【英语长句难句】考研英语阅读长句难句300句.pdf

考研英语阅读长句难句300句考研英语难句突破300句简介：考研英语阅读理解的关键是长句和难句，尤其是难句的理解。这 本书的写作初衷便是帮助考生从长难句入手，迅速突破长难句，提高 阅读理解能力。是考生提高阅读水平的好帮手！本书三大特色：【英语长句难句】1、阅读难句突破。本书浓缩十年考研真题的精华，精心挑选阅 读理解部分长难句300句，涵盖了所有可能影响阅读理解的句型。2、翻译实例总汇。对于挑选出来的句子，本书除了分析句子的 结构特点，还提供了准确的译文。3、词汇重点串讲。考研英语大纲要求词汇一共5500个，但是 核心词汇却不到1000。本书对考研英语阅读中涉及的核心词汇都进 行了讲解，并且提供了与考研英语水平相当的时新地道的例句。2006 Part A Text 11.There is“the democratizing uniformity of dress and d iscourse,and the casualness and absence of deference characteristic of popular culture.【译文】（美国社会出现）“服饰和话语趋于平民化的一致，随意和 尊重的缺失”，这样正是通俗文化的特点。【析句】注意句子的表语是引号中的句子成分，表语实际是三个内 容:the democrat-izing uniformity,the casualness 和 absen ce of deferenceo 形容词短语（characteristic of popular cult ure）是表语的后置定语。对此句的理解在很大程度上取决于对单词 的理解。【讲词】democratize意为“民主化”，本句中意为“平民化”。uniformity 意为“相同，致Since then,the nation has sou ght uniformity in education to expand opportunities to a II students.（自那时起，国家就致力于向所有的学生提供相同的教 育机会。）This procedure has produced gratifying results in achieving uniformity in recommendations and decision s.（这一程序统一了建议和决定，效果令人满意。）discourse表示书面和口头的表达，因此一般译成“话语”，语言学的 说法是语篇”。casualness表示随意的态度、举止、穿着等。deference 意为“网页从，尊重In deference to my friend and colleague Dr.B-rundtlandJ won t show those slides atthis symposiuiTL（为了以示对我的朋友和同事布伦特兰博士的尊 重，我就不在这次研讨会上播放那些幻灯片。）Out of deference to Grandma,the father neglected to tell her that he ha d become a Christian.（为对尊重奶奶，父亲没有告诉她自己已 经信了基督教。）2.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages arou nd the world are f-ans of superstars like Arnold Schwar zenegger and Garth Brooks,yet“some Americans fear th at immigrants living within the United States remain so mehow immun-e to the nation s assimilative power/5【译文】罗德里古兹指出，尽管世界边远乡村的孩子崇拜阿诺德施 瓦辛格和加斯布鲁克斯，然而“有些美国人却担心生活在美国的移民 不知何故不受这个国家同化力量的影响。”【析句】这是一个复合句，yet在句中起转折作用。【讲词】note意为“注意，记录，作笔记工作动词表示口头或书面表 达他所注意到的事件或观点，因而有时可以译成“指出，写到，注意 至U,说”等。He noted that many issues had been discusse d at the conference.（他说会上讨论了许多议题。）immune意为“免疫的；免除的;豁免的。The criminal was tol d he would be im-mune from punishment if he helped t he police.（罪犯被告知，如果他协助警方就可以免受惩罚。）Sm all businesses started by the unemployed urban dweller s are immun-e from taxes for a certain period of time.（城市失业人员经营小本生意在一定时间里可以享受免税待遇。）T he operation of the company will be immune to any out sid-e interference.（公司的运营不会受外界的干扰。）3.Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething ang er in America?Ind-eed.It is big enough to have a bit o f everything.But particularly when view-ed against Ame rica s turbulent past,today s social indices hardly sugg est a dark and deteriorating social environment.【译文】美国是否存在分裂社会的问题和极度愤怒的群体？确实存 在。美国太大了，什么都会存在。但是，尤其是与美国动荡的过去相 比，今天的社会指数根本就不说明存在着黑暗和恶化的社会环境。【析句】此句的难点在于对一些词语的理解。a bit of everythin g是一种口语化的表达，意为“什么都有一点”。【讲词】divisive意为“区分的，分裂的，divisive issues意为“分 裂社会的问题”。pocket除了“口袋”之意，还可以表示“孤立的地区，保护区：被隔离 的或被保护的小地区或集团”，在句中应该理解为“社会群体”。seething 意为“火热的，沸腾的”,例如：a seething revolutionar y struggle（火热的革命斗争），a seething flood（滚滚的洪水）。seething anger意为“极度的愤怒”。to be viewed against意为“对着.观察；与.相比；鉴于。V iewed against his family background,he must have work ed hard to become what he is today.（鉴于他的家庭背景，他一定非常努力才有了今日的成就。）2006 Part A Text 24.And there are the tow nsfolk who largely live off the tou rists who com e,not to see the plays5but to look at Anne Hathaw ay s Cott age,Shakespeare s birthplace and the other sights.【译文】另一边是靠游客谋生的市民，游客来到小镇不是为了看戏,而是想看看安妮海瑟薇的房舍、莎士比亚的出生地和其他的风景点。【析句】定语从句（who largely live off the tourists）修饰t he townsfolk,而该定语从句的宾语the tourists的后面又跟了另 一个定语从句。注意，不能把not to see the plays的主语看作是 the townsfolko【讲词】largely意为“在很大程度上,主要地。He owed his s access largely to the support of his wife.（他的成功在彳艮大 程度上应归于妻子的支持。）live off有两个意思，分别是“住在.外”或“靠.生活”。The fa mily used to live off the small pocket of land they owne d.（这家人过去靠着自家的一小块土地过日子。）Some college s tudents have chosen to live off the cam pus.（有些学生选择 住在校外。）5.11 is all deliciously ironic when you consider th at Shakespeare,w ho earns their living5was him self an actor（with a beard）and did his share of noise m aking.【译文】他们是靠莎士比亚过日子，而莎士比亚自己就是一位演员（留着胡子），当初也是吵吵嚷嚷的，想到这些不无讽刺的意味。【析句】这是一个主从复合句，主句是It s all deliciously iron iCo另外,非限制性定语从句who earns their living修饰Shak espeare,其字面意思是：莎士比亚挣钱养活他们，即他们靠莎士比 亚过日子。【讲词】ironic意为“讽刺的,说反话的；有讽刺意味的。Ironica lly,even the government was aware of the situation.(具 有讽刺意味的是，甚至连政府都清楚这一情况。)share作名词时表示“分享；份额；一份；股份句中did his sha re of noise making字面意思是他也制造他那一份噪音，即莎士 比亚当初也是吵吵嚷嚷的，像现在的演员一样。6.The sightseers who com e by bus-and often tak e in Warw ick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the s ide一don t usually see the plays,and som e of the m are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratfor d.【译文】坐着大巴来的观光客，虽然经常顺便看看沃尔威克城堡和 布伦海姆宫，一般都不是来看戏，其中有些人看到斯特拉福德竟然一 家剧院甚至惊讶不已。【析句】全句是由两个分句组成，在第一个句子的主干结构是The sightseers.don t usually see the playSo 定语从句(who come by bus)是修饰主语The sightseers,而破折号中间的成 分是对定语从句的补充。some of them are even surprised t o find a theatre in Stratford 是第二个分句。【讲词】take in的词义较多，可以表示“接受，接待，吸收，理解，包 括，轻信，注意到，欺骗”，在句中的意思是“游览，观光”。on the side 意为“兼职；另外。He did some accounting on the side.（他还人帮人做会计。）7.11 is the playgoers,the RSC contends,w ho bring in much of the tow n s revenue because they spe nd the night（som e of them four or five nights）po uring cash into the hotels and restaurants.【译文】皇家莎士比亚戏剧公司说，游客给小镇带来了很大一部分 收入，因为他们过夜（有些人甚至住上四五夜），把大把的钱花在旅 馆和餐馆。【析句】这是一个因果复合句。主句的正常语序是The RSC cont ends it is the playgoers.o 从句（who bring in much of t he town s revenue）是 the playgoers 的定语。【讲词】contend意为“竞争；奋争；主张；声明。The defens e contended that the evidence was inadmissible.（被告方 声称证据是不可接受的。）I had to contend with long lines before I could get a taxi at the airport.（我在机场必须排着 长队才上了一出租车。）Hilary Clinton may contend in the 2008 presidential race against a Republican.（希拉里克里顿会在2008年的总统选举中与一位共和党人一争高下。）bring in 意为“弓|进；带来；生产。How much did the sidelin e bring the farmer family in last year?（去年副业使这家农 户增加了多少收入？）The sale brought us in over$1,000.（那笔买卖使我们赚了一千多美元。）8.Hilton is building its ow n hotel there,w hich you m ay be sure will be decorated with Ham let Ham b urger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banquetin g Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.【译文】希尔顿正在那里建造自己的饭店，你可以肯定饭店会装修 哈姆莱特汉堡吧、李尔王厅、班戈宴会厅等等之类，而且消费水平会 非常高。【析句】全句的主干结构是Hilton is building its own hotel t here,which引导的非限制性定语从句包含两个并列的谓语成分以 修饰its own hotel,其中you may be sure是插入语。注意Ha mlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banq ueting Room,and so forth,希尔顿饭店肯定会在店内以哈姆莱 特、李尔王和班戈等来命名其酒吧、大厅和餐厅等。【讲词】expensive在句中是修饰希尔顿，即Hilton is very ex pensive,意思是指希尔顿的消费水平很高。再如：Tokyo is exp ensive不能译“东京很贵”，而应该译成“东京的消费(水平)很高。”9.They all seem to look alike(though they com e f rom all over)一lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearin g jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding dow n for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing roo m tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 1 0：30 a.m.【译文】他们长相一样(尽管他们来自四面八方)瘦削、专注 的面孔，穿着牛仔服和凉鞋，啃着面包，在剧院外的石板台阶上席地 而卧，等着购买20张坐票和80张站票，这些戏票是剧院会为席地 而卧的人预备，并在早晨10:30向他们出售。【析句】句子的主干结构是They all seem to look alike,括号 中的成分(though they come from all over)是插入的条件从 句。破折号后面的成分是全句的状语，之所以用破折号是因为作者想 对主语(they,即the young people)进一步加以说明。细分起来，状语分为两大部分：一是描绘他们的长相、穿着和吃住，二是说明他们的目的(购票)。前一部分包括四个方面的内容：一是（with）lean,pointed,dedicated faces,二是wearing jeans a nd sandals,三是 eating their buns,四是 bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre。而在目的状语中，when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.是一个时间状语从句，两个过去分词结构（held for the sleepers 和 sold to them）修饰 the 20 seats and 80 stand ingroo m ticketSo【讲词】pointed意为“尖的，尖削的，a pointed nose（尖鼻子）,a pointed face（尖脸）。dedicated 意为“专注的，一心一意的。He is a dedicated mus ician.（他是一富有献身精神的音乐家。）be dedicated to,dedi cate oneself to 和 dedicate one s life to 都有“献身于.:的 意思。注意dedicate还有“捐赠;献”的意思。I d like to dedic ate the book to my parents.（我想把这本书献给我的父母。）2006 Part A Text 310.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual bi omass（the amount of living biological matter）of fish spec ies in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.【译文】他们的方法并不是要评估特定海域鱼种的实际生物量，而 是评估在这一段时间内生物量的变化。【析句】这是一个简单句，但是宾语是两个，一是the actual bio mass（the amount of living biological matter）of fish specie s in particular parts of the ocean,是 changes in that bio mass over time。【讲词】rather意为“宁愿；有点，相当。I d rather stay at home.（我宁愿呆在家里。）He s rather lazy.（他有些懒。）有时rather在句中表示转折,或者对前文进行纠正（经常与or连用）。There are five,rather six,persons killed in the traffic acc ident.（在这场车祸中，共有5人，应该是6人死亡。）11.According to their latest paper published in Nature,th e biomass of large predators（animals that kill and eat oth er animals）in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80%within 15 years of the start of exploitation.In some longfished areas,it has halved again since then.【译文】根据他们在自然上发表的最新论文，在新渔场开始捕 鱼的15年之内，大型捕食动物的生物量平均减少80%。在一些长期 捕鱼的海域，生物量在此之后又减少了一半。【析句】句子的结构比较简单，但要注意数字的表述，而这正是考 试的内容。在新渔场开始捕鱼的15年之内，大型捕食动物的生物量 平均减少80%,而在此之后又减少了一半，即剩下的20%又减少了 一半，因而应该只剩下10%了。【讲词】halve意为“平分，分享，减半”。The company s profi ts halved after the demand in the market became low.（市场的 需求减少之后，公司的赢利减少了一半。）12.That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea i s being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by change s in catch sizes.【译文】这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕杀，因此介于现在 和过去这一段时间，海洋生物量的真正差别可能比捕获量所记录的变 化更要糟糕。【析句】这是一个因果复合句，前半句是原因，后半句表示结果。而在表示原因的从句中，宾语较为复杂，Of后面跟了一个主句从句,其主句又是一个主语从句。what is in the sea是一种婉转的说法,即海洋中的生物，或文中所说的生物量（biomass）。另外，注意re corded by changes in catch sizes 是一个过去分词结构，修饰 the one(即 the actual biomass)【讲词】catch作名词时可以表示“捕获；捕鱼量”（what is can ght）,catch sizes也是“捕获量”或“捕鱼量”的意思。13.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap th em,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.【译文】有些鱼因此并没有被捕获，因为没有更多的带饵鱼钩来捕 获它们，这就导致低估过去的鱼量。【析句】这是一个因果复合句，主句是Some individuals would t herefore not have been caughto leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past 是作从句的状语。【讲词】available意为“有用的，有空的。These train ticket s are available on the day of issue only.（火车票仅在发售当 天才能买到。）有些人结了婚但与异性交往，英文就是married but available,有人简称之MBA。另有些单身但是已经名花（或草）有 主，英文就是 single but not available。14.The notion is that people have failed to detect the ma ssive changes which have happened in the ocean because the y have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.【译文】这种概念是，人们没有能够发觉海洋中所发生的巨大变化,因为他们只是关注了过去相对短暂的一段时间里所发生的情况。【析句】主句的宾语是一个从句，而从句是一个因果复合句。主句 是people have failed to detect the massive changes which ha ve happened in the ocean,从句是 because they have been look ing back only a relatively short time into the past。另夕卜，w hich have happened in the ocean 是一个定语从句，修饰 the mas sive changeso【讲词】detect意为“察觉，发现，侦查，探测。She was surpris ed to detect hatred behind his smile.（她觉察到他的笑容背后 竟然藏着仇恨，因而为之吃惊不小。）The dentist could detect no sign of decay in her teeth.（牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的 迹象。）The policeman detected the presence of the criminal in the hall.（警察感觉罪犯就在大厅里。）15.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comeswhen the biomass of a target species is about 50%of its original levels.【译文】这一点很重要，因为理论表明，当目标鱼种的生物量大致 降至最初水平的50%时，渔场才能收获最大的持续捕鱼量。【析句】That matters是全句的主干，后面是一个表示原因的从句,而从句又包含一个表示时间的状语从句。【讲词】yield作动词时意为“生产，生长；屈从”，作名词表示“产量；收益”o The door yielded to a gentle push.（轻轻一推,门就开了）The child pleaded,but the parents wouldn t yiel d.（孩子苦苦哀求，但父母就是不让步。）This year s yield f rom the coal mine was very large.（今年这煤矿产量其丰。）crop作名词意为“农作物；产量”，作动词表示“收获，收割”。注意crop up有“突然出现；突然发生”的意思。A difficulty ha s cropped up at work.（工作中突然出现困难。）2006 Part A Text 416.Many things make people think artists are weird.But t he weirdest may be this:artists only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that fee 1 bad.【译文】许多事情让人们觉得艺术家是怪人，而最古怪的事情也许 就是：艺术家的唯一工作就是探索情感，而他们所关注的却又是那些 令人不快的情感。【析句】句子比较简单，应该关注explore和focus两个单词的意 思。【讲词】explore有“考究；探索；探讨”的意思。Scientists ha ve been known to explore in this region of the earth.（科学 家们一直在考察这一地域。）We must explore all the possibili ties for the solution of the problem.（我们必须探讨解决这个 问题的所有可能性。）focus作名词表示“焦点”，作动词意为“重视；关注。Because of his strange clothes,he immediately became the focus of a ttention when he entered the office.（他由于服装奇特，一走进 办公室便成了大家注意的中心。）You must try to focus your mi nd on work and stu曲.（你应该努力把思想集中在工作和学习上。）All eyes were focused on the speaker.（大家的目光都集中在发 言人身上。）17.But somewhere from the 19th century onward,more artist s began seeing happiness as meaningless,phony or,worst of all,boring,as we went from Wordsworth s Daffodils to Baud elaire s Flowers of Evil.【译文】但是到了 19世纪的某个时候，更多的艺术家开始觉得快乐 是没有意义的，是虚假的，更是枯燥乏味的，从华兹华斯的黄水仙 到波德莱尔的恶之花都是如此。【析句】句子的主干结构是more artists began seeing happines s as，as we went from Wordsworth s Daffodils to Baudela ire s Flowers of Evil作全句的状语。另外，句中的see是“考 虑，认为”的意思,相当于consider。【讲词】somewhere在句中意为sometime,即表示“某个时候”。另外，Wordsworth(1770-1850)和 Baudelaire(1821-1867)分别 是英国和法国的诗人。phony也写作phoney,作名词“冒牌货，骗子”或形容词“假冒的，伪造的“。He is such a phony.他纯粹是个骗子。18.The rise of anti happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture i n which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.【译文】反快乐艺术几乎是随着大众传媒的出现而诞生，与此同时 也产生了一种商业文化，不再把快乐当作一种理想，而是当作一种意 识形态。【析句】此句是一个简单句，主干是The rise of anti happy a rt almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass mediaa com mercial culture。with it 中的 it 是指 the emergence of mass m ediao 另夕卜，in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology 是一个定语从句，修饰 a commercial culture。【讲词】track作动词时表示“追踪，留下足迹,走。An old wago n was tracking through the mountains.（一辆旧马车正在山区行 走。）The accountant tracked the company s perfor mance daily.（会计每天跟踪把握公司的运营状况。）ideology意为“意 识形态”，或指某种思想体系和意识。19.In the West,before mass communication and literacy,the most powerful mass medium was the church,which reminded w orshippers that their souls were in danger and that they w ould someday be meat for worms.【译文】在大众传媒出现和初级教育普及之前的西方，最强势的大 众媒介是教会，它提醒信徒他们的灵魂处于危险之中，他们的身躯有 朝一日会成为蛆虫的肉糜。【析句】句子的主干是 the most powerful mass medium was the church,之前的成分是时间状语，之后which引导的从句是一个定语 从句，修饰the churcho而在定语从句中，worshippers是间接宾语,两个that引导的从句是两个直接宾语。【讲词】literacy是指“读写能力”,因此建议译成“初级教育”。remind 提醒，使想起”。常用结构是remind sb.to do sth.（提 醒某人做某事）和remind sb.of sth.（让某人想起某事）。20.And since these messages have an agenda一to lure us to open our wallets一they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the art hritis drug Celebrex,before we found out it could increasethe risk of heart attacks.【译文】由于这些信息暗含着一种诡计诱使我们打开我们的钱 包它们就使得快乐的想法显得不大可靠。“欢庆吧！”治疗关节 炎的药品Celebrex的广告一声令下，随后不久我们就发现这种药品 可能会增加心脏病发作的危险。【析句】在第一句中，these messages是指商业文化所传播的信息。第二句是复合句，主句倒装，正确的语序应该是the ads for the a rthritis drug Celebrex commanded“Celebrate!”倒装的语序以 及command的使用更加形象地传达了广告的强势，广告的信息以命令 的方式传达给顾客，让他们没有思考的余地。【讲词】agenda意为“议程”，但在有时可以表示“不可告人的计划（阴谋）。The government has promised to put on its agenda the developmentof the village.（政府许诺把这个村庄的开发提到议程上来。）S ome of the eighteenth century pessimists harbored an agen da for cultural control.(在18世纪的悲观主义者中，有些人图 谋控制文化。)2006 Part B1.But what we forget-what our economy depends on us f orgettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.The things that bring the greatest joy carry the gr eatest potential for loss and disappointment.【译文】但是我们忘记的是我们的经济所依赖的就是遗忘 决乐远不是没有痛苦的喜悦。最有可能给我们带来最大快乐的东 西也有