第十五讲定语从句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第十五讲 定语从句,Attributive Clause,BY,鲍晓 陈杰 吴晓松 王玥,定语从句的概念,定语从句,：又称关系从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个,名词,或,代词,，有时也可修饰一个句子,。,定语从句包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句以及,as,引导的定语从句等。,被定语从句修饰的词叫作,先行词,，定语从句通常跟在先行词的后面，由,关系词,(Relative Words),引导。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两种。,定语从句的引导词,关系代词,Relative Pronoun,关系代词包括,：,that,which,who,whom,whose,等,代替功能及句法作用,：关系代词可以代替先行词是指人或物的名词和代词，并在从句中起主语、宾语和定语等作用。,作主语：,Where is the girl,who(,或,that),was injured in the accident.,作宾语：,The man,whom(,或,that),you saw just now is our manager.,作定语：,Is there anyone here,whose,name is Wang Lin?,注意：,有时，,that,可用于代替一个是人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当表语。,例如：,She is no longer the girl,that,she was in her childhood.,代替人,代替物,代替人或物,主语,Who,Which,That,宾语,Whom,Which,That,定语,whose,Whose,特别注意,1.,在口语中，在定语从句里起宾语作用的关,系代词常常省去。,例如：,Have you found the book(that)you want?,2.,当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时，不可用,that,，只能用,whom,或,which,。,例如,The book,from which,I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scholar.,3.,当先行词是,all,everything,something,nothing,等不定代词，或被,first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no,以及形容词最高级等词修饰时，应该使用关系代词,that,不用,which,。,例如：,I am interested in,all that,you have told me.,4.,当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时，要用关系代词,that,引导定语从句。,例如：,We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools,that,we had visited there.,关系副词,Relative Adverb,关系副词包括：,when where why how,等,代替功能及句法作用：,关系副词代替与其相应的先行词，并且在从句中分别起时间、地点和原因状语作用。,注意：在口语中关系副词常用,that,代替,有时甚至可以省略。,被代替的先行词,关系副词,表时间,When,表地点,Where,表原因,Why,表方式,How,特别注意,有些固定的介词,+which,结构无相应的关系副词，这是要特别注意根据先行词的意义选用适当的介词。,例如：,The speed,at which,the machine operates is indicated on the meter.,This is the,first(second,third,）,time that,该结构可以被看作一个句型，需要注意的是从句中通常使用完成时态。,例如：,That was the second time,that I had seen the film,定语从句的分类,限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,（,Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Attributive Clause),种类,意义,形式,功能,译法,关系词,限定性定语从句,起限定作用，若省去原句意思不完整,紧接先行词后无逗号,修饰先行词,常译为先行词的定语,关系词可由,that,代替，有时可省略,非限定性定语从句,起补充说明作用，若省去原句意义不受影响,有逗号与主句隔开,即可修饰先行词也可修饰整个句子,常译为另一并列分句,不可用,that,，不可省略,例如：,July is the month,when we have a lot of rain.,（,限定性）,The meeting will be put off till next month,when,we will have made all the preparations.,（非限定性）,I want to buy the house which(=that)has a garden.,（,限定性）,I want to buy the house,which(that,)has a garden.,（非限定性）,非限定性定语从句还可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰。,例如：,He missed the train,which annoyed him very much.,(which,代替主句）,As,引导的定语从句,As,引导限定性定语从句时，主要用在,suchas,和,the sameas,（或,that),的结构中，可代替先行词是人或物的名词。,例如：,Lets discuss only,such questions as concern us!,(as,作主语）,No one will believe,such stories as he told,.,(as,作宾语）,I have never seen,such kind of people as,they are.(as,作表语）,注意：,有时，,the sameas,结构中的,as,也可用作关系副词。例如：,He works in the same shop as I do.,(as,作地点状语）,As,引导非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。该从句的位置可位于主句前、中、后。通常由逗号将其与主句隔开。,例如：,He is an Englishman,as(=which)I know from his accent.,(as,代替前述句，在从句中作宾语,),As was usual with him,he went out for a walk after dinner.(as,代替后述句，在从句中作主语,),定语从句时态的简化,如果主句动词是将来时，从句动词表示的动作与主句动作发生在同一时间，那么该从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。,例如：,The first person who opens that door will get a shock.(,不用,will open),There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks.(,不用,will get),但是，,如果从句动作是指不同于主句动作的将来时间，则两部分都要用将来时。例如：,Those who will go to tomorrows show will have to come this afternoon to get their tickets.,典型题。,1(1)He will tell,you_D_he,expects will win such a march.,(2)He will tell,you_C_of,the teams he expects will win such a march.,A why B where C which D who,2(1)You should treat him in the,way_A_suit,him most.,(2)Please share the way with,us_A,B_you,study English.,A that B in which C how D why,3 He is a,trict,but kind-hearted father,_,D_the,children respect but are afraid of.,A one B the one C for whom D one whom,4(1)Is this hotel _A_ you said we were to stay in your letter.,(2)Is this the hotel _,C_you,said we were to stay in your letter.,A where B which C at which D that,5(1)I can think of many cases _D_ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.,(2)He got himself into a dangerous situation _D_ he is likely to lose control over the plane.,A why B as C what D where,6 It was an exciting moments for these football fans this year,_,D_for,the first time in years their team won the World Cup.,A that B while C which D when,7(1)This is such an interesting work of art _C_ all of us like.,(2)This is an interesting work of art _,A_all,of us like it.,A that B which C as D when,8(1)Is this school _,D,C_you,visited the other day?,(2)Is this this school _,A_you,visited the other day?,(3)Is this school _,B_you,worked two years ago?,(4)Is this the,school_B,E_you,worked two years ago?,A which B where C what D the one E in which,答案：,1,）,D C,2)A AB,3)D,4)A C,5)D D,6)D,7)C A,8)DC A B BE,