2019届菏泽专版中考英语总复习第二部分专题语法高效突破专项8-14讲义.ppt

,专项,8,副 词,考点,1,副词的词义辨析,一、,how long,，,how soon,，,how often,和,how far(,具体讲解见本书,P38),二、,hard,和,hardly,hard,意为,“,努力地，费力地，猛力地，猛烈地,”,，是程度副词；,hardly,意为,“,几乎不,”,，常用作频度副词。如：,We should study hard as students.,作为学生，我们应该努力学习。,She hardly ever calls me.,她几乎从未给我来过电话。,三、,already,，,yet,和,still,already,表示事情已经发生，主要用于肯定句；,yet,表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句，,still,表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：,We,ve already watched that movie.,我们已经看过那部电影。,I haven,t finished my homework yet.,我还没有完成我的作业。,He still works hard every night.,每天晚上他仍然努力工作。,四、,ago,和,before,ago,表示以现在为起点的,“,以前,”,，和表示时间概念的词组搭配使用，常用在一般过去式的句子中。,before,指已过去的某一时刻为基准的,“,以前,”,，也可泛指以前，常用于现在完成时和过去完成时的句子中。如：,The meeting began five minutes ago.,会议,5,分钟前开始了。,I have never been to Suzhou before.,我以前从未去过苏州。,考点,2,副词的比较等级,1.,构成,(,请参见形容词比较等级的变化方法,),2,不规则变化表,原级,比较级,最高级,well,better,best,badly,worse,worst,little(,稍许,),less,least,much,more,most,far,farther,farthest,further,furthest,3.,用法,(1),在两者进行比较表示,“,A,不如,B,”,时，部分双音节和多音节副词除使用,“,not.as/so,副词原级,as,”,结构外，还可使用,“,less,副词原级,than,”,结构。如：,Bill didn,t do his homework as carefully as Jim.,Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim.,比尔做作业没有吉姆认真。,(2),副词最高级前一般不加定冠词,the,。,八年真题,全练,菏泽中考中对副词的考查主要集中在词义辨析上。其中单项填空涉及较多，主要考查频度副词或关系副词辨析；完形填空主要考查副词在语境中的运用。故在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给的选项。对于副词的比较等级，近几年中考题中均没有涉及，但未来中考可能考到，所以仍需掌握其构成与用法。,考点,1,副词词义辨析,1,2015,菏泽，,30,_A_,will your brother come back?,I,m not sure.Maybe in a week.,A,When,B,How,C,Whether,2,2014,菏泽，,14,Look at the flowers I gave you last month.They are dying,！,_B_,do you water them?,Sorry,，,I forgot to water them.,A,How long B,How often,C,How soon D,How much,3,2013,菏泽，,4,Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone?,No.I,_A_,do that because it makes me uncomfortable.,A,seldom B,often,C,usually D,sometimes,4,2013,菏泽，,12The World Health Organization has given some advice on,_A_,to protect us from being infected(,感染,)with H7N9.,A,how B,what C,where D,when,5,2012,菏泽，,6My friend Frank sings well,，,and he is,_B_,good at playing guitar.,A,not B,also C,yet D,too,6,2012,菏泽，,12,Steve,，,_D_,do you play basketball after school?,Twice a week.It can keep me healthy.,A,how far B,how soon,C,how long D,how often,7,2010,菏泽，,24I,_D_,ride a bike to school.But this morning I took a taxi because I got up late.,A,never B,sometimes,C,seldom D,usually,8,2010,菏泽，,29We haven,t decided,_D_,we,ll go to Shanghai next week.,A,where B,when C,why D,how,9,2010,菏泽，,32,_C_,can we get there?,In five minutes.,A,How often B,How far,C,How soon D,How long,猜押预测,1,In order to pass the exam,，,you need to work much _now.,A,hard,B,harder,C,hardest,2,Who plays the piano_,，,Sam or Jerry?,Jerry.But he gave the performance chance to Sam this time.,A,well B,better C,best,3,Lin Fang comes home _than before this afternoon.She doesn,t have so many classes in the afternoon.,A,earlier B,later C,early,4,Who listens _,，,Tom,，,Jack or Bill?,A,the most careful,B,more carefully,C,the most carefully,5,Though he has studied Russian _ for ten months,，,he can _speak the language.,A,hard,；,hardly B,hardly,；,hard C,hard,；,hard,B,B,A,C,A,6,What happened outside just now?,A car hit a man._,，,the man wasn,t badly hurt.,A,Luckily B,Unluckily C,Especially,7,Did John get Number 1 in the math exam?,Yes,，,no one did so _as him.,A,good B,well C,better,8,It,s best to stay indoors,，,_ when PM2.5 reaches dangerous levels.,A,exactly B,possibly C,especially,9,Another person was hurt by the tiger in the zoo.,What a pity!That is a lesson to us,；,we must take rules _,A,quickly B,clearly C,seriously,10,To our surprise,，,the computer _ won the chess game against the human player.,A,certainly B,usually C,finally,A,B,C,C,C,专项,9,动 词,高频考点,精讲,考点,1,系动词,系动词本身有词义,，,不能单独作谓语,，,必须和表语一起构成谓语部分,，,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。,类别,功能,例词,表示状态的系动词,表示主语所处的状态,be,表示持续的系动词,表示主语继续或保持某种身份或状态,keep,，,remain,，,stay,，,stand,，,lie,表示感官的系动词,表示人体感官的系动词,look,，,feel,，,smell,，,taste,，,sound,表示状态变化的系动词,表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态,become,，,get,，,go,，,grow,，,turn,【,注意,】,1.,一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态。,2,表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时,(feel,除外,),；变化系动词表示,“,渐渐,”,，可用于进行时。如：,It,s getting warmer and warmer.,天气渐渐变得越来越暖和。,考点,2,情态动词,情态动词有一定的词义,，,但它本身并不表示动作或状态,，,而仅仅是表达说话人的态度,，,在句中和实义动词一起构成谓语。,情态动词,用法,例句,can,表示能力，意为,“,能，会,”,He can speak English well.,他英语讲得很好。,表示推测，意为,“,可能,”,。常用于否定句或疑问句,She can,t be at home now.,她现在不可能在家。,表示请求、允许，意为,“,可以,”,Can I borrow your bike,？我能借你的自行车吗？,could,can的过去式，意为,“,能，会,”,。表示过去的能力,Tom could play the piano well when he was young.汤姆小时候钢琴弹得非常好。,在疑问句中表示委婉的请求,Could I have a cup of tea？我可以要杯茶吗？,情态动词,用法,例句,must,表示主观看法，意为,“,必须，应该,”,You must finish your homework first.你必须先完成你的家庭作业。,表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句，表示,“,一定,”,The book must be Mary,s because her name was on it.这本书一定是玛丽的，因为书上有她的名字。,should,意为,“,应该,”,，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议,We should keep the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。,may,表示请求、许可，意为,“,可以,”,You may sit here if you want.如果你想的话，你可以坐在这儿。,表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为,“,可能，也许,”,She may come back tomorrow，but I am not sure.她可能明天回来，但是我不确定。,情态动词,用法,例句,might,may的过去式,He asked if he might go home.他问他是否可以回家了。,表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉,Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？,need,表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中,You needn,t say sorry to him.你不需要对他说对不起。,考点,3,动词词义辨析,1.,语境辨析,近几年菏泽，对动词的考查主要为语境辨析，需要学生通过阅读题干辨别选项的不同意思，从而结合常识选出正确的选项。,2,近义词辨析,近义词辨析在菏泽近几年的中考中几乎都涉及到，在写作中也常常面临选词的难题，所以掌握常见的近义词的用法是很有必要的。,常见的易混近义词如下：,(1)seperate,与,divide(,见,P,112,),(2)accept,与,receive(,见,P,102,),(3)win,与,beat(,见,P,41,),(4)spend,，,take,，,cost,与,pay(,见,P,29,),(5)forget,与,leave(,见,P,23,),(6)raise,与,rise(,见,P,62,),(7)borrow,，,lend,与,keep(,见,P,67,),考点,4,动词短语,动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式，常见的动词短语结构有：,1,动词介词,(,宾语只能放在介词后,),；,2,动词副词,(,宾语是名词时，位于副词前后皆可；宾语是代词时，只能位于动词和副词之间,),；,3,动词副词介词,(,宾语只能放在介词后,),；,4,动词名词介词,(,宾语只能放在介词后,),。,八年真题,全练,分析近几年的菏泽中考试题可看出，主要在单项填空中考查动词，涉及动词的词义辨析、动词短语、情态动词、系动词等。完形填空中也涉及实义动词的辨析，综合填空中则是对动词时态的考查。设题形式为简单句。情态动词是菏泽的必考点，主要考查其基本用法和词义辨析。预计在,2018,年依旧会考到动词词义辨析、动词固定短语及情态动词。,考点,1,系动词和助动词,1.2016,菏泽，,24,Oh,，,no!I can,t find my mobile phone!,Well,，,where,_C_,you last put it?,A,have,B,do,C,did,2,2014,菏泽，,4,How do you like the fish I cooked for you?,I haven,t had it yet.However,，,it,_A_,good.,A,smells B,tastes C,sounds D,feels,考点,2,情态动词,3,2017,菏泽，,26Life is valuable,，,so we should always remember safety,_B_,come first wherever we are.,A,can,B,must,C,may,4,2015,菏泽，,32,How do you usually go to school?,My school is far away.I,_C_,take the bus to school.,A,must,B,might,C,have to,5,2014,菏泽，,11,Look,，,someone left a book.,Oh,，,yeah.This book,_B_,be Kitty,s.Only she likes to read this kind of books.,A,can B,must C,may D,might,6,2013,菏泽，,9,Can we run across the road now?,No,，,we,_B_,We have to wait until the light turns green.,A,needn,t B,mustn,t,C,couldn,t D,shouldn,t,7,2012,菏泽，,10,Excuse me,，,can you tell me the way to the People,s Park?,Walk along this road and turn right,，,and the park is on your right.You,_D_,miss it.,A,needn,t B,mustn,t,C,may not D,won,t,8,2011,菏泽，,34,Will you stay for some more days?,Sorry,，,I,C,My mother called to ask me to go back at once.,A,mustn,t B,may not,C,can,t D,wouldn,t,考点,3,动词词义辨析,9,2016,菏泽，,26,Let,s get Laurie a gift for his birthday.,OK.Shall we,_B_,a book online for him?,A,afford,B,order,C,offer,10,2015,菏泽，,24While I was away from my home last year,，,I always,_C_,my family.,A,guessed,B,thought,C,missed,11,2015,菏泽，,31More and more children in the countryside are,_B_,school at an early age to look for work in the cities.,A,going to,B,leaving,C,beginning,12,2013,菏泽，,8You are,_D_,to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesn,t get bored.,A,suggested B,supported C,taught D,supposed,13,2012,菏泽，,7As one of the school rules,，,middle school students are not,_C_,to smoke.,A,ordered B,refused,C,allowed D,forbidden,14,2011,菏泽，,25Mary is tired of learning because she is,_B_,to do better than she can,，,both at school and at home.,A,thought B,expected,C,hoped D,helped,15,2010,菏泽，,25I,m sorry,，,I didn,t,_A_,you clearly.Would you say it again?,A,hear B,notice C,see D,watch,考点,4,动词短语,16,2017,菏泽，,28You spend too much time on your mobile phone.You are supposed to,_B_,the time you spend on it.,A,cut off,B,cut down,C,cut up,17,2016,菏泽，,29Today,，,WeChat(,微信,)becomes very popular,，,and more and more people like to use it to,_B_,each other.,A,depend on B,communicate with C,believe in,18,2015,菏泽，,28Helen is going to work in an old people,s home to help,_B_,the old people.,A,look forward to B,look after C,look through,19,2014,菏泽，,12,“,Learning from Lei Feng Day,”,is only two weeks from now.We need to,_A_,a plan about it.,A,come up with B,put up C,call up D,set up,20,2013,菏泽，,10,Why do you collect so many old bikes?,I,ll have them,_C_,and give away to the children who don,t have bikes.,A,used up B,given up,C,fixed up D,set up,21,2012,菏泽，,13Whenever I see the birds,，,I,ll,_B_,flying in the sky.,A,think up B,dream of,C,work on D,pick up,22,2011,菏泽，,30Last year was a hard time to my friend Jim,，,but he didn,t,D,hope.,A,pick up B,use up C,put up D,give up,23,2010,菏泽，,33He never,A,no matter how many difficulties he has.,A,gives up B,gives in,C,works out D,goes away,猜押预测,1,The air _fresh after the rain.And the sky is blue.,A,feels,B,tastes,C,smells,2,How do you like Li Yundi?,A cool guy!His music _ really beautiful.,A,tastes B,sounds C,smells,3,We _pay to get into the concert.It,s free.,A,can,t B,mustn,t C,don,t have to,4,The British Museum is very serious.Visitors _,_,_ keep quiet.,A,may B,might C,must,C,B,C,C,5,I have been to the moon twice.,You _be joking!It,s impossible!,A,can B,may C,must,6,Must I hand in the report now?,No,，,you _,Tomorrow is OK.,A,can,t B,needn,t C,mustn,t,7,He _be in the classroom,，,I think.,No,，,he_be in the classroom.I saw him go home a minute ago.,A,can,；,may not,B,must,；,may not,C,may,；,can,t,8,I,ve no idea where to go next month.,Why not_visiting Beijing,？,There are so many places of interest there.,A,suggest B,wonder C,consider,C,B,C,C,9,They walked home last night because they couldn,t_to take a taxi.,A,leave B,buy C,afford,10,Come home before dinner time,，,Peter.,I _,，,Mom.,A,promise B,guess C,wish,11,The company can _lunch for you if you work here.,A,feed B,provide C,have,12,Could I _ your iPad,，,Alice?,Of course.Here you are.,A,lend B,keep C,borrow,C,A,B,C,13,It,s cold outside today.You,d better _your jacket.,A,put on B,put up C,put away,14,Be quiet,，,boys and girls!It,s time for class,，,_Unit 3 in your books.,A,look out B,look at C,look after,15,Don,t _too late,，,or you,ll feel sleepy in class.,A,wake up B,get up C,stay up,16,We shouldn,t _our hopes at any time.Everything will be better.,A,cheer up B,fix up C,give up,A,B,C,C,专项,10,非谓语动词,高频考点,精讲,考点,1,动词不定式,一、动词不定式的功能,功能,例句,作主语,To learn English well is important for us.,学好英语对我们来说很重要。,作表语,My work is to clean the room every day.,我的工作是每天打扫房间。,作宾语,(,包括疑问词动词不定式,),Have you decided to go on a trip to Beijing this summer holiday,？你决定今年暑假去北京旅行吗？,作定语,I am not free now.I have a lot of work to do.,我现在没空。我有很多要做的工作。,功能,例句,作状语,They will go to the station to meet their friend.,他们将去车站接他们的朋友。,作宾语补足语,He told me to turn down the TV.,他告诉我把电视机的音量调小。,【,拓展,】常接带,to,的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：,ask,，,tell,，,want,，,teach,，,wish,，,help,，,warn,等。如：,He wants me to be a doctor in the future.,他想让我将来成为一名医生。,常接不带,to,的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词,(,短语,),有：感官动词,feel,，,hear,，,listen to,，,see,，,watch,，,notice,，,look at,；使役动词,let,，,make,，,have,等。如：,What makes you happy,？什么让你高兴？,二、动词不定式常用句型,1,too.to.,表示,“,太,而不能,”,如：,The boy is too young to look after himself.,那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。,2,enough to.,表示,“,足够,”,如：,He is old enough to go to school.,他到了上学的年纪了。,3,Why don,t you,do sth.,Why not do sth.,？表示,“,为什么不做,？,”,如：,Why don,t you get her a scarf,？,Why not get her a scarf,？为什么不给她买条围巾呢？,4,had better,(not),do sth.,，表示,“,最好,(,不,),做某事,”,如：,You,d better not stay here today.,你今天最好别待在这里。,5,Will you please,do sth.,？表示,“,请你做,，好吗？,”,如：,Will you please close the door,？请你把门关上好吗？,6prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.，表示,“,宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,”,如：,She prefers to receive a small gift rather than get a lot of money.,她宁愿收到一份小礼物也不愿意得到一大笔钱。,7It takes sb.some time to do sth.表示,“,某人花一些时间做某事,”,如：,It takes me 3 hours to repair the TV set.,我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。,8It isadj.for sb.to do sth.表示,“,对某人来说做某事是,”,如：,It is hard for the young boy to carry the heavy box.,对这个小男孩来说，搬动这个重箱子是困难的。,考点,2,动名词,动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。,一、动名词的功能,功能,例句,作主语,Saying so much is useless.,说那么多没用处。,作表语,My greatest pleasure is traveling.,我最大的乐趣是旅游。,作宾语,She enjoys going to the cinema.,她喜爱看电影。,作定语,There is a swimming pool here.,这儿有一个游泳池。,二、常跟动名词的词,(,组,),有：,finish doing sth.,做完某事,practice doing sth.,练习做某事,be worth doing sth.,值得做某事,be busy doing sth.,忙于做某事,keep doing sth.,一直做某事,dislike doing sth.,不喜欢做某事,be used to doing sth.,习惯做某事,give up doing sth.,放弃做某事,consider doing sth.,考虑做某事,suggest doing sth.,建议做某事,can,t help doing sth.,忍不住做某事,feel like doing sth.,想要做某事,enjoy doing sth.,喜欢做某事,miss doing sth.,错过做某事,imagine doing sth.,想象做某事,mind doing sth.,介意做某事,avoid doing sth.,避免做某事,look forward to doing sth.,期待做某事,stop/prevent/keep,.from doing sth.,阻止做某事,be good at doing sth.,擅长做某事,succeed in doing sth.,成功做某事,【,拓展,】有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：,八年真题,全练,分析近几年的菏泽中考试题，对非谓语动词考查较少。预计,2018,年菏泽中考的单项填空和完形填空对非谓语动词的考查可能性很小。但这一部分仍为英语语法中的基础与重点，考生在复习时也不能忽视对这一知识点的掌握。,考点,1,动词不定式,2017,菏泽，,29,Have you decided when,_C_,？,Yes,，,tomorrow morning.,A,will you leave,B,are you leaving,C,to leave,猜押预测,1,People who won,t work should be made _.,A,work,B,to work,C,working,2,People plant more bamboo _ pandas.,A,help B,to help C,helped,3,What happens when you hear a strange noise at night,，,or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom,？,It often makes us _,A,jump B,to jump C,jumping,4,We advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.,A,not leave B,not to leave C,leave,5,It,s difficult for me _my homework in such a short time.,Come on!I,m sure you can.,A,finished B,to finish C,will finish,B,B,A,B,B,6,Have you finished_the storybook?,Yes,，,I have.,A,to read B,read C,reading,7,Dad,，,I,m really tired and hungry.,Why not stop _ and eat some cookies?,A,to do your homework,B,do your homework,C,doing your homework,8,Martin was so busy _ the old that he gave up his part,time job.,A,helping B,helped C,to help,9,Would you mind _ now,？,It,s already midnight.,Sorry,，,I won,t.,A,not singing B,not to sing C,don,t sing,10,Is Jack in the next room?,Well,，,it,s hard to say.But I heard him _ loudly when I passed by just now.,A,speak B,to speak C,speaking,C,C,A,A,C,专项,11,动词的时态,高频考点,精讲,考点,1,动词的时态,1.,一般现在时,意义：,(1),现阶段经常性或习惯性动作。,(2),目前的状态。,(3),客观真理。,构成：,be,动词用,am/is/are,；主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词在词尾加,s,或,es,；其他人称和数用动词原形。,时间标志词：,often,，,sometimes,，,usually,，,always,，,twice a month,，,on Sundays,，,every week/month/year,等。如：,He usually leaves for school at 7,：,00 in the morning.,他通常早上,7,点去学校。,2,一般过去时,意义：,(1),过去发生的动作。,(2),过去存在的状态。,构成：,be,动词用,was/were,；其他动词用过去式。,时间标志词：,just now,，,.ago,，,in,过去的年份，,last night/week/month,，,yesterday,，,the other day,等。如：,We went to the History Museum last Monday.,上周一我们去了历史博物馆。,3,一般将来时,意义：,(1),将来发生的动作。,(2),将来存在的状态。,构成：,(1),助动词,will(shall),动词原形。,(2)am/is/are going to,动词原形。,时间标志词：,tomorrow,，,from now on,，,soon,，,in the future,，,next year/week/month,等。如：,I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.,明天我将在校门口见你。,在时间和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。,