本人刘逸,1968年10月生,1991年毕业于江汉石 -.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lecture Eighteen,Translating Special Sentence Patterns in Chinese,汉语特殊句型的翻译,The sentence structure with“,是”,“是”字句在汉语中占有相当的比例，但并非所有的”是”都是判断词，因此不能机械地用英语的连系动词,be,来翻译，必须结合语境含义译之。汉语中的”是”可表示等同、类属、特征、存在等意义；”是,的”含有被动意义；与”才”、”就”、”正”等连用表示强调；”是”还可以表示一种直观表象或结果。下面介绍一些”是”字句的翻译方法。,1.,译为英语连系动词,be,-,改革是振兴中国的唯一出路，是人心所向，大势所趋，不可逆转。,Reform is the only process through which China can be revitalized,a process which is irreversible and which accords with the will of the people and the general trend of events.,-,那年月，有钱人是天天过年。,In those years,the rich peoples extravagance was such that everyday was a Spring Festival.,-,是党和政府的正确方针和政策，促进了广大农村的经济繁荣。,It is the correct principles and policies of our Party and Government that have promoted the economic prosperity of Chinas vast rural areas.,2.,省略”是”字,-,武汉是长江中下游地区的特大城市，是湖北省的政治、经济、文化、科技中心。,Wuhan,a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River,is the political,economic,cultural,scientific and technological center of Hubei Province.(,译文利用同位语，将第一个”是”省略,),-,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，社会生产力水平总的还比较低。,As the largest developing country in the world China has a relatively low level of productive forces on the whole.,-,工业企业效益差是当前许多矛盾的症结所在。,All the contradictions existing in industrial enterprises today boil down to scanty economic returns.,3.,译为被动语态,-,革命者是杀不完的。,Revolutionaries can never be wiped out.,-,这双皮鞋是定做的。,This pair of leather shoes are custom-made.,-,这种装置在机械表制造工业中是很需要的。,This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry,.,4.,根据”是”的实际意义翻译,-,创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。,Innovation sustains the progress of a nation.,-,这是大势所趋，人心所向。,This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people.,-,澳门问题的圆满解决，是中葡两国关系史上的一个重要里程碑,。,The successful settlement of the Macao question marks an important milestone in the annals of Sino-Portuguese relation.,-,这个增长速度是指导性的，是就全国来说的。,This growth rate serves as a guide which applies to the country as a whole,.,5.,译为,but it is(was),-,这个故事好是好，就是长了点。,It is a good story all right,but its a bit too long.,6.,用,there be,结构翻译表示”凡是”的”是”字,-,是重活，他都抢着干。,Whenever theres a tough job,he is always the first to do it.,The sentence structure with“,得”,汉语结构助词”得”一般用在动词或形容词之后，连接补语成分，表示能力、可能性、结果、程度等。汉语的”得”字，可根据其语法功能，利用英语的词法或句法手段翻译。,1.,用情态助动词翻译”得”字,英语的情态助动词,can,could,be able to,可以表示能力；,may,might,can,could,表示可能性，因此可以利用它们来翻译表示能力或可能性的”得”字。例如：,-,她的英语讲得好。,She can speak English well.,-,你干得了这件事吗？,Can you do it?,-,他看得出两者的差别。,He was able to see the difference between the two.,2.,用词法手段翻译”得”字,英语的后缀,-ible,-able,构成的词语可以表示能力或可能性，因此也可利用这类词翻译”得”字。例如：,-,有些星星肉眼都看得很清楚。,Some stars are quite visible to the unaided eye.,-,这个人靠得住吗,?,Is the man reliable?,-,这个道理讲得通。,The reason is acceptable,.,3.,用固定结构翻译”得”字,当”得”字表示结果或程度时，可利用英语中表示相同意义的固定结构如,so that,等来翻译。例如：,-,地板霉烂得有许多地方不能再擦洗了。,The floors were in so rotten a condition that many of them could not be scrubbed.,-,不要高兴得忘乎所以。,Dont be so happy as to forget everything.,-,天气闷热得大家喘不过气来。,It was such a hot and stuffy weather that people were out of breath.,-,这些苹果酸得不能吃。,These apples are too sour for eating.,4.,省略”得”字,有时，”得”字无需翻译，只需翻译”得”字位于其中的短语即可。例如：,-,他们俩人很合得来。,Both of them got well along with each other.,-,学生们听课听得很入神。,The students listened to the lecture attentively.,-,你来得正是时候。,You came in the nick of time.,-,游客们玩得很开心。,The visitors had a wonderful time.,-,这件事情做得非常出色。,Its exceedingly well done.,The sentence structure with“,把”,同汉语”是”字句一样，”把”字句也是汉语的一种常见句型。汉语中的”把”字主要起引导受事者的作用，语态形式上表现为主动式，因此使汉语减少了被动句的使用频率，很多被动意义都可借助”把”字句来表达。”把”字”常与表示人的生理或心理状态的词语，如”忙、累、急、气”等搭配，引导表示结果的补语；”把”字可与”一”、”当作”、”给”等连用，构成”把,一,”,、”把,当作,”,、”把,给,”,句型；”把”可用于句首建构祈使句。”把”字的翻译要兼顾其语法及语义功能以及英语的表达习惯。,1.,省略”把”字,-,我错把她当作她的孪生妹妹了。,I mistook her for her sister.,-,他的话几乎把我给气疯了。,What he said almost made me go mad.,-,房地产商人把沿海滩的空地全部抢购一空。,The real estate businessmen took up all the land available along the beach.,-,今天是什么风把你给吹来的,?,What has brought you here today?,2.,译为被动句,-,他所做的一切把我感动得流下了眼泪。,I was moved to tears by what he had done.,-,把这些救灾物资送到洪灾区是当前的第一要务。,It is currently the first and foremost thing that these disaster-relief supplies should be dispatched to the flood-stricken areas.,-,隆隆的大炮声把傀儡军吓坏了。,The puppet soldiers were frightened to death by the rumbling of cannons.,The sentence structure with“,搞”,目下，”搞”字在汉语里的流行之势，使有人发出”怎一个搞字了得”的感叹。关于”搞”的妙用，作家孙绍振说：“搞字的功能可分为两类：丑的则遮蔽，不丑的则美化；可谓有美皆备，无丽不臻。”鉴于”搞”在汉语中倍受青睐这一语言事实，其翻译就成为绕不过去的问题。”搞”字意思之丰富，用得之活，不是汉语的”做”所能望其背项的，如果不考虑风格和情感，倒有点像英语的,do,，几乎是个”万能”动词。”搞”字的翻译，应当具体问题具体分析，弄清其在具体语境中的具体含义，然后再选择恰当的词语译之。,1.,译为动词或动词短语,“搞”最常见的意义是”做”、”干”、”弄”、”从事”、”进行”等，因此可用,do,get,make,work,practise,engage in,go in for,等来翻译。例如：,-,搞字对字的翻译常常是行不通的。,It is often unacceptable to do a word-to-word translation.,-,这事没啥搞头。,Theres no point in doing that.,-,中国现在实行对外开放、对内搞活的政策。,China is now implementing the policy of opening to the outside world and invigorating the domestic economy.,-,他俩合起来搞我。,The two of them joined in making things difficult for me.,-,我们想搞水果蔬菜生意。,We are thinking of starting up in the fruit and vegetable trade.,-,他一心要把对手搞臭。,He is bent on discrediting his opponent.,2.,译为其他词类,-,你们在搞什么名堂,?,What are you up to?(“,搞”译为副词短语,up to),-,我们的国家大，人口众多，经济落后，农业要搞上去，最重要的还是要调动农民的积极性，自力更生，艰苦奋斗。,Agricultural advance in so vast a country,with such a large population and backward economy as in China,requires above all else mobilizing the initiative of peasants to work hard and self-reliantly.(“,搞”译为名词,advance),3.,省略“搞”字,-,我们确定搞两个开放：一个是对内开放，一个是对外开放。,We have decided on an open policy in two respects:namely,to open up both externally and internally.,-,但我的事现在搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。,But there had been too much publicity about my case.,-,我们必须一心一意搞建设。,We must concentrate on economic development.,-,这工作不好搞。,This is a difficult job.,4.,译为被动句,-,能不能尽快把科技搞上去，这是一个关系到社会主义全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。,Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as possible is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the destiny and future of our country.,翻译实践,原文,：,If people mean anything at all by the expression“untimely death”,they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others.Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thought to be a full one.But with the passing of a young person,one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.,History denies this,of course.Among prominent summer deaths,one recalls those of MariLarry Monroe and James Deans,whose lives seemed equally brief and complete.Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26,and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year.The id ea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measure d by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.,参考译文,：,说起“早逝”，人们或有所指，他们定然相信有些死亡更合天意。寿终正寝不能称作未尽天年,长寿即意味着生命的圆满。但英年早逝则会引发感慨：美好年华未竟，评说尚待时日。,然而历史并非如此。提及英年早逝，人们自会忆起玛丽莲,梦露及詹姆士,迪思。两人生命虽短，却照样圆满。诗人约翰,济慈年仅,26,岁便溘然长逝，作家们对此深感惋惜。过了,26,岁之后，他们便不无戏谑地叹息自己一生无所作为。“生命短暂即不圆满”，此种观点荒谬无理。生命的价值在其影响、在其勃发、在其立德于世。,翻译讲评,1,、“,If people mean anything at all by the expression“untimely death”,they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others”,参考译文：提起英年“早逝”，人们或有所指。人们定会相信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。寿终正寝极少称为“早逝”,2,、“,But with the passing of a young person,one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken,”,参考译文：但英年早逝则会引发感慨：美好年华未竟，评说尚待时日。,Assignment,Do Exercises 1 and 2 in the textbook(p.178).,