人教版 提升你的书面表达能力 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,提升你的书面表达能力（一）,一,.,高考书面表达评分细则,:,1.,分数分布,:,第二节书面表达部分总分为,25,分,其中内容和语言占,23,分,词数占,2,分。,2.,评卷程序,:,先根据考生文章内容要点确定其档次得分，然后减去语言等错误分，最后给分。词数,少于,80,或多于,120,的从总分中减去,2,分。,3.,各个档次给分范围和要求：,第五档（很好）：（,21-25,分）,完全完成了试题规定的任务。,-,覆盖了,所有,内容要点,。,-,应用了,较多的,语法结构和词汇。,-,语法结构或词汇方面,有,些许,错误，但为尽量使用,较复杂或较高级,词汇,所致；具备,较高的,语言运用能力。,-,有效地,使用了,语句间的连接成份,，使全文,结构紧凑。,完全达到了预期的写作目的。,第四档（好）：（,16-20,分）,完全完成了试题规定的任务。,-,虽漏掉,1,或,2,个次重点,但覆盖了所有,主要,内容,要点。,-,应用的,语法结构和词汇,能满足,任务,的要求。,-,语法结构或词汇方面应用,基本准确,，些许错误主要是因尝试使用较复杂语法结构所致。,-,应用了,简单的,语句间的连接成份，使全文结构紧凑。,达到了预期的写作目的。,第三档（适当）：（,11-15,分）,基本完成了试题规定的任务。,-,虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖了所有,主要内容,要点。,-,应用的语法结构和词汇,能满足,任务的要求。,-,有,一些,语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但,不影响,理解。,-,应用了,简单的,语句间的连接成份，使全文内容,连贯,。,整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。,第二档（较差）：（,6-10,分）,未恰当完成试题规定的任务。,-,漏掉或未描述清楚一些内容,写了一些,无关,内容,.,-,语法结构,单调,，词汇项目,有限,。,-,有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了,对写作内容的理解。,-,较少,使用语句间的连接成份，内容,缺少,连贯性。,信息未能清楚地传达给读者。,第一档（差）：（,1-5,分）,未完成试题规定的任务。,-,明显漏掉主要内容,写了一些,无关,内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。,-,语法结构,单调,，词汇项目,有限,。,-,较多,语法结构或词汇方面的,错误,影响,了对写作内容的理解。,-,缺乏,语句间的连接成份，内容,不连贯,。,信息未能传达给读者。,0,分,:,未能,传达给读者任何信息；内容,太少,，,无法,判断；所写内容与所要求的内容,无关,或所写内容,无法看清。,4.,语言错误扣分原则,:,一律根据实际情况使用时态。内容要点语言表达中,每个大错,扣,1,分，大错下划“,_”,，下列错误视为,大错,：,主语和谓语的数不一致：,e.g.There is some problems.,（,is,应为,are,）,时态错误,:,e.g.I spend this summer holiday in the countryside.,（应为,spent,）,习惯用法或搭配等错误：,e.g.I can also go to boat,（应为,go boating,）,.,用词或拼写错误,造成意义变化,影响交际,:,如将,convenience,写成,convince,将,vacation,写成,vocation.,关键词词类用错：,如,The air is pollution.,句子缺少主谓宾等必要成分：,e.g.Trees green and birds singing.,其他扣分为,1-3,分,由阅卷老师自己把握。,如：,行文不连贯、结构单调、整体水平不高（包括小错误太多）而得分过高；,书写差、字迹潦草、无法辨认、影响交际；,词后乱打点或通篇用“。,”,；,与内容要点无关的自由发挥部分的错误由阅卷老师作总体扣分。,二,.,高分三绝招,1.,绝招一：在用词上下功夫,高考书面表达在词汇方面得高分的评分要求是：应用了较多的词汇；词汇方面有些许错误，但为,尽力使用较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用,能力。所以要想得高分应遵循以下个原则：,、,高级词汇优先原则：,这里的高级词汇是指比较晚所学的，相对复杂的词汇。例如：,1,）,“我很害怕”。,一般说成,Im very afraid.,Im very frightened/Im very,scared.,最后一种肯定是最好的。,2,）,“他很聪明”。,可说成,He is clever/bright/wise.,He is smart/,intelligent/cute,.,用,smart/intelligent/cute,当然更好。,3,）,这个房子在芳草街的一栋楼上。,The flat is in a building on,Fangcao,Street.,要是用,situates,代替,is,，即属于高级词汇。,4,）,在周末我们要做很多作业。,At weekends,we have a lot of homework to do.,假如用,endless,而不用,a lot of,则属于高级词汇。,5,）,洗澡间和厨房都很好。,The bathroom and the kitchen are good.,不如,The bathroom and the kitchen are,well-furnished.,2,、,短语优先原则,：,考试写作时，使用短语，有两个好处；其一：使文章增加亮点；其二可以凑词数。,比如,“,I cant bear it”.,不如说“,I can not,put up with,it”.,“I want it”.,不如说“,I,am looking forward to,it”,“,英语在我们日常生活中很重要。”,说“,English is very important in our daily life”,。,不如说“,English,plays an important part/role in,our daily life”.,绝招二：在句子结构上做到脱颖而出。,高考书面表达在句子结构方面得高分的评分要求是：应用了较多的语法结构，语法结构方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构所致；具备较强的语言表达能力。,1,、一二三原则。,为了使条理清楚，一般会使用,first/second/third/last,；,firstly/secondly/thirdly/finally,但这里强烈推荐：,to begin with,then,furthermore,finally(,适用于四个要点的情况,),to start with,next,in addition,finally(,适用于四个要点的情况,),on the one hand,on the other hand(,适用于两个要点的情况,),for one thing,for another thing(,适用于两个要点的情况,),2,、多变句式原则,1,）改变句子结构,与众不同。,使用与别人不同的表达方式,特别是打破汉语句子结构的束缚而重组的句子更受欢迎。,唐山曾在二十世纪八十年代发生过一次大地震。,A,strong/big earthquake happened in,Tangshan,in the 1980s.,There was a strong earthquake in,Tangshan,in the 1980s.,不如用,A terrible earthquake hit/struck,Tangshan,in the 1980s.,你八月十五的来信我今天早晨收到了,.,I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.,不如用,Your letter of August 15th reached/got to me this morning.,2,）改变句子语序，实现句子形式多样化,改变“主谓宾状”语序，把一些成分如状语提前置于句首，增强书面表达能力。,Eg,He got up very early to catch the bus.,To catch the bus,he got up very early.,The girl,hungry and thirsty,went back home.,Hungry and thirsty,the girl went back home.,I studied Chinese,English physics at school.,The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese,English and physics.,3,）使用强势句式，如强调句，感叹句，倒装句等增强语句表现力。,eg,.,阿福救了我妹妹。,Ah Fu saved my sister.,It was Ah fu that saved my sister.,我们看到庄稼和蔬菜长势喜人很是高兴。,We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well,How glad we were to see crops ad vegetable growing well!,4),多使用短语结构简化从句或合并短句,灵活运用介词短语、非谓语动词、独立主格结构和同位语结构等,eg,My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him.,My brother was riding the bike with me sitting on the seat behind him.,The young man couldn,t help crying when he heard the bad news.,Hearing the bad news,the young man couldn,t help crying.,Sun,Shuwei,is a boy of 14.He is a world champion in diving.,Sun,Shuwei,a world champion in diving,is a boy of 14.,As the weather was fine,a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.,The weather being fine,a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.,5),多使用主从复合句来代替简单句，使行文更富文采。,We had to go home.,All we could do was to go home.,The flat is in a building on,Fangcao,Street.It is not far from,Jianxin,Chinese School.,The flat is in a building on,Fangcao,Street,which is not far from,Jianxin,Chinese School.,6,）注意词句表达的变通性。,注意用词组用语代替一些单词，使句子更地道,.,e.g,A new railway is being built in my hometown.,A new railway is under construction in my hometown.,要避免重复使用某一语句，以免使人感到单调和乏味,e.g.,I like reading while she likes watching TV.,I like reading while my brother enjoys watching TV.,7,）改变句子形式，注意多变性。,e.g.,“,一听到这个消息他就脸色通红,”,。,He turned red as soon as/,the,moment/the instant/directly/immediately/instantly,he heard the news.,No sooner,had,he,heard,the news,than,he turned red.,“,我昨天到这里的,”,。,I come here yesterday.,I,didnt,come here,until,yesterday.,Not until,yesterday,did,I come here.,It was,not until yesterday,that,I came here.,3,、挑战极限原则,：,既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但并不是高不可攀，学生中的书面表达中，使用倒装句，独立主格结构，强调句等的,句子很少，如果你能使用这些句型和结构，不得高分才怪。,绝招三,:,在语句间的连接上做到游刃有余。,一篇文章，如果能更多准确使用表示并列，递进,转折关系的词，便能充分展现你的文字功底，使文章增彩。,我们看下面关于描写水的几个句子组成的一段话：,Water is one of the basic ingredients for life.Human or plant life would not be able to exist without this essential liquid.It is needed to hydrate,and clean not only our bodies but also the rest of the living world.,但是，如何将这几个句子更好地连接起来，显得更有文采，得到高分呢？我们在这三个句子前面分别加上这样三个结构，变为：,It is generally understood that,water is one of the basic ingredients for life.,There is little evidence to support the fact that,human or plant life would not be able to exist without this essential liquid.,By this I mean,it is needed to hydrate,and clean not only our bodies but also the rest of the living world.,如果我们在考场上能把每个段落都写成这样，不得高分才怪呢！,我们可以用如下结构放在句首来更好地阐明自己的观点：,I firmly believe that,It seems to me that,It is generally understood that,I tend to think that,It is generally accepted that,然后我们再用如下结构来扩展自己的观点：,It is easy to accept that,It is justifiable(,有理由的,)to say that,I do believe that,I am convinced that,There is much evidence to support the fact that,我们还可以再用如下结构来更清晰的解释自己的观点：,By I mean,By this I mean,Here Im referring to,In other words,To be more precise,That is to say,上面这段话我们可以套用这三种结构中的任何一种，你可以自己试一试。,最后，书写是否工整、清晰，也会影响答卷得分，字迹的好坏会使得分提高或降低一个档次。,