时态和语态 高考英语 语法.ppt

,考点精讲领悟,高考集训启迪,预测模拟演练,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,工具,语法专项提升,栏目导引,时态和语态,1,可表示客观真理、科学事实。,The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。,2,可用在由,if,，,unless,引导的条件状语从句；由,even if,/though,引导的让步状语从句；由,when,，,before,，,until/,till,，,as soon as,，,the moment,引导的时间状语从句；由,no matter what,/who/,when,/where/,how,或,whatever,，,whoever,等引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。,(2009,辽宁卷,)My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.,我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。,Whatever you say,，,I will not change my mind.,无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。,1.(2010,重庆卷,)The palace caught fire three times in the last century,，,and little of the original,building_now,.,A,remains,B,is remained,C,is remaining D,has been remained,解析：,句意为：该宫殿在上世纪曾三次失火，现在原始的建筑物所剩无几。考查动词时态和语态。,remain,是不及物动词，没有被动式或进行式，故排除,B,、,C,和,D,，而选择,A,。,答案：,A,2,(2010,合肥第三次教学检测,)I called you last night,，,but nobody answered.,Oh,，,I usually _off my,cellphone,by 8,00 pm.,A,switched B,have switched,C,switch D,had switched,解析：,考查时态。题干中有副词,usually,，叙述答话人的生活习惯，因此这里用一般现在时。我通常在晚上,8,点关机。,答案：,C,3,(2010,辽宁卷,),I_all,the cooking for my family,，,but recently Ive been too busy to do it.,A,will do B,do,C,am doing D,had done,解析：,句意为：我通常都为家人做饭，但是最近太忙了就无暇顾及了。本题考查时态。,A.,将会做，表将来；,B.,通常做，表经常；,C.,正在做，表进行；,D.,过去已经做完，过去完成时。从后面最近太忙的状况来看，应该是平常替家人做饭，所以选,B,。,答案：,B,4,(2010,全国卷,)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women,who_evening,dress.,A,wear B,wears,C,has worn D,have worn,解析：,句意为：,Barbara,是唯一穿晚礼服的女性，所以认出她很容易。本题考查动词时态。先行词,the only one of the women,在从句中作主语，中心词是,one,，从句谓语动词与之保持一致，故答案为,B,项。,答案：,B,一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用,(,或上下文语境有暗示,),；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。,(2009,重庆卷,)Ive got to go now.,现在我必须走了。,Must you,？,I thought you could stay for dinner with us.,你必须走吗？我认为你要留下来和我们一起吃饭。,Your phone number again,？,I didnt quite catch it.,再重复一下你的电话号码好吗？我没记下来。,Its 9568686.,是,9568686,。,1.(2010,全国卷,)Excuse me,，,I_I was blocking your way.,A,didnt realize,B,dont realize,C,havent realized,D,wasnt realizing,解析：,句意为：抱歉，我不知道挡了你的路。本题考查时态。,“,没有意识到,”,这一动作应该发生在过去，故答案选,A,项。,答案：,A,2,(2010,重庆卷,)The book has been translated into thirty languages since,it_on,the market in 1973.,A,had come,B,has come,C,came,D,comes,解析：,句意为：该书自,1973,年上市以来已被译成三十种语言。考查动词时态。,since,从句应该用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。,答案：,C,3,(2010,南通二模,)Where have you been all day?,I _some former classmates and I couldnt get back until it was dark.,A,have met B,met,C,would meet D,had met,解析：,考查动词时态。应答句是陈述过去的一个事实，用一般过去时，选,B,。,答案：,B,1,在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。,I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.,除非我亲眼看到，我是不会相信你的。,Please dont get off the bus until it has stopped.,车未停，请不要下车。,2,现在完成时除可以和,for,或,since,引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：,during,/in/,over the,last(past)few,years(months,，,weeks),，,in recent years,等。,下列句型中常用现在完成时：,It is(has been),一段时间,since,从句,This(That/It)is the first(second.)time that,完成时,(2009,陕西卷,)This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.,这是我们全家第一次到电影院去看电影。,1.(2010,浙江卷,)For many years,，,people_electric,cars.However,，,making them has been more difficult than predicted.,A,had dreamed of B,have dreamed of,C,dreamed of D,dream of,解析：,句意为：多年以来，人们都梦想着电力汽车的出现。但是，制造电力汽车比预想的要更加复杂。本题考查动词时态。根据时间状语,for many years,可知句子时态为完成时态，故排除,C,项和,D,项；句子并没有过去的时间或过去的动作，因此不存在,“,过去的过去,”,，排除,A,项。,答案：,B,2,(2010,四川卷,)When shall we restart our business?,Not until,we_our,plan.,A,will finish B,are finishing,C,are to finish D,have finished,解析：,句意为：,我们何时恢复我们的业务？,直到我们完成了计划。本题考查动词的时态。,until,引导的是时间状语从句，用现在时表将来，所以,A,、,C,两项被排除；,finish,几乎不用于进行时；根据句意,D,项正确。,答案：,D,3,(2010,北京卷,)Im sorry,，,but I dont quite follow,you.Did,you say you wanted to return on September 20?,Sorry,，,I_myself,clear.We,want to return on October 20.,A,hadnt made,B,wouldnt make,C,dont make,D,havent made,解析：,句意为：,抱歉，我不太明白你的意思。你刚才是说你们要在,9,月,20,日返回吗？,对不起，是我没有表述清楚。我们要在,10,月,20,日返回。本题考查动词的时态。根据句意可以看出,“,没有表述清楚,”,是当前的一种情况，是说话人做过的事情对现在的一种影响，,D,项是现在完成时，表明现在的情况和影响，符合题意。,A,项为过去完成时，,B,项表示过去常常，与语境不符；,C,项为一般现在时，表示通常情况下都如此，也不符合语境。,答案：,D,1,表示,“,一,就,”,的几个固定句型：,Hardly,/No sooner/,Scarcely had,主语过去分词,when,/than/,before,从句,(,一般过去时,),。,Hardly(No,sooner)had,I got home when(,than)the,rain poured down.,我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。,2,by,，,by the end,，,by the time,，,until,，,before,，,since,后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。,By the end of last year,，,another new cinema had been built in our city.,到去年年底，我们城市又建了一个新电影院。,3,表示愿望、打算类的词，如,hope,，,expect,，,mean,，,intend,，,want,，,think,等，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图等。,I had meant to help you,，,but I was too busy at the moment.,我本打算帮助你，但当时我太忙了。,I had intended to call on you yesterday,，,but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.,我昨天本来要去看你的，但是刚要出门就有人来访。,1.(2010,安徽卷,)Were you surprised by the ending of the film?,No,，,I_the,book,，,so I already knew the story.,A,was reading B,had read,C,am reading D,have read,解析：,句意为：,你对电影的结局感到惊奇吗？,不，我曾经读过那本书，因此对故事的内容已了如指掌。本题考查时态。根据句意可知说话者说的是过去的事情，故用过去时，排除,C,、,D,两项；,A,项为进行体，表示,“,未完性,”,，和后句中的内容相悖，故也被排除。由句意可知,read,应该发生在,were surprised,之前，属于,“,过去的过去,”,，故答案为,B,。,答案：,B,2,(2010,湖南卷,)I was just going to cut my rose bushes but,someone_it.Was,it you?,A,has done B,had done,C,would do D,will do,解析：,句意为：我打算修剪我的蔷薇丛，但是,(,却发现,),有人已经修剪过了。是你做的吗？本题考查动词的时态。因为别人修剪的动作发生在,was going to.,之前，即,“,过去的过去,”,，所以用过去完成时。,答案：,B,1,现在进行时表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；,go,，,come,等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。,(,重庆高考,)Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.,青少年们正在损害自己的健康，因为他们玩的电脑游戏太多了。,He is always thinking of others first.(,表赞赏,),他总是先为别人着想。,He is always making the same mistake.(,表厌烦,),他总是犯同样的错误。,2,过去进行时,(1),表示当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。,Hey,，,look where you are going!,嘿，看看你往哪儿走？,Oh,，,Im terribly,sorry.I,wasnt noticing.,噢！非常抱歉！我没注意。,(2),某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由,when,或,while,引导的时间状语从句中。持续性动作用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。,Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.,当没人注意的时候，汤姆溜进屋来。,The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.,那位记者说，当他看到时，不明飞行物正在自东向西飞行。,3,将来进行时的用法：将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有：,at this time tomorrow,/the day after tomorrow,，,from 1,30 to 4,30 tomorrow/,the day after tomorrow,。,(2009,安徽卷,)Daniels family will be enjoying their holiday in,Huangshan,this time next week.,Daniel,的家人下星期的这时将正在黄山度假。,4,现在完成进行时,(1),表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且现在还在进行。,I have been learning English since three years ago.,三年以来我一直在学英语。,(,现在还在学,),The workers have been building the bridge for five months.,工人们建造这座桥已经,5,个月了。,(,现在还在修建,),(2),表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。,Where have you been,？,We have been looking for you everywhere.,你刚才去了哪里？我们一直在到处找你。,1.(2010,北京卷,)Im not finished with my dinner yet.,But our,friends_for,us.,A,will wait,B,wait,C,have waited D,are waiting,解析：,句意为：,我还没有吃完饭呢。,可是朋友们在等我们。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境,“,正在等我们,”,可以判断此处为现在进行时，故选择,D,项。,答案：,D,2,(2011,东北三校第一次联考,)Look,！,What a mistake,！,Why?,Sorry,，,I_on,it.,A,dont concentrate,B,hadnt concentrated,C,havent been concentrating,D,wasnt concentrating,解析：,考查时态。此处表示的是在说话之前的那段时间内没有专心，因此用过去进行时。,答案：,D,3,(2010,福建卷,)Guess what,，,weve got our visas for a,shortterm,visit to the UK this summer.,How nice,！,You_a,different culture then.,A,will be experiencing B,have experienced,C,have been experiencing D,will have experienced,解析：,句意为：,你猜怎么着，我们获得了今年夏季去英国进行短期访问的签证。,太棒了！到时候，你将会体验到不同的文化。本题考查动词时态。由,this summer,可知此处应该用将来时，而,then,表示将来的某个时间点，故用将来进行时。,答案：,A,4,(2010,浙江卷,)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring,，,you_fresh,watermelon in the fall.,A,eat B,would eat,C,have eaten D,will be eating,解析：,句意为：如果在春天种下西瓜种子，秋天你就会吃到新鲜的西瓜。本题考查动词时态。,A,项为一般现在时态；,B,项为过去将来时态；,C,项为现在完成时态；,D,项为将来进行时态，表示将来某时间正在进行或某阶段内一直在进行的动作，,in the fall,为表示将来的时间状语，故答案为,D,项。,答案：,D,5,(2010,陕西卷,)I have to see the doctor because,I_a,lot lately.,A,have been coughing B,had coughed,C,coughed D,cough,解析：,句意为：我得去看医生，因为我近来一直咳嗽得很厉害。本题考查的是时态问题。根据句子中的,lately,，可知设空处表示现在的事情，故用现在时，排除,B,、,C,两项；,D,项表习惯性动作，故被排除。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在且现在还在进行。,答案：,A,6,(2010,江西卷,)Mother wanted to be a good provider,，,a role,she_since,her marriage to Father.,A,shoulders B,shouldered,C,is shouldering D,has been shouldering,解析：,句意为：妈妈想做一个好的,(,家庭,),供应者，一个自从和父亲结婚以来就一直承担着的角色。本题考查动词时态。由,since,和题意可知本题应用现在完成进行时。,答案：,D,1,get,过去分词表被动,They got married last week.,他们上周结婚了。,He fell and got hurt.,他摔倒受伤了。,2,主动形式表被动意义,(1),系动词,look,，,feel,，,sound,，,smell,，,taste,，,seem,，,appear,，,go,，,prove,，,turn,等形容词,/,名词。,Ice feels cold.,冰摸上去凉。,His plan proved(to be)practical.,他的计划被证明符合实际。,(2),表示主语的某种属性的词：,read,，,write,，,act,，,cut,，,draw,，,drive,，,sell,，,wash,，,clean,，,wear,，,open,，,cook,，,lock,，,look,，,shut,等。,The books sell well.,这些书畅销。,The door wont lock.,门锁不上。,This coat dries easily.,这种外衣容易干。,The plan worked out wonderfully.,这计划制定得很好。,The engine wont start.,引擎发动不起来。,The pen writes smoothly.,这只钢笔写起来流利。,1.(2010,陕西卷,)It is reported that many a new,house_at,present in the disaster area.,A,are being built B,were being built,C,was being built D,is being built,解析：,句意为：据报道，目前在这个受灾地区正在建很多新房子。本题考查的是主谓一致和时态。,many a,：,a large number of,许多。,many a,单数名词单数动词。如：,Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.,很多坚强的人面对这种挑战都动摇了。,Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs.,很多著名的流行音乐歌星都因毒品而被毁了。根据谓语动词应该用单数，排除,A,和,B,两项。根据,at present,，时态应该是现在时态，所以,D,选项是正确的。,答案：,D,2,(2008,福建卷,)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs,they_before,leaving their hometowns.,A,promised B,were promised,C,have promised D,have been promised,解析：,句意为：每年有相当多的农民工到深圳寻求可以挣到很多钱的工作。在离家之前，往往已经有人承诺他们会得到这样的工作。本题考查时态及语态。说话者说的是目前的一种现象，故用现在时，排除,A,、,B,两项；又因,they,与,promise,之间为被动关系，故应该用被动语态，排除,C,项。,答案：,D,3,(2010,四川卷,)Youve failed to do what,you_to,and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.,A,will expect B,will be expected,C,expected D,were expected,解析：,句意为：你没有按照预期的要求去做，恐怕老师会责怪你。本题考查动词的时态和语态。由句意可知,you,和,expect,之间是被动关系，故,A,、,C,两项被排除；结合句子前后的两个时态可知设空处使用将来时不合适，,B,也排除。,答案：,D,4,(2010,全国卷,)Linda,，,make sure the,tables_before,the guests arrive.,A,be set B,set,C,are set D,are setting,解析：,句意为：,Linda,，确保在客人来之前桌子已摆好。,table,与,set,之间是被动关系，故,C,项正确。,答案：,C,1,(2010,湖南卷,)This coastal,area_a,national wildlife reserve last year.,A,was named B,named,C,is named D,names,解析：,句意为：去年，这块沿海地区被命名为国家野生动物保护区。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知此处应用被动语态。由句中时间状语,last year,可知，谓语动词应该为过去时态，故答案为,A,。,答案：,A,2,(2010,天津卷,)Traditional folk arts of,Tianjin,like paper,cutting_at,the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.,A,are exhibiting B,is exhibiting,C,are being exhibited D,is being exhibited,解析：,句意为：像剪纸等天津民间艺术正在,2010,上海世博会的文化展览中展出。本题考查被动语态和主谓一致两个语法点。句子的主语为,arts(,名词复数,),，故排除,B,、,D,两项；,exhibit,和主语,arts,为被动关系，故用被动语态，故答案为,C,项。,答案：,C,3,(2010,新课标全国卷,)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_.,A,is made B,would make,C,was to be made D,had made,解析：,句意为：在澳大利亚发现了金子，这使数以千计的人们认为在那里可以发财。本题考查时态和语态。从语境中动作的先后看可知，,“,在那里发财,”,这一动作发生在,“,发现了金子,”,这一动作之后且还未发生，因此,make a fortune(,发财,),用过去将来时的被动语态。,A,项的一般现在时、,B,项的主动语态、,D,项的过去完成时都不正确。用,was to be made,表示将来的可能性。,答案：,C,4,(2010,北京卷,)In the spoken English of some areas in the US,，,the“r”sounds at the end of the words_.,A,are dropped B,drop,C,are being dropped D,have dropped,解析：,句意为：在美国一些地方的口语中，单词结尾的字母,r,的发音通常被略掉。本题考查动词的时态和语态。通过题干可以判断出,sounds,和,drop,为被动关系，故排除,B,项和,D,项；另外，题中所提为普遍现象，应为一般现在时，故选择,A,项。,答案：,A,5,(2010,上海卷,)Every few years,，,the coal workers _their lungs,Xrayed,to ensure their health.,A,are having B,have,C,have had D,had had,解析：,句意为：每隔几年，煤矿工人们都要对肺部进行,X,光检查，以确保身体健康。考查动词的时态。根据,every few years(,每隔几年,),可知动作是经常性的，有规律的，所以用一般现在时。,答案：,B,6,(2010,北京卷,)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what,they_for,me.,A,had done B,did,C,would do D,were doing,解析：,句意为：过了很长一段时间我才能完全理解他们为我所做的一切。本题考查动词的时态。根据语境可知整句话的时间是过去时，,“,他们为我做的,”,这一动作发生在,“,我可以完全理解,”,之前，因此用过去完成时更符合题意，故选择,A,项。,答案：,A,7,(2010,江苏卷,)Why,，,Jack,，,you look so tired!,Well,，,I_the,house and I must finish the work tomorrow.,A,was painting B,will be painting,C,have painted D,have been painting,解析：,句意为：,杰克，你为什么看起来如此疲惫？,噢，我一直都在粉刷房子，并且我明天必须完成。本题考查动词时态。根据句意可知应采用现在完成进行时态，强调动作一直在延续。,A,项为过去进行时态，表示过去某时间或过去某阶段内动作正在进行；,B,项为将来进行时态，表示将来某时刻动作正在进行；,C,项为现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，均不符合语境，可排除。,答案：,D,8,(2010,新课标全国卷,)When you are home,，,give a call to let me know,you_safely,.,A,are arriving B,have arrived,C,had arrived D,will arrive,解析：,句意为：你到家时打个电话给我，让我知道你已安全抵达。本题考查时态。从语境看，在打电话时对方,“,已经到达,”,，因此这里的宾语从句要用现在完成时，而不是现在进行时，过去完成时或一般将来时。,答案：,B,9,(2010,山东卷,)Up to now,，,the,program_thousands,of children who would otherwise have died.,A,would save B,saves,C,had saved D,has saved,解析：,句意为：迄今为止，这个项目已经救了好几千名孩子。如果没有这项工程，这些孩子早就死了。,up to now,相当于,by now,，要与现在完成时连用。,答案：,D,10,(2010,安徽卷,)Bob would have helped us yesterday,，,but he_.,A,was busy B,is busy,C.had,been busy D,will be busy,解析：,句意为：鲍勃昨天他本来可以帮助我们的，但是他当时很忙。根据设空处前面,would have helped us yesterday,可知设空处表示的是过去的事情，故用过去时，排除,B,、,D,两项；,C,项过去完成时表示,“,过去的过去,”,，而本句并没有过去的动词作参照物，故排除,C,项。只有,A,项符合要求，故为答案。,答案：,A,练规范、练技能、练速度,