法律英语翻译.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,Translation of,Legal Materials,1/62,Teaching Contents:,Translation of legal materials,Teaching Aims:,To know more about legal materials and the corresponding translation skills,Teaching Focus:,Features of legal materials,Requirements on translating legal materials,Translation methods,Teaching Methods:,Student-centered(group work,then class work).,Teaching Plan,2/62,Features of legal materials,广义而言，法律文体通常包含,宪法、法律、行政法规、条令、条例、条约、协议书、协议书、契约、遗嘱、文凭、各类证书、规程,等。这些内容都以法律文书形式固定下来，即以文字形式固定下来。这类专用于法律文书语言，含有一定特点，所以称为法律语言。,法律语言含有权威性，它排斥多义与歧义。一些日常生活中使用普通用语在法律文体中有了更为明确概念含义。,Infant：,在法律上是指21岁或18岁以下人,Demise：,在日常英语中有许多意思，如死亡、终止、失败、职位丧失等,在法律上，它专指财产转让，或称让渡，或遗赠，如指死亡亦是专指导起财产或权力转让死亡,3/62,每一个法律术语只能表示一个特定法律概念。法律术语词义必须,单一而固定,。任何人在任何情况下必须对其有同一解释。不但法律专门术语要求词义单一，由民族共同语转化而来法律词汇也必须表示单一法律概念。有些民族共同语属于多义词，不过其中一个义项在法律语境中有特定法律含义，这种法律词汇也被称为人工法律术语。比如“assignment”在法律语境下表示“权利或财产转让”，而不表示在日惯用语中“任务”含义，“deed”不是日常所说“行为”而是指法律中“契约”。,4/62,Features of legal materials,日惯用语词汇,Make,Want,need,Subject,topic,matter,Home,Live,Imagine,picture,Begin,Wish,Work,Render,Require,Question,Residence,Reside,Visualize,Commence,Desire,Function,日惯用语词汇,5/62,Features of legal materials,Vocabulary,Syntax,Structure,遣词造句准确明了，不含混艰涩；还有一些词是专门法律术语；,用词庄重，多用大词,严谨、规范、紧凑、连贯性强、不涣散,文章有其本身程式，不求标新立异，各国法律文件格式统一，行文笔调一致，篇章结构有统一要求，尤其是同类文本开头结尾部分几乎是一致,6/62,日惯用语词汇,法律文体词汇,place locality,tell acquaint,refer advert,work function(,v.,),by itself in isolation,consideration factor,show evince,give denote,think consider,begin commence,7/62,惯用单词,普通文体含义,法律文体含义,action,行动,诉讼,alienation,疏远,转让,consideration,考虑,对价,counterpart,对方、对手,有同等效力副本,satisfaction,满意,清偿、赔偿,execution,执行,签署、签署,8/62,Features of legal materials,为了加强法律文体庄重性与严厉性，在英语中还将平时极少见古词语使用其中，普通这些词语多为副词，而且多以复合型副词为主。比如：,以here开头词有：,hereupon,于是,hereunder,下文,hereto 至此 hereof 在本文中,herewith 与此一道 herein 于此,hereafter 今后 hereat 由此,以there开头词有：,thereupon 在其上 thereunder 在其下,thereto 另外 thereof 由此,therewith 随即 therein 在那里,9/62,Features of legal materials,为了加强法律文体庄重性与严厉性，在英语中还将平时极少见古词语使用其中，普通这些词语多为副词，而且多以复合型副词为主。比如：,另外还有一些以where开头关系副词型复合词，如：,whereupon 据此 whereby 藉以,wherefore 为此 wherewith 用以,wherein 在那种情况下 whereof 关于那人（事，物）,这些词用来确指法律文本中某一方或协议双方，使行文准确，从而提升法律文书正式性。,10/62,Rules in translating legal materials,语言明确，,条理清楚，,行文严谨，,符合规范格式。,11/62,法律文书语言是强调指称功效，即强调其外延性意义。,因为英汉两种语言结构方式和表示方式上差异，在翻译时既要注意保持原意又不使译文过分艰涩难懂，让译文明确，又合乎法律文本规范，严谨而不死板。,12/62,在句法方面,，法律文体长句多，几十个字、上百个字长句司空见惯。为了使话语严谨，使用各种附加语、修饰语、说明语，以至句法成份前后编插、枝杈横生，句子结构膨胀，语法关系复杂化，又是读起来不畅。行文中少用代词，宁可重复名词。,因为法律文件主要是下命令及做出要求，所以法律文件,谓语动词结构比较简单,，最常见是“应该”，“能够”,“必须”,普通采取英文中与之对应，也是英文法律英语惯用谓语动词结构“should/shall/may+do/have done/be done”,13/62,对代词严格限制,法律英语中，指人或物词往往重复，而不使用代词，以防止代词指代不明而引发不一样了解与解释。,The Author,should bear the cost of any necessary fees for textual and illustrative permissions but the Publishers agree to pay such fees on,the Authors,behalf up to an agreed maximum amount and may deduct the same from my sums that may become due to,the Author,under this Agreement.,14/62,shall使用,在法律文体中，shall含有特殊含义，表示,“应该负担责任和义务”,带有指令性和强制性，充分表达了法律文件权威性和约束性。能够用于各种时态。Should在法律问题中，不表示法律义务，只表示普通义务或道义上义务，普通译为,应该,或,应,当，,15/62,Examples,2.如在解释上遇在分歧，应以英文本为准。,In case of any divergence of interpretation,the English text shall prevail.,2.如在解释上遇,到,分歧，应以英文本为准。,All the activities of a joint venture shall comply with the provisions of the laws,decrees and pertinent regulations of the Peoples Republic of China.,3.合营企业一切活动应恪守中华人民共和国法律、法令和相关条例要求。,16/62,Examples,1.Unless it is legally or physically impossible,the contractor shall execute and complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer.,除法律或外界条件不允许情况之外，承包商应严格按协议施工和完工，并更正工作中任何缺点，到达工程师满意程度。,17/62,译一,：,Export products,manufactured by foreign invested enterprises in the New Area,except those under other existing regulations,by the State,shall be exempted from Customs duty,.,4.本新区内外商投资企业生产出口产品，除国家另有要求产品之外，免征关税。,译二,：,Exports,manufactured by foreign-invested enterprises in the New Area are,duty-free,unless otherwise regulated,by the State.,Examples,18/62,有失简练,译意失真,滥用“shall”,Existing problems,19/62,有失简练,Existing problems,1.出让协议中要求必须拆除技术设备，受让人应按时拆除。,译一：,The transferee shall demolish and remove such technological equipment in time as required to be demolished and removed by the grant contract.,译二：,The grantee shall demolish and remove in time such technological equipment as,so,required by the grant contract.,20/62,译意失真,Existing problems,1.在下述情况下，ABC企业将保护买方不受损失。,译一：,Subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth,ABC company will indemnify and protect the Purchaser against any losses or damage.,译二：,Subject to the following conditions,ABC company will and protect the Purchaser against any losses or damage.,21/62,滥用“shall”,Existing problems,“shall”can be used to indicate that something is to be done if or when something else“shall”happen in the future.,In drafting legal documents,the use of“shall”in this way should be avoided,.,22/62,滥用“shall”,Existing problems,如乙方有违反本协议行为，,译一：,If Party B,shall,commit any,material,breach of this Contract,译二：,If Party B commits any breach of this contract,23/62,Existing problems,自9月20日起，甲方已无权接收任何定单或收据。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order or to accept any orders or to collect any account after September 20.,24/62,改译:Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order or to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.注：原文中所指时间应该包含9月20日这一天。不过原译忽略了这一点，改译后译文补上一个介词on，使译文意思与原文到达完全一致，防止有些人在这一英汉法律用语上钻时间空子。,25/62,Exercises,1,.,如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文文本为准。,2.合营企业一切活动应恪守中华人民共和国法律、法令和相关要求。,3.经过协商无法处理争议应由争议方提交缔约各方，按本条约第五十五条要求召开会议，该会审议并提出处理争议提议。,26/62,In case of any divergence of interpretation,the English text shall prevail.,All the activities of a joint venture shall comply with the provision of the laws,decrees and pertinent regulations of the PRC.,27/62,Any dispute which is not settled by negotiation shall be referred by the Contracting Parties in dispute to the Contracting Parties,meeting in conformity with Article 55 of this Convention,which shall thereupon consider the dispute and make recommendations for its settlements.,28/62,4.,付款人对于背书支票付款，应负有识别背书连续之责，但对于背书署名，不负识别真伪之,责,。,29/62,The drawee who pays an endorsable check is bound to verify the regularity of the series of endorsement,but not the signature of the endorsers.,30/62,在任一缔约国提出保护创造申请都可,以按照本条约要求提出国际申请。,31/62,Applications for the protection of inventions in any of the Contracting States,may be filed,as international applications under this Treaty.,32/62,（1）任何缔约国（2）都能够适用本国法，（3）要求（4）集体商标或证实商标（5）全部些人（6）向其国家主管机关提出(7)一些证实或其它证实，(8)尤其要包含(9)持有这种商标协会或其它团体章程(10)和相关监督这种商标使用规则。,33/62,(1)Any Contracting State(2)may apply its national law(3)requiring(4)that where the mark is a collective mark or a certificate mark(5)the owner thereof（6）must adduce(举出证据/理由等)before its national Office(7)certain supporting documents and other evidence,(8)including in particular(9)the bylaws(社团规章制度)of the association or other entity owning such mark(10)and the rules concerning the control exercises over the use of such mark.,34/62,假如协议被宣告无效，而在宣告无效后一段合理时间内，买方已以合理方式购置替换物，或者卖方已以合理方式把货物转卖，则要求损害赔偿一方能够取得协议价格和替换货物交易价格之间差额以及按照第七十四条要求能够取得任何其它损害赔偿。,35/62,If the contract is voided and if,in a reasonable manner and within a reasonable time after voidance,the buyer has bought goods in replacement or the seller has resold the goods,the party claiming damages may recover the difference between the contract price and the price in the substitute transaction as well as any further damages recoverable under article 74,.,36/62,协议编号,签署日期:_,签署地点:_,买方：,地址：,电话:_传真:电子邮箱:,卖方：,地址：,电话:_传真:,电子邮箱:,37/62,Contract No:_,Date:_,Signed at:_,The Buyer:,Address:,Tel:_Fax:,E-mail:,The Seller:,Address:,Tel:_Fax:,E-mail:,38/62,买卖双方同意按照以下条款签署本协议：,1.货物名称、规格和质量：,2.数量：,允许溢短装,3.单价：,4.总值：,5.交货条件FOB/CFR/CIF,6.原产地国与制造商:,7.包装及标准：,货物应含有防潮、防锈蚀、防震并适合于远洋运输包装，因为货物包装不良而造成货物残损、灭失应由卖方负责。卖方应在每个包装箱上用不褪色颜色标明尺码、包装箱号码、毛重、净重及“此端向上”、“防潮”、“小心轻放”等标识。,39/62,The Seller and the Buyer agree to conclude this Contract subject to the terms and conditions stated below:,1.Name,Specifications and Quality of Commodity：,2.Quantity：,%more or less allowed,3.Unit Price：,4.Total Amount：,5.Terms of Delivery FOB/CFR/CIF,6.Country of Origin and Manufacturers:,7.Packing：,The packing of the goods shall be preventive from dampness,rust,moisture,erosion and shock,and shall be suitable for ocean transportation/multiple transportation.The Seller shall be liable for any damage and loss of the goods attributable to the inadequate or improper packing.The measurement,gross weight,net weight and the cautions such as Do not stack up side down,Keep away from moisture,Handle with care shall be stenciled on the surface of each package with fadeless pigment.,40/62,8.唛头：,9.装运期限：,10.装运口岸：,11.目标口岸：,12.保险：,由按发票金额110%投保险和附加险。,13.付款条件：,(1)信用证方式：买方应在装运期前/协议生效后日，开出以卖方为受益人不可撤消议付信用证，信用证在装船完成后日内到期。,(2)付款交单：货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人付款跟单汇票，按即期付款交单（D/P）方式，经过卖方银行及银行向买方转交单证，换取货物。,(3)承兑交单：货物发运后，卖方出具以买方为付款人付款跟单汇票，付款期限为后日，按即期承兑交单(D/A日)方式，经过卖方银行及银行，经买方承兑后，向买方转交单证，买方在汇票期限到期时支付货款。,(4)货到付款：买方在收到货物后天内将全部货款支付卖方（不适合用于FOB、CRF、CIF术语）。,41/62,8.Shipping Marks：,9.Time of Shipment：,10.Port of Loading：,11.Port of Destination：,12.Insurance：,Insurance shall be covered by the _ for 110%of the invoice value against _ Risks and _ Additional Risks.,13.Terms of Payment：,(1)Letter of Credit:The Buyer shall,_ days prior to the time of shipment/after this Contract comes into effect,open an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Seller.The Letter of Credit shall expire _ days after the completion of loading of the shipment as stipulated.,42/62,(2)Documents against payment:After shipment,the Seller shall draw a sight bill of exchange on the Buyer and deliver the documents through Sellers bank and _ Bank to the Buyer against payment,i.e D/P.The Buyer shall effect the payment immediately upon the first presentation of the bill(s)of exchange.,(3)Documents against Acceptance:After shipment,the Seller shall draw a sight bill of exchange,payable_ days after the Buyers delivers the document through Sellers bank and _Bank to the Buyer against acceptance(D/A _ days).The Buyer shall make the payment on date of the bill of exchange.,(4)Cash on delivery(COD):The Buyer shall pay to the Seller total amount within _ days after the receipt of the goods(This clause is not applied to the Terms of FOB,CFR,CIF).,43/62,14.单据：,卖方应将以下单据提交银行议付/托收：,(1)标明通知收货人/受货代理人全套清洁、已装船、空白抬头、空白背书并注明运费已付/到付海运/联运/陆运提单。,(2)标有协议编号、信用证号（信用证支付条件下）及装运唛头商业发票一式份；,(3)由出具装箱或重量单一式份；,(4)由出具质量证实书一式份；,(5)由出具数量证实书一式份；,(6)保险单正本一式份(CIF交货条件)；,(7)签发产地证一式份；,44/62,14.Documents Required：,The Seller shall present the following documents required to the bank for negotiation/collection:,(1)Full set of clean on board Ocean/Combined Transportation/Land Bills of Lading and blank endorsed marked freight prepaid/to collect;,(2)Signed commercial invoice in _copies indicating Contract No.,L/C No.(Terms of L/C)and shipping marks;,(3)Packing list/weight memo in _ copies issued by；,(4)Certificate of Quality in _ copies issued by；,(5)Certificate of Quantity in _ copies issued by；,(6)Insurance policy/certificate in _ copies(Terms of CIF)；,(7)Certificate of Origin in _ copies issued by；,(8)The Seller shall,within _ hours after shipment effected,send by courier each copy of the above-mentioned documents No.,45/62,装运通知:,卖方应在交运后_小时内以特快专递方式邮寄给买方上述第项单据副本一式一套。,15.装运条款：,(1)FOB交货方式,卖方应在协议要求装运日期前30天，以方式通知买方协议号、品名、数量、金额、包装件、毛重、尺码及装运港可装日期，方便买方安排租船/订舱。装运船只按期抵达装运港后，如卖方不能按时装船，发生空船费或滞期费由卖方负担。在货物越过船弦并脱离吊钩以前一切费用和风险由卖方负担。,(2)CIF或CFR 交货方式,卖方须按时在装运期限内将货物由装运港装船至目标港。在CFR术语下，卖方应在装船前2天以方式通知买方协议号、品名、发票价值及开船日期，方便买方安排保险。,46/62,15.Terms of Shipment：,(1)FOB,The Seller shall,30 days before the shipment date specified in the Contract,advise the Buyer by _ of the Contract No.,commodity,quantity,amount,packages,gross weight,measurement,and the date of shipment in order that the Buyer can charter a vessel/book shipping space.In the event of the Sellers failure to effect loading when the vessel arrives duly at the loading port,all expenses including dead freight and/or demurrage charges thus incurred shall be for the Sellers account.,47/62,(2)CIF、CFR,The Seller shall ship the goods duly within the shipping duration from the port of loading to the port of destination.,Under CFR terms,the Seller shall advise the Buyer by _ of the Contract No.,commodity,invoice value and the date of dispatch two days before the shipment for the Buyer to arrange insurance in time.,48/62,16.装运通知：,一俟装载完成，卖方应在小时内以方式通知买方协议编号、品名、已发运数量、发票总金额、毛重、船名/车/机号及启程日期等。,17.质量确保：,货物品质规格必须符合本协议及质量确保书之要求，品质确保期为货到目标港个月内。在确保期限内，因制造厂商在设计制造过程中缺点造成货物损害应由卖方负责赔偿。,49/62,16.Shipping Advice：,The Seller shall,immediately upon the completion of the loading of the goods,advise the Buyer of the Contract No.,names of commodity,loading quantity,invoice values,gross weight,name of vessel and shipment date by _ within _hours.,17.Quality Guarantee：,The Seller shall guarantee that the commodity must be in conformity with the quatity,specifications and quantity specified in this Contract and Letter of Quality Guarantee.The guarantee period shall be _ months after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination,and during the period the Seller shall be responsible for the damage due to the defects in designing and manufacturing of the manufacturer.,50/62,18.检验（以下两项任选一项）：,（1）卖方须在装运前日委托检验机构对本协议之货物进行检验并出具检验证书，货到目标港后，由买方委托检验机构进行检验。,(2)发货前，制造厂应对货物质量、规格、性能和数量/重量作精密全方面检验，出具检验证实书，并说明检验技术数据和结论。货到目标港后，买方将申请中国商品检验局(以下简称商检局)对货物规格和数量/重量进行检验，如发觉货物残损或规格、数量与协议要求不符，除保险企业或轮船企业责任外，买方得在货物抵达目标港后日内凭商检局出具检验证书向卖方索赔或拒收该货。在确保期内，如货物因为设计或制造上缺点而发生损坏或品质和性能与协议要求不符时，买方将委托中国商检局进行检验。,51/62,18.Inspection：,（1）The Seller shall have the goods inspected by _ days before the shipment and have the Inspection Certificate issued by_.The Buyer may have the goods reinspected by _ after the goods诰rrival at the destination.,(2)The manufacturers shall,before delivery,make a precise and comprehensive inspection of the goods with regard to its quality,specifications,performance and quantity/weight,and issue inspection cert