初中英语语法课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,初中英语语法课件,初中英语语法课件初中英语语法课件Outline1.一般现在时,2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.过去将来时：5.过去进行时：,6.过去完成时7.现在进行时：8.现在完成时：,Outline,1.一般现在时,2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.过去将来时：5.过去进行时：,6.过去完成时7.现在进行时：8.现在完成时：,现在,过去,将来,用法：,经常性的和习惯性的动作,常用时间状语：,usually,sometimes,in spring,every day,in the morning,一般现在时的动词形式：,动词原形,1.am;is;are,2.have,has,3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s,一般现在时,肯定句：I,watch,television every day.,否定句：I,dont,watch television every day.,疑问句：,Do,you,watch,television every day.,注意：start,leave,go,come等的一般现在时可表示按规定要发生的未来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时.,It,snows,in winter.,It,doesnt snow,in winter.,Does,it,snow,in winter?,Examples:,一般现在时的使用：,1.一般现在时表示,总是,、,通常,、,习惯性,的动作或状态。,It,snows,in winter.,I,watch,television every day.,2.用于对,客观事实的普遍性,的陈述。,Water,consists,of hydrogen and oxygen.,Most animals,kill,only for food.,The world,is,round.,3.某些动词的一般现在时表示,说话时正在存在,的一种情况。,I,have,only a dollar right now.,He,needs,a pen right now.,注：这些动词不能用于进,行时。,用法：,过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作,常用时间状语,：,yesterday,last night,two days ago,in 2000,at that time,before，when,等引导的含 过去时的句子。,动词构成：,动词过去时（-ed）,listenlistened,study-studied,stop-stopped,come-came,一般过去时,否定构成：didnt+动原,didnt work used not(didnt use)to work,一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？,特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday?,When did he get up this morning,?,注意：He has opened the door.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是门还开着）He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着,),1.一般过去时表示一个动作或情况在,过去某个的时间,开始和结束.,I,walked,to school,yesterday,.,I,bought,a new car,three days ago,.,walked,bought,now,一般过去时的使用：,2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。,I often got up at 6:00 last year.,I,didnt,walk,to school yesterday.,Did,you,walk,to school yesterday,?,用法：将来会出现或发生的动作,常用时间状语：this evening,tomorrow,next month,in a few minutes,at the end of this term,动词构成:1.will/shall+动原,2.am/is/are going to+动词原型,3.am/is/are(about)+动词不定式,4.am/is/are+coming等现在分词,以work为例:will/shall work am/is/are going to work am/is/are(about)to work am/is/are coming/leaving,一般将来时,否定构成：will/shall not,am/is/are not,特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow?When are we going to have a class meeting?,注意：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,1、基本结构是will/shall do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。）,2、有些动词，如：arrive,be close,come,do,done,go,have,leave,open,play,return,sleep,start,stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）,一般将来时的使用：,3、表示“打算去，要”时，可用be going to do。,例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）,4、表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。例：Dont worry,I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）,5、“be to do”的5种用法：,a)表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）,b)该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should,must,ought to,have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet,kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）,c)能或不能发生的事情（接近can,may）例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）,d)不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。例：I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended,B.will be attended to,C.is attended D.is attended to,e)用于条件从句“如果想，设想”（接近if want to,或if should）例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided.,A)is to be,B)can be C)will be D)has been,用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态，,常用于宾从句,常用时间状语：the next week等,动词构成：1、would/should+动原 2、was/were going to+动原 3、was/were(about)to+动原,以work为例：would/should work,was/were going to work,was/were(about)to work,过去将来时,否定构成：would/should not,was/were not,一般疑问构成：常用if或whether引导宾从,特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would do the next week.,I thought I,would make,lots of newfriends.,They said that they,were going to spend,the vacation together.,一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。,would,或,was/were going to,+,V,would,可用于各种人称。,过去将来时的使用：,二、would+V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。,When we were children,we,would/used to,go swimming every summer.,比较：I,used to,walk to school,but now I go by bike.,used to+V,指过去的习惯或状态，暗含的意思是“现在不做某事了”。,A:Where did you go?,B:I,was going to,visit the park,but in the end I went to the free market.,A:What was it like?,B:I thought it,would,be busy,but it was very quiet.,-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?,-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.,had,B.would,C.was going to,D.did,三、I thought,I was going to,.表示“原本打算干某事”。,-Come in,Peter,I want to show you something.,-Oh,how nice of you!I _ you _ to bring me a gift.,A.never think;are going,B.never thought;were going,C.didnt think;were going,D.hadnt thought;were going,Never thought“从未想过“，与how nice of you所表达的喜悦之情相符,This morning Alice _ out _ the door opened and in came some strangers.,was just about to go;while,went;when,was going;while,was just about to go;when,We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.,leaves,would leave,left,had left,用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作,常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time,at ten oclock yesterday或when引导的从句,动词构成：was/were+现在分词(-ing)以work为例：was/were working,过去进行时,否定构成：was/were not+现在分词,一般疑问构成及简答举例:Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其它？Yes,I was,No,I wasnt,特殊疑问句举例：,What were you dong this time yesterday?,Where was he standing when the teacher came in?,过去进行时：,I was walking down the street,when it began to rain,.,When it began to rain,I was walking,now,I,was walking,down the street when it began to rain.,I,was not walking,down the street when it began to rain.,Were,you,walking,down the street when it began to rain?,用,一般过去时,或,过去进行时,填空。,I dont want to go to the zoo today,because it is raining.,The same thing happened,yesterday,.,I(,want,not,)_ to go to the zoo because it(,rain,)_.,Exercises:,2.I(,call,)_ Roger at nine last night,but,he(,be,not,)_ at home.He(,study,)_,at the library.,called;was not;was studying,3.I(,hear,not,)_the thunder during the,storm last night because I(,sleep,)_.,didnt hear;was sleeping,4.My brother and sister(,argue,)_ about something when I(,walk,)_ into the room.,were arguing;walked,5.-Nancy is not coming,tonight.,-But she _!,A.promises,B.promised,C.will promise,D.had promised,6.Shirley _ a book about,China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.,A.has written,B.wrote,C.had written,D.was writing,7.I dont think Jim saw me;he _ into space.,A.just stared,B.was just staring,C.has just stared,D.had just stared,The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.,had written;left,were writing;has left,had written;had left,were writing;had left,Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.,made,B.is making,C.was making,D.makes,用法：,1、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态(过去的过去)。,2、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间,常用时间状语：by that time,by the end of ,when/before+从句，,said/knew/asked的宾从中动词构 成:had+,过去分词(-ed),以work为例：had worked,过去完成时,否定构成:had not+过去分词,一般疑问构成：Had+主语+过去分词+其它？Yes,I had.No,I hadnt.,特殊疑问句举例：How many English words,had you learned by the end of last term?,When we got to the theatre,they,had sold,all the tickets.,had sold,got to the theatre,Now,过去的过去,过去完成时是一种与,过去时,相比较而存在的时态，用以表示“过去的过去”的动作或状态。,1.When we _(arrive)at the theatre,the,play _(already start).,arrived;,had already started,2.The police found that the house _and a lot of things_.,A.has broken into;,has been stolen,B.had broken into;,had been stolen,C.has been broken into;,stolen,D.had been broken into;,stolen,3.Tom didnt go to hear the singer because he_ him.,heard,would hear,C.has heard,D.had heard,4.-Why didnt you come to the party?,-I_ to come,but one of my friends came to see me just then.,A.wanted,B.was wanting,C.had wanted,D.had been wanted,5.His wife _ to catch the first train but she was too late.,hoping,had hoped,has hoped,would hope,had hoped意为“原希望”，常用于这一结构的动词有“think,want,plan,suppose,intend”,用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间正在进行的动作,常用时间状语：now,these days,现在进行时中动词形式：,am,is +-ing,are,1、do-doing,2、live-living,3、重读闭音节 sit-sitting drop-dropping,以 ie 结尾 die-dying lie-lying,现在进行时,She,is writing,another book,this year.,并不表示说话的时候她正,拿着笔坐在书桌前。,1.现在进行时表示一项活动在说话时(或较长时间）正在进行。,John and Mary,are talking,on the phone.,start,finish,now,2.现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。,一般现在时表示不确定时间经常、反复发生,的动作或状态。,3.进行时的将来用法：,When are you leaving?,=When will you leave?,John and Mary,are talking,on the phone.,John and Mary,are not talking,on the,Phone.,Are,John and Mary,talking,on the phone?,John and Mary,are talking,on the phone.,John and Mary,are not talking,on the,Phone.,Are,John and Mary,talking,on the phone?,1.Diane(,wash,)_ her hair every other day or so.,2.Kathy,usually,(,sit,)_ in the front row during class,but today she(,sit,)_,in the last row.,washes,sits,is sitting,3.(,Lock,you,always,)_ the door to your apartment(公寓)when you leave?,4.I wrote to my friend last week.She hasnt answered my letter yet.I(,wait,still,)_ for a reply.,Do you always lock,am still waiting,5.Every morning,the sun(,shine,)_ in my,bedroom window and(,wake,)_me up.,shines,wakes,6.A:Look!It(,snow,)_.,B:Its beautiful!This is the first time Ive,ever seen snow.It(,snow,not,often,)_ in,my country.,is snowing;does not often snow,-Can I help you,sir?,-Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it _.,didnt work,wont work,cant work,doesnt work,-Can I join the club,Dad?,-You can when you _ a bit older.,get,will get,C.are getting,D.will have got,My cousin,Jenny,_ in New York,till next Saturday.,is staying,has stayed,will have stayed,stayed,-Do you know when she _?,-No,but Ill tell you as soon as she _.,will come;comes,comes;will come,will come;will come,comes;comes,Look!_!,Here the bus comes,Here comes the bus,Here is the bus coming,Here the bus is coming,here,there放在句子开头，句子主谓要倒装。(如主语为代词，主谓不倒装)。在here,there引导的句子中，常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。,用法:1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，强调,对现在的影响.,2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作,常用时间状语：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+过去的点时间,for+段时间,动词构成：have/has+过去分词(-ed)have/has worked,现在完成时,否定构成：have/has not+过去分词,一般疑问构成：Have/Has+主语+过去分词?,特殊疑问句举例：What have you done,recently?,How long has he lived in Beijing?,注意：暂时性动词不能与for,since,How long等,表示段时间 的短语同时使用。,现在完成时表示,过去,某时发生的行为对主语,目前,产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。,We are good friends.(现在的情况）,I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）,We have known each other since 1997.,（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在,联系,起来并,着眼于现在,）,现在完成时的用法,She has been to Beijing.,(现在已不在北京，从,结果,上和现在联系起来）,She has been in Beijing for two years.,（现在仍在北京，从,时间,上和现在联系起来）,现在完成时的三种基本用法：,1、,未完成,用法。表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，也可能刚刚结束。,He has been in the army for ten years.,I have studied English since 1980.,He has lived here all his life.,a.be,live,study都是延续性动词。,b.常用的时间状语：,since,for,in the past few years,so far,all his life.,2、,反复性,用法，表示过去到现在这段时间,内反复发生的动作。,I have been to the city twice this week.,I have often wondered where she gets her money all these days.,这种用法从时间上与现在发生了联系。,3、完成性用法，表示动作或状态到说话时已经完成，通常,所产生的结果,把过去的动作和状态和现在,联系,起来。,He has gone to Shanghai.,他已经去了上海。,（,结果：他已不在这儿，He is not here now.,）,Can you make sure _ the gold ring?,A.where Alice had put,B.where had Alice put,C.where Alice has put,D.where has Alice put,使用现在完成时表示过去发生的“放”的动作对现在的影响，究竟金戒指现在“在哪里”。,When I was at college I _ three foreign,languages,but I _ all except a few words,of each.,A.spoke;had forgotten,B.spoke;have forgotten,C.had spoken;had forgotten,D.had spoken;have forgotten,“但都忘了”是现在的情况，要用现在完成时，强调结果。,-Im sorry to keep you waiting.,-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few,minutes.,A.have been B.had been,C.was D.will be,“(for)only a few minutes”说明几分钟前来了这里，一直到现在。,The CCTV,has been broadcasting,English,programs ever since 1977.,1977,now,表示一个事件在某个事件之前一直进行,用于表达事件的持续性.,You look hot and tired.,Have you been exercising?,Im sorry Im late.,Have you been waiting long?,-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.,-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.,painted,had painted,C.have been painting,D.have painted,She _ letters all morning and felt tired.,has been writing,B.writes,C.has written,D.had been writing,-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?,-Yes,thats why I _ to work by train.,have been going,have gone,was going to,will have gone,Thank You!,谢谢！,