17,9,Translation,5,Understanding what you are like,what you value,and what you want to become is the foundation for all career planning.,了解自己是怎样一个人，看重什么以及想成为什么样的人，这些是整个择业规划的依据。,Question,What is the subject of the sentence,？,Answer,Understanding what you are like,what you value,and what you want to become.,2021/7/17,10,Comments,三个短语,what you are like,what you value,和,what you want to become,构成排比，加强语气，并且这三个短语的顺序与第一段的顺序前后呼应，体现了文章的一致性。,Three clauses“,what you are like,what you value,and,what you want to become,”run parallel to gain emphasis and their order is consistent with the points of Paragraph 1.,2021/7/17,11,Translation,6,Talking over your plans with a college counselor,your parents,and your friends helps you define your goals and improve your career plans or make them work.,与你的大学辅导员、父母与朋友探讨你的计划，这有助于你明确目标，改进择业规划，或使计划得以实施。,Question,Students are advised to counsel whom as to their career planning?Why?,2021/7/17,12,Translation,7.Sociologists say that there are few changes in careers that involve“downward”movement;most involve the traditional business of“getting ahead”.,社会学家们说几乎没有什么职业的变换是,“,走下坡路,”,的，大部分都是按传统的关注,“,往高处走,”,的。,Question,Please find a pair of antonym in this sentence.,Answer,“Downward”and“getting ahead”.,2021/7/17,13,1.,emphasize,e.g.The government,places weight on,the construction of a friendly-environmental society.,Word Study,place/lay/put weight,on,2.,短语,place+,noun,+on,因其名词不同，意义不同。常见的搭配：,place,blame/responsibility,on,把,责任强加于,place,hopes,on,把希望寄托于,place,pressure,on,对,施加压力,place,emphasis/importance,on,重视,2021/7/17,14,estimate,v.,try to judge the value,size,speed,cost,etc.of something,partly by calculating and partly by guessing,估计，估算,The mechanic,estimated,the cost of repairs at$150.,Its,estimated,that between 70 and 90 percent of car crimes occur in the daytime.,cf.,overestimate,to judge something to be better than it really is,对（某事）过高估计,Im afraid we,overestimated,his abilities.,2021/7/17,15,underestimate,v.,to think that something is smaller,cheaper,less important etc.than it really is,低估，看轻,People often,underestimate,the importance of training.,cf.,estimate,n,.,1.,judgment or calculation of the approximate size,cost,value,etc.of something,估计，估算,1),According to their,estimates,the company will go bankrupt within 5 years.,2),The number of people who applied for the course was 120 compared with initial,estimate,of between 50 and 100.,2021/7/17,16,2.,a statement of how much it will probably cost to build or repair something,估价、报价,1),We got three,estimates,so we could choose the cheapest.,2),Its really hard to choose,since we got,estimates,from two of the best contractors.,ones opinion of the value,nature,etc.of someone or something”,评价，判断,cf.,estimation,n.,(often used in the phrase,“,in ones estimation”,),In my estimation,oil price will keep going up,.,2021/7/17,17,demonstrate,v.,1.,show ones emotions and feelings,显示，表露,1)Mary,demonstrates,her love by bringing me flowers.,2)His sudden departure,demonstrates,how unreliable he is.,2.,show something clearly by giving proof or evidence,论证，证明,1)How do you,demonstrate,that the pressure remains constant?,2)The study,demonstrates,the link between poverty and malnutrition.,2021/7/17,18,3.,show or describe how to do something or how something works,说明，演示,1)An assistant,demonstrated,the washing machine to customers.,2)Instructors should,demonstrate,new movements before letting the class try them.,4.,take part in a march or a meeting to show strong opinion of opposing or supporting something,游行，示威,What are they,demonstrating,against?,2021/7/17,19,confront,v.,1.,face bodily or threateningly,面对,Opening the door,he found himself,confronted,by a dozen policemen with guns.,2.,deal with something very difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined way,（勇敢、镇定地）面对；正视；,We try to help people,confront,their problems.,3.,usually passive suddenly appear and need to be dealt with,【,一般用被动语态,】,突然面临，遭遇,On my first day at work I was,confronted,with the task of chairing a meeting.,2021/7/17,20,face,v.,1.,if you face a difficult situation or if it faces you,you must deal with it,面临，面对,1)The President,faced,the difficult task of putting the economy back on its feet.,2)I was,faced,with the awful job of breaking the news to the girls family.,2.,be opposite a person,building etc,.,面向，面朝,1)They stood,facing,each other for a few minutes.,2)My bedroom faces south.,cf.,2021/7/17,21,3.,accept that a difficult situation or problem exists,even though you would prefer to ignore,it,正视，面对,1),Many couples refuse to,face,the fact that they have problems with their,marriage.,2),Face,it,kid,or youre never going to be a rock star.,2021/7/17,22,resort to,1.,do something bad,extreme,or difficult because you cannot think of any other way to deal with a problem(In this phrase,“to”is a preposition,so it should be followed by either nouns or gerunds,.),求助于或诉诸于（这里,“,to”,是介词，其后要跟名词或动名词。）,1)I had to,resort to,violence to get my money.,2)When she didnt answer the telephone I,resorted to,standing outside her window and calling up to her.,2021/7/17,23,a weapon of,last resort,a way of,last resort,as a last resort/in the last resort,what you will do if everything else fails,作为最后的手段，最后的凭借,1),Nuclear weapons should be used only,as a last resort.,2),In the last resort,we can always walk home.,Expressions,cf.,of last resort,used when everything else has failed,最后一招,2021/7/17,24,implication,n.,1,a possible future effect or result of a plan,action,or event,which must be considered or discussed,（计划、行动或事件等需要考虑或讨论的）可能的影响，可能的后果,1)We need to consider the financial,implications,of these changes.,2)The low level of current investment has serious,implications,for future economic growth.,2.,something you do not say directly but you seem want people to believe,暗含，含义,1)I resent the,implication,that my work is not thorough.,2)He didnt actually accuse me of stealing,but that was the,implication,.,2021/7/17,25,1.,suggest that something is true without saying this,directly,暗示，暗指,She managed to,imply,shed contributed the money,without actually saying so.,2.,if a fact,event etc.implies something,it shows that it is likely to be true,意味着（某事可能是真的）,cf.,imply,v.,The high level of radiation in the rocks,implies,that they are volcanic in origin.,2021/7/17,26,engage,v.,1.,attract someone and keep their interest,吸引（某人的兴趣）,The new toy didnt,engage,the childrens interest for long.,2.,arrange to employ someone,雇用，聘请,His father,engaged a private tutor to improve his math.,3.,reserve,预订,Ive engaged a room for you at the hotel.,cf.,engage in,(usually passive)take part or become involved in an activity,【,一般用被动语态,】,从事，忙于,She,is engaged in,writing a novel.,2021/7/17,27,cf.,engaged,1.,an engaged telephone is being used,电话占线的,1)Sorry!The line/number is,engaged,.,2)I cant get throughher lines,engaged,.,2.,having agreed to get married,订婚的,1),They have been,engaged,for 6 months.,2),Have you met the man shes,engaged,to?,2021/7/17,28,haste,n,.,great speed in doing something,especially because you do not have enough time,匆忙,，,急忙,I soon,regretted,my haste.,in haste,quickly or in a hurry,匆忙地,They left,in haste,without even saying goodbye.,More haste,less speed,.,欲速则不达。,(I,t is useless to do something too quickly.),Expressions,2021/7/17,29,cf.,hasten,v.,1.,to make something happen faster or sooner,加速，加紧,Her death had been,hastened,by large doses of painkilling drugs.,cf.,hasty,adj.,done in a hurry,especially with bad results,仓促完成的，匆忙的,He soon regretted his hasty decision.,他很快便对自己的仓促决定感到后悔。,2.,to do or say something quickly or without delay,急忙，赶快,I,hastened,to assure her that there was no danger.,2021/7/17,30,1.,only before noun an alternative idea,plan etc is one that can be used instead of another one,【,仅用于名词前,】,可替代的，可供选择的,There doesnt seem to be an,alternative,option.,2.,only before noun an alternative system or solution is considered less damaging or more effective than the old one,【,仅用于名词前,】,可取代（旧有的）,alternative,sources of energy,alternative,adj.,2021/7/17,31,alternative,n.,something that you can choose to do or use instead of something else,可供选择的事物,1)Check out the,alternative,before deciding whether to go a nearby college.,2)I had no,alternative,but to report him to the police.,2021/7/17,32,appeal,n.,1.,a strong request for help,support,mercy,etc.,恳求，呼吁,The United Nations,appeal,for a ceasefire has been largely ignored by both sides.,This country launched an,appeal,for the famine victims.,2021/7/17,33,2.,a quality that makes you like someone or something,be interested in them,or want them,感染力，吸引力,1),The film has great,appeal,for young audiences.,2),Much of the citys,appeal,lies in its lively night life.,3.,a formal request to a court or to someone in authority asking for a decision to be changed,上诉，申诉,an,appeal,to the European Court of Human Rights,2021/7/17,34,appeal,v.,1.,make a a strong request for help,support,mercy,etc.,恳求，呼吁,1)The police are,appealing,to,the public,for,information about the crime.,2)She,appealed,to,the kidnappers,to,release her son.,2.,if someone or something appeals to you,they seem attractive and interesting,吸引某人,1)Does the idea of working abroad,appeal to,you?,2)The magazine is intended to,appeal to,working women in their 20s and 30s.,2021/7/17,35,3.,to make a formal request to a court or someone in authority asking for a decision to be changed,提出上诉或申诉,If you are not satisfied,you can,appeal,.,2021/7/17,36,attach,v.,1.,connect one thing to another,系，绑，固定，连接,1),Attach,a recent photo,to,your application form.,2)The web,(,蜘蛛网,),was only,attached,to,the leaf by one thread.,2.,be very fond of or devoted to,喜欢，依恋,Its easy to be,attached,to,the children you work with.,3.,assign some function,quality,or characteristic,赋予（功能、属性、特征等）,People,attach,too much importance,to,economic forecasts.,2021/7/17,37,4.,include;cause to form part of a thing,附加，附属，使成为,的一部分,1)He,attached,himself,to,the group of cyclists.,2)His new firm,attached,the young man,to,the marketing division.,2021/7/17,38,