高考完型填空解题方法与技巧初探.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/10/3,#,届高考二轮复习,高考完型填空解题方法初探,红安一中 周智,第1页,纲领,一、近五年高考真题简单回顾（综述）,二、考题分析（考什么？）,三、解题方法探究（怎么办？）,四、备考提议,第2页,一、近五年高考真题回顾（综述）,1,、,年 故事类 学习手语,2,、,年 故事类 道路救援,3,、,年 故事类 助人为乐,4,、,年 生活哲理类 喜新厌旧，周而复始,（夹叙夹议）,5,、,年 故事类 体验轮椅上生活,第3页,二、考题分析（考什么？）,着重考查考生对语义、语境、语篇深层次了解,与判断,，并在掌握文章主旨大意基础上，正确了解句与句、段与段之间内在联络。,详细,考查考生是否能准确判断和选择符合特定上下文,语境,动词、名词、形容词、副词或其它词,。,动词考查依然是首位（,17,年,多达,11,处）,，同时关注了名词（,5,处）,、形容词（,3,处）,与副词（,1,处）。,第4页,三、解题方法探究（怎么办？）,（一）解题方法与技巧,1,、步骤,第一步：跳读全文。,带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做题及时处理掉。,第二步：初选答案。,对每一道题进行认真分析，找到答案，遵照先易后难解题标准。,第5页,第三步：推敲解难。,把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑比较难解答题，以及句子之间和段落之间逻辑关联较强题，经过对篇章作通盘考虑，认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。,第四步：复查验证。,解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍，从整体上准确把握文章真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入一些选项。,第6页,2,、方法与技巧,以近五年高考题为例,例,1,、,(,全国卷一,)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,college sets the stage for that exploration.,After that,feeling the need to,52,further,I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.,52.A.exercise B.explore C.express D.explain,第7页,（,1,）复现法,复现，是确保文章前后衔接而经常使用一个写作伎俩，即作者在文章上,、,下文不一样位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。,复现关系，主要是指,原词复现,、,同义词复现,、,近义词复现,、,反义词复现,等。,第8页,例,1,、,(,全国卷一,)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,college sets the stage for that exploration.,After that,feeling the need to,52,further,I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.,52.A.exercise B.explore C.express D.explain,解析：首段首句出现关键词,explore,，依据原词复现不难选出,B,选项,explore,。,B,第9页,例,2,、,and found something that has changed my,42,at college for the better:I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(,美式手语,).,What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the,50(past),.,42.A.progress B.experience,C.major D.opinion,解析：后文（第三段）出现关键词,had experienced,，依据原词、同义复现不难选出,B,选项,experience,，,另第,43,题解题原理如上。,B,第10页,例,3,、,Little did I know that I would discover my,45,for ASL.,Now,I appreciate the silence and the,60_,way of communication it opens.,45.A.love B.concern C.goal D.request,例,4,、,I decided to drop in on one of ASL club,s meetings.I then made it a point to,55,those meetings and learn all I could.,55.A.chair B.sponsor C.attend D.organize,解析：以上两题，依据近义复现不难选出正确选项，,另第,60,题解题原理如上。,A,C,第11页,例,5,、,I never felt an urge to,43,any sign language before.My entire family is hearing,and so are all my friends.The,44,language were enough in all my interactions(,交往,).Little did I know that I would discover my,45,for ASL.,44.A.official B.foreign C.body D.spoken,解析：本段第一句中出现了“,neversign language,”表述，结合句意表示需要，依据反义复现可轻松选出,D,项,spoken,。,D,第12页,（,2,）逻辑关系解题法,例,6,、,I myself went through this,41,process and found something that has changed my,42,at college for the better:I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(,美式手语,).,41.A.searching B.planning,C.natural D.formal,第13页,（,2,）逻辑关系解题法,从逻辑意义,上,来看，,篇章句内、,句,间、段间逻辑,关系可分为平列、次序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等,，但,有时,也,能够包含一个以上,逻辑,关系,，常经过逻辑词进行连接。,第14页,表并列：,and,，,but,，,or,，,so,，,while,等,表列举：,first,，,second,for example,such as,；,on one hand,on the other hand,；,for one thing,，,for another,等,表递进,:furthermore,moreover,whats more,besides,in addition,等,表示让步和转折,关系,:though,although,however,，,nevertheless,，,still,，,yet,，,in spite of,等,表示因,果关系,：,because,，,since,，,as,；,so,，,therefore,，,thus,，,accordingly,，,consequently,，,as a result,等；,表示对,照关系,：,on the contrary,，,by contrast,，,in comparison,，,by comparison,等；,表示条件：,if,，,suppose(that),，,supposing(that),，,unless,，,in case,，,so(as)long as,，,so far as,第15页,例,6,、,I myself went through this,41,process and found something that has changed my,42,at college for the better:I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(,美式手语,).,41.A.searching B.planning C.natural D.formal,解析：逻辑词,and,作并列连词时表并列或顺承关系，依据其后,found,不难选出,A,项。,A,第16页,例,7,、,I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.,58,if there had been any talking,it would have,59,us to learn less.,58.A.Lastly B.Thus C.InsteadD.However,解析：结合本段主旨，第,58,题所在虚拟条件句是对其上一句进行反向证实，故选,C,项。,C,第17页,（,3,）上义词、下义词法,上义词,(,superordinate),是,某一类事物总称,对事物概括性、抽象性说明；,下义词（,hyponym,y,）是,在总称下,某一,详细事物,或事物详细表现形式或更为详细说明。,apple,pear,orange,banana,sugar,orange,navel orange,sweet orange,F,ruit,第18页,例,8,、（,）,Once fire and emergency people arrived,Larry and the other man,56,and let them go to work.Then,Larry asked the,57,if he was needed or,58,to go.They let him and the other man go.,57.A.woman B.police C.man D.driver,解析：,fire and emergency people,作为,police,上义词，不难选出或确定本题答案为,B,选项。,B,第19页,例,9,、,I watched as the ASL Club,47,their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very,48,of communicating without speaking,49,me.,47.A.recorded B.performed,C.recited D.discussed,解析：第,47,小题可结合后文中下义词,hand movements,和,sign,得出,performed(,演出；执行）即,B,项。,B,第20页,（,4,）篇章结构分析法,常见英文篇章、段落结构特点：,1,、,金字塔式。,在此结构中,主旨段（主旨句）,置于,文（段）,首,启领下文,。（,总,分,）,2,、,倒金字塔式,。,主旨段（主旨句）,在,结尾处,全,文（段）,收束。,（,分,总,）,3,、,钻石式。,信息含量较大,篇幅较长,文章,为使读者对,文,中,主旨段,增强印象,往往开头有领句,文章,末,尾有结句。,（,总,分,总,）,4,、,哑铃式,。描写情景,叙述事故,或进行争辩时,作者先写支撑观点句子,后加以总结,概括出主题,段（主旨句）,随即再就这一主题进行扩展讨论。,（,分,总,分,）,第21页,文章段落,大,都,由,三个主要部分组成,：,1),主题句阐述段落中心思想,;,2),论证句列举原因、范例、事实或引语来说明中心思想,;,3),结论句表示段落结束,，总结本段内容,。,第22页,例,10,、,(,全国卷一,)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this,41,process and found something that has changed my,42,at college for the better:I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(,美式手语,).,全国卷一完型填空文章即为“总,分”结构文章，该文首段为主旨段落。,第23页,例,11,、,（,全国卷一）,One thing is,59,Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle!His,60,most likely saved the womans life.,60.A.patience B.skills C.efforts D.promise,全国卷一完型填空文章即为“分,总”结构文章，该文末段为主旨段落。,解析：综合全文，从“发觉车祸,灭火,报警,安抚,离开,总结段”发展过程不难看出是他“努力”救了他人，故选,C,项。,第24页,（,5,）背景常识解题,有时文章中提供信息还不够，还有时对语言把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以利用，最终选出符合题目标最正确答案。,第25页,例,12,、,(,全国卷一,)Larry works with Transport Drivers,Inc.One morning in,Larry was,41,along I65 north after delivering to one of his,42,.,42.A.passengers B.colleagues,C.employers D.customers,解析：,42,题依据其前一句“在运输企业工作”，结合常识不难判断“他是给一名用户运输完东西后回程”，故选,D,项。,D,第26页,例,13,、,Larry pulled over,set the brake and,47,the fire extinguisher(,灭火器,).Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.,47.A.got hold of B.prepared,C.took charge of D.controlled,解析：灭火器是怎样形状？使用时候是背着？还是抱着？依据常识当然是选,A.got hold of,（掌握；抓住；得到）。,第27页,例,13,、,Just sitting in the wheelchair was a,39,experience.I had never considered before how,40,it would be to use one.As soon as I sat down my,41,made the chair begin to roll.Its wheels were not,42,.Then I wondered where to put my,43,.It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into,44,.I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of,45,for several hours.For disabled people,“,adopting a wheelchair,”,is not a temporary(,暂时,),46,.,39.A.learning B.working C.satisfying D.relaxing,40.A.convenient B.awkward C.boring D.exciting,41.A.height B.force C.skill D.weight,42.A.locked B.repaired C.powered D.grasped,43.A.hands B.feet C.keys D.handles,44.A.place B.action C.play D.effect,45.A.operation B.communication C.transportation D.production,46.A.exploration B.education C.experiment D.entertainment,第28页,41-45 ABCDA 46-50 CBADB,51-55 DBCAC 56-60 DACBD,正确答案分布情况：,5A 5B 5C 5D,（,年以来,皆如此,）,完形答案分析,第29页,四、备考提议,1,、狠,抓词汇不放松。尤其是,3500,个考纲词汇，最少通背一遍。,2,、,做真题，练逻辑。要做近五年高考全国卷真题，做完之后，诵读文章。,3,、,重视语感培养，坚持多听、多读。,第30页,四大要素,词汇,逻辑,常识,语法,+,一个主题,+,语境,总 结,第31页,Thank you,!,第32页,