雅思写作—课件1.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,IELTS,写作,2,1.,雅思写作概述及评分标准,1.1,课程目标,1.2,课程安排,1.3,授课理念,1.4,小作文基本情况,1.5,大作文基本情况,1.6,分数计算,1.7,答题纸,1.8,书写格式,1.9,雅思写作评分标准说明,3,1.1,课程目标,1.1.1,官方信息来源,1.1.2,全球三大考区总体情况,1.1.3,中国大陆考区总体情况,4,1.1.1,官方信息来源,www.ielts.org/researchers/analysis_of_test_data/test_taker_performance_2010.aspx,Test taker performance 2010,5,1.1.2,全球三大考区总体情况,6,1.1.3,中国大陆,考区总体情况,7,1.2,课程安排,雅思写作授课大纲,新东方雅思写作基础教材,剑桥系列,8,1.3,授课理念,动脑,+,动笔,没有理解，练习亦是枯燥,没有练习，理解亦是空白,课堂互动,+,作业提交,9,1.4,小作文基本情况,1.4.1,数据类图表题,1.4.1,非数据类图表题,10,1.4.1,数据类图表题,39/48 81%,Line,5,Pie,8,Bar,13,Table,12,Combination,1,11,1.4.1,非数据类图表题,9/48 19%,Map,Diagram,Flow,12,1.5,大作文基本情况,1.5.1,议论类,1.5.2,说明类,13,1.5.1,议论类,Discuss both views and give your own opinion,Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages,怎样的观点,“,正确,”,？,怎样写顺手？,14,1.5.2,说明类,Problem+Reasons+Solution,15,1.6,分数计算,分数构成,That is to say,Overall=40%task1+60%task2,Task1:8 Task2:3,Overall=3.2+1.8=5,4:6,16,1.7,答题纸,12 words per line,Task 1 13 lines page1-2,Task 2 20 lines page3-4,见好就收,17,1.8,书写格式,18,19,20,1.9,评分标准说明,21,22,Task Response,是否涵盖,要点,；是否,切题、合理,Coherence and Cohesion,句语句、段与段的,衔接,Lexical Resources,用词的,准确性,和,灵活性,Grammatical Range and Accuracy,语法,多样性,和,准确性,23,2.,小作文透析及派图解析,2.1,小作文总体审题特点,2.10,派图介绍,2.2,小作文写作必备能力,2.11,派图的写作技巧,2.3,小作文考点热点,2.12,派图的重难点,2.4,小作文综合预测,2.13,派图词汇基础之占据,2.5,小作文注意事项,2.14,派图词汇基础之倍数,2.6,小作文开头段写法,2.15,派图主语替换技巧,2.7,小作文主体段要求,2.16,派图的常用句型,2.8,小作文主体段顺序,2.9,小作文结尾段写法,24,2.1,小作文总体审题特点,2.1.1,审题,2.1.2,构思,25,2.1.1,审题,先阅读,introduction,的内容，找到两个基本要素,描写对象,&,时间,找出描写对象：有助于加速写出引言段,找出时间：有助于确定时态,26,2.1.2,构思,各类题型构思方向,Line graph,曲线图：按时间顺序,Bar chart,柱状图：按时间顺序（含时间要素）,与其他对象比较（无时间要素）,Pie chart,派图：类似柱状图,Table,表格：注意纵向、横向比较,Diagrams,图表：注意顺序承接性,&,被动语态,（流程图,&,地图）,27,2.2,小作文写作必备能力,迅速确定描写对象,&,构思方向,迅速筛选出有用信息,迅速根据筛选出的信息组织相应的语句,28,2.3,小作文考点热点,数据类图表为主导,派图：占有,线图：趋势，速度,柱图：比对,表格：数据分析,29,2.4,小作文综合预测,30,2.5,小作文注意事项,看清属于什么题型的图表，是一幅图还是两幅或者,是以上的图；,注意不同类型图表的技巧（包括时态、语态、关键,描述词语与句型）；,划出并分析题目中的关键内容，分析图表中的关键,特征点（依据各种图表的特点来决定）,考虑结构（开头引言，描述特征，可能总结）,31,2.6,小作文开头段写法,同义替换,32,Opening,轻松写,第一句之单词改写：,The,diagram,below,shows,chart,=graph=diagram(line/curve,pie,bar),table,=figures=statistics,diagram,=picture,Show,=display/reveal/indicate/reflect,=illustrate/demonstrate,=give information about,=unfold a clear picture of,33,Opening,轻松写,第一句之万用句型：,1,This bar chart displays,the number of men and women enrolled in future education in Britain,during,three periods.,2,It is immediately apparent from the diagram that in,1970 the processions in Malaysia were almost totally dominated by men.,3,The percentage of various types of households struck by poverty in Australia in 1999,is indicated in the table.,4,As is revealed in the diagram,the number of,hours per week spent on unpaid work,is unequally distributed,between men and women.,34,时间的描述,1,In+,月份、年、年代,In 1980s;,In the period betweenand.,2,Fromto,Between and,At/by the end of,Until/before/after,About/some,From 2008 onwards till,At/by the end of this year/century,About/some 200 years ago,3,For/during+,时间段,Over a year period,Throughout ,When it enters,At the turn of the,During the first/second half of the year;,During the remainder of the year;,Over a ten year period=over a decade;,Throughout the 20th century;,When it entered 2009;,At the turn of the new century,35,Opening,轻松写,36,Opening,轻松写,Paraphrase,单词替换,Demand,=used/need/requirement/consumption,Typical,=average/representative/common,use,=consume,Home,=household/family,37,Opening,轻松写,Compound,Sentence,句子合成,The curve chart reveals,the electricity,needed,in England during,average days,in winter and summer,and the pie graph indicates,how electricity is,consumed,in a,typical English household.,38,Opening,轻松写,Passive Voice,The,need,for electricity in England during,average days,in winter and summer,and,how the electricity is,consumed,in a,typical English household,are revealed in the charts.,39,Opening,轻松写,Paraphrase,单词替换,proportion,=percentage/share/statistics/figures,Different,=various,Category,=type/kind/group,Family,=household/home,Families living in poverty,=poor families,=families(who were living)in poverty,=families(who were)struck by poverty,40,Opening,轻松写,41,Opening,轻松写,1,The table offers information about,the,percentage of various types of households who were living in poverty,in Australia in 1999.,42,Opening,轻松写,2,The table gives a statistics of,different types of family who were living in poverty in,Australia in 1999.,43,Opening,轻松写,3,The percentage of various types of households struck by poverty,in Australia in 1999,is indicated in the table.,44,Opening,课堂练习,45,Opening,课堂练习,Travel,=tour/trip/visit,The UK,=Britain(not England!),Most,=top,Popular,=favorite/fashionable/stylish,Country,=nation,UK residents to visit,=,UK travelers/visitors/tourists,46,Opening,课堂练习,The diagrams reveal,visits to,and from Britain and the,top 5 favorite nations,in 1999 for,UK tourists,.,47,Opening,课堂练习,Visits,to and from Britain and the,top 5 favorite nations,in 1999 for,UK tourists,are revealed,by/in,the diagrams.,48,49,50,51,2.7,小作文主体段要求,数字,文字,比对,The percentage of males and females arrested during the last 5 years and causes of arrest in 2007,are indicated in the diagrams.,52,2.8,小作文主体段顺序,数据类,非数据类,53,2.9,小作文结尾段写法,数据类加结尾,非数据类省结尾,54,Ending,轻松写,Ending,常用套句：,1,From the diagram it can be safely concluded that,in the years 1978-1987 Florida developed much more rapidly than the United States as a whole.,2,What is worth mentioning is that,nuclear power didnt make its debut until 1998.,3,As a whole/In general/To sum up/In conclusion/In summary/In a nutshell,the data suggest that,the increased presence of women in the paid work force has yet to lead to an increased role for men at home.,55,Ending,轻松写,Overall the table suggests that,households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.,56,57,The line chart illustrates the data about people at a London subway station from 6 am to 10pm.,58,2.10,派图介绍,单派,双派,多派,59,2.11,派图的写作技巧,图中找类别,按类分段,60,2.12,派图的重难点,如何准确把握图中的信息,如何正确转述图中的信息,如何灵活运用词汇、短语、句型，避免用词单一、句式表达雷同,如何精炼语言，避免赘述、啰嗦，避免给评卷人套模板的印象,61,2.13,派图词汇基础之占据,Represent,Occupy,Stand for,Account for,62,2.16,派图的常用句型,“,占”：,account for,hold,make up,take up,constitute,comprise,represent.,百分比,：,percentage,，,proportion,share.,“,约”：,the majority of,most of,a considerable number of,a minority of,just over,slightly more than/less than,nearly half,确切数字,(1),分数与百分比的转化：,one third,two fifths.,(2),常见表达：,a quarter,a half.,63,整体,+,局部,The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A.,Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given in the pie charts below.,64,65,P1,The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A.,The two graphs describe the data of the energy use and the residential energy use in detail in the United States.,66,P2,It can be seen from,the first pie chart that the energy is used for four purposes.,Specifically,industry,accounts for,the largest proportion(41%)of the used energy,while,demand of transportation,makes up,26%of the total need of energy.,Residential and commercial,represent,19%and 14%,respectively.,67,P3,According to the second pie chart,it clearly shows,that heating and air conditioning account for the largest proportion(62%)in the residential energy use while the small appliances makes up,the least,proportion(10%).,The heating water and miscellaneous(including cooking),constitutes,15%and 13%,respectively,.,68,P4,From the chart,we may,have a basic understanding of the situation,of energy use in the United States.,69,ABC,比较,The graphs below show,the annual expenditure of university students in three countries in,2003.,70,71,72,The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.,.,73,Electric energy production in US,74,75,The proportion of population in the world,76,3.,线图柱图及表格图解析,3.1,线图审图技巧,3.2,线图的写作技巧,3.3,线图的重难点,3.4,线图写作点展开之上升及相关词汇,3.5,线图写作点展开之下降及相关词汇,3.6,线图写作点展开之平稳及相关词汇,3.7,线图写作点展开之波动及相关词汇,3.8,线图写作点展开之极点及相关词汇,3.9,线图的常用句型,77,3.10,柱图审图技巧,3.11,柱图的写作技巧,3.12,柱图的重难点,3.13,柱形图的常用单词,3.14,柱形图的常用句型,3.15,表格图审图技巧,3.16,表格图的写作技巧,3.17,表格图的重难点,3.18,表格图的常用单词,3.19,表格图的常用句型,3.,线图柱图及表格图解析,78,3.1,线图审图技巧,趋势描述,速度描述,极点交点起点重点的描述,79,3.2,线图的写作技巧,趋势描述多样化,80,3.3,线图的重难点,交点难掌控,图内对比看不出,81,3.4,线图写作点展开之上升及相关词汇,Increase,Climb,Go up,Soar,Rocket,Shoot up,82,3.5,线图写作点展开之下降及相关词汇,Decrease,Fall,Drop,Dip,Go down,83,3.6,线图写作点展开之平稳及相关词汇,Keep stable,Remain stable,Unchanged,Come to a standstill,84,3.7,线图写作点展开之波动及相关词汇,Vary,Fluctuate,起伏,85,3.8,线图写作点展开之极点及相关词汇,Peak at,Bottom at,Reach a plateau,86,3.9,线图的常用句型,3.9.1,先,(,上升,/,下降,),后,(,下降,/,上升,),，之后便平稳,3.9.2,对峰值和低谷的描述,3.9.3,趋势相同描述,3.9.4,对未来的表述,3.9.5,对波动的描述,87,3.9.1,先,(,上升,/,下降,),后,(,下降,/,上升,),，之后便平稳,1.,According to the data,the years,from to,saw/witness a rise/climb/drop,in the,number/rate/percentage/proportion of,对象,from,数据,to,数据，,which was followed by a,rapid decrease/reduce/increase,over the.years,88,2.The number/rate,dropped/went up again,fromin XXX year toin XXX year and then,went up/climbed gradually,until XXX,year,when,there was a leveling off/leveling out,at,数据,for,一段时间,89,1.Also it can be noticed that in XXX,year,the number/percentage,reached the,bottom.,However/on the contrary,XXX year,saw the peak,during this period.,2.,时间点，,when the number/percentage,reached(amounted to)to a peak of,/a,high point at,3.,时间点,when the number/percentage,bottomed out(at),3.9.2,对峰值和低谷的描述,90,The proportion/number of,对象,in the xx and,xx,are similar and follow the same trend.,In XX,the figures were xx%and xx%respectively,rising to xx%and xx%respectively in XXX,after,dipping to xx%and xx%respectively in XXX.,Thereafter.,3.9.3,趋势相同描述,91,3.9.4,对未来的表述,is projected to as to,is expected to as for,is forecasted to,is estimated to,92,3.9.5,对波动的描述,as can be seen from the graph,the two curves,show the fluctuation of,fluctuated dramatically,between xx%and xx%during period.,93,94,95,Radio and television audiences in the UK,October-December 1992,96,The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas.,97,The line graph below gives information on cinema attendance in the UK.,98,The graph shows Underground Station Passenger Numbers in London.,99,3.10,柱图审图技巧,关键是,“,比较,”,&,“,对比,”,找出,similarity&difference,既要横向总结所有柱状图的共性特征，又要分别描写,各个柱形的个性特征,100,3.11,柱图的写作技巧,单柱,如果是以时间为横轴的话，就写一下趋势,如果是以组为横轴，则直接写。,多柱,如果数据比较多，就取几个最大或者最小的就行，,也就是说在比较的过程中想要拿到想要的结果就要,找对比鲜明的那一对。把对比最鲜明的几个柱子描,述清楚，其他的可以一带而过。,101,3.12,柱图的重难点,当图中出现多于,20,个柱,102,3.13,柱形图的常用单词,线图,派图,103,3.14,柱形图的常用句型,The bar chart illustrates that.,According to the bar chart,.,From the bar chart,we can see clearly that.,It is clear/apparent from the chart that.,The bar chart depicts,描述,(that).,the bar chart leads us to the conclusion,结论,that.,104,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.,105,P1,The graph below shows,the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work,in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.,题目,The,bar,graph shows the,changing patterns,in commuting by train,car,tube or bus for commuters,in one European city in the years 1960,1980 and 2000.,106,P2,The number of people using trains at first,rose,from,just,under 20%,in,1960,to about 26%,in,1980,but then,fell back,to about 23%in,2000,.,107,P3,Use of the tube was,relatively stable,falling,from around 27%,of commuters in,1960,to 22%,in,1980,but,climbing back to,reach 25%,by,2000,.,108,P4,On the other hand,the use of cars,increased steadily,from just over 5%,in,1960,to 23%,in 1980,reaching almost 40%,by,2000,whereas,the popularity of buses has,declined,since,1960,falling,f,rom just under 35%,in,1960,to 27%,in 1980,and,only 15%,in,2000,.,109,P5,The graph indicates,the growing use,of cars for commuting to work between 1960-2000,and the,continued decline,in,the popularity,of buses from being t,he most popular,mode of transport in 1960 to,the least popular,in 2000.,110,The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of support they received from employers.,111,The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.,112,The graph above show information of employment rates across 6 countries in 1995 and 2005.,113,The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European countries.,114,3.15,表格图审图技巧,有时间因素表格：按照时间顺序，转化为更为明了的线图,有地域因素表格：注意横向比较，并根据数值大小对数据进行分类，再抽取较大或较小的典型值进行说明,包含其他因素的表格：分别观察各标准在图表中呈现的特征，然后分别说明,115,3.16,表格图的写作技巧,快速浏览题目中的文字信息，重点关注研究对象、数据类型和时间，明确在主体段的写作中要注意数据类型的变化和时态一致问题,看题目中的表格图形，看图形时也要先看文字说明，包括标题、标注和单位，弄懂数据所代表的信息，而非数据本身,筛选信息，圈定关键数据,整理写作顺序,116,3.17,表格图的重难点,1.,数据繁多而且凌乱，找不出很明显的特征,2.,如何用适当的顺序、结构和衔接方式把表格中体现的特征条理清晰地传达出来,3.,写的时候如何不遗漏信息,117,3.18,表格图的常用单词,118,3.19,表格图的常用句型,119,age,size,number,120,P1,The table demonstrates the data,regarding,the subway system in six cities,including,date opened,kilometers of route,and,passengers per year(in millions),121,P2,In terms of,d,ate opened,London,has the,most time-honored,(1863)subway system among the six cities while subway system in,Los Angeles,is,the newest one,opened in 2001.（,最老，最新,）,Systems in Paris and Tokyo are opened in 1900 and 1927,respectively,.,时间顺序,After that,systems in Washington DC and Kyoto are opened in 1976 and 1981,differently.,122,As for the size of the railway system,London still,ranks the first,meaning it has,the longes,t subway system(384 kilometers)among the six cities,which is,roughly twice as large as,the system in Paris.,（,最长,）,By contrast,subway system in Kyoto is,shorter,(11 kilometers),than the others,even thought it opened in relatively recent year.,（,最短,）,The kilometers of route in Tokyo,Washington DC and Los Angeles are 155,126 and 28,differently.,123,The third part,is passengers,per year in millions,.,More exactly,the,top three,are Tokyo(1927),Paris(1191)and London(775).,Underground railway system in Washington DCs has 144 millions passengers per year.,Systems in Los Angeless and Kyotos carry,fewer,passengers per year(50 and 45,respectively),.,124,Thus,it can be clearly seen from,the table that the subway systems in Tokyo and Paris serves for,more passengers,whereas,the systems in Los Angeles and Kyoto carry,fewer passengers,mainly because of,the short route.,125,The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.剑6 P52,126,对于不同时间同一事物的比较,先相减,/,相除，后分组,哪些是增加，哪些是减少,幅度大的与幅度小的分组,127,128,增加的,Car,Long distance bus,Train,Taxi,幅度大的,Car,+1607,减少的,Walking,Bicycle,Local bus,幅度大的,Local bus,-155,129,P1,The table demonstrates how,different modes of travel changed in England in 15 years spanning from 1985 to 2000.,In general,the modes,are classified into two kinds,in terms of,average miles travelled per person per year:one enjoyed rising,popularity,while the other,decreasing,.,130,P2,The travel modes which,gained popularity,in the period included,cars,long distance buses,trains,taxis and others.,Cars,remained top,among the modes in the 15 years,with its average miles,increasing considerably,from 3,199,in 1985,to 4,806,in 2000.,Lo