第七讲虚拟语气.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,1.,规则,2.,练习,条件从句,主句,与现在事实相反,If+S,+,动词过去式（,be-were,）,S+would,+,动词原形,与过去事实相反,If+S+had,+,过去分词,S+would+have,+,过去分词,与将来事实相反,Were+,不定式,Should+,动词原形,Would/should+,动词原形,Note,：,如果,if,从句的谓语动词含有,had,、,were,、,should,等词,可以省略,if,。但需将,had,、,were,、,should,提前，用倒装结构来表示虚拟语气。,2,虚拟语气在动词,advise,，,suggest,，,propose,，,direct,，,insist,，,ask,，,request,，,demand,，,require,，,order,，,recommend,，,command,，,urge,，,desire,，,determine,，,decide,，,intend,，,move,，,vote,等表示“建议，要求，命令,”,等动词后的,that-,从句中用“（,should,）,+,动词原形”（,should,可以省略）。另外“,It is+,动词过去分式,+that”,结构中，动词仍是以上这些动词，在,that-,从句中用“（,should,）,+,动词原形”（,should,可以省略）。,虚拟语气在表示“建议，要求，命令，主张，目的，愿望”，如：,suggestion,proposal,demand,recommendation,request,advice,decision,motion,preference,word,order,desire,necessity,decree,instruction,resolution,等这类名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，用“,(should)+,动词原形”。举例：,1)We are all for your proposal that the decision _.A)be put off B)was put off C)should put off D)is to put off,3,3.,虚拟语气在,It is+adj.+that,结构中的,that-,从句中用“,(should)+,动词原形”。这类形容词或分词有：,essential(,必要的,),urgent(,紧迫的,),necessary(,必要的,),important(,重要的,),advisable(,合理的,),asked(,要求,),desired(,希望的,),natural(,自然的,),desirable(,理想的,),demanded(,要求的,),preferable(,更好的,),imperative(,迫切的,),ordered(,命令的,),required(,要求的,),suggested(,建议的,),。,举例：,1)I dont think it advisable that Tim_to the job since he has no experience.A)is assigned B)will be assigned,C)be assigned D)has been assigned2)It is essential these application forms back as early as possible.A)must be sent B)will be sent,C)are sent D)be sent,4,虚拟语气在连接词,lest,引导的从句中，,lest,作“害怕，以免”解，其引导的谓语从句应用“,(should)+,动词原形”。有类似从用法的连词还有：,for fear that,in case,。如：,He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.,他带上了雨衣以防下雨。,She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.,她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉,举例：,1)The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he_ himself.A)injure B)had injured,C)injured D)would injure2)He was punished he should make the same mistake again.A)unless B)provided,C)if D)lest,5,虚拟语气在,would rather(had rather,would just as soon),表示“希望，宁愿”时，其后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。如：,Id rather you posted the letter right away.,我倒希望你把这封信立即寄出。,I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.,我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。,6,如果句子主语不是对他人而是对自己的行为表示某种愿望或感叹，其谓语形式有两种情况：,1,、表示现在情况用,would rather+do,；,2,、表示过去情况用,would rather+have done.,如：,I would rather buy a house with a garden.,我真希望买一座带花园的房子。,She would rather not have gone to the party.,她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。,另外还有,would sooner,从句用过去时表示尚未发生的动作；用过去完成时表示对已发生的动作的某种愿望。举例：,1)You dont have to be in such a hurry,I would rather you_ on business first.A)would to B)will go C)went D)have gone,7,wish,作“希望”解，其后的宾语从句中，,(1),同时。表示与现在情况相反的愿望，谓语动词用动词过去式,(,包括进行体,),，即,that,主语,+V-,ed(be,动词用,were),；,(2),先时。表示与过去情况相反的愿望时，用,had+,过去分词,(,有时根据意思要用,could have+,动词过去分词,),；,(3),后时。表示与将来情况可能相反的愿望，用,would+,动词原形。如：,I wish I were as young as you.(,同时,),我要是和你一样年轻就好了。,I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.(,先时,),但愿那时他对这事不那么大惊小怪了。,It was wished that they would make greater progress.(,后时,),那时人们希望他们能取得更大的进步就好了,举例：,1)Sometimes I wish I_ in a different time and a different place.A)be living B)were living C)would live,D)would have lived2)I wish I_ longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class.A)could have slept B)slept,C)might have slept D)have slept3)Jack wishes that he_ business instead of history when he was in university.,A)had studied B)study,C)studiedD)had been studying,8,if only,作“要是,就好了”解，相当于“,How I wish+,宾语从句”，它引导的感叹句中，,(1),表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式；,(2),表示将来不大可能实现的愿望用,would/could+,动词原形；,(3),与过去事实相反用过去完成式。,举例：,1)Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I_ your advice.A)follow B)had followed C)would follow D)have followed2)If only the committee_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A)approve B)will approve C)can approve D)would approve,9,It is(high/about)time(that),作“,(,早,),该是,的时候了”解，后跟句子中的谓语动词用过去式。,It is(has been)since,后跟句子中的谓语动词用过去式。,This is the first(second)time that,后跟句子中的谓语动词用现在完成时,(have done),。,举例：,1)“You are very selfish.It is high time you_ that you are not the most important person in the world.”Edgar said to his boss angrily.A)realized B)have realized C)realize D)should realize2)It is already 5:00 p.m.now.Dont you think its about time_?A)we are going home B)we go home C)we went home D)we can go home,10,有时假设的情况不是以条件从句的形式表示出来的，而是通过介词或介词短语，如：,with,without,，,but for,but that(,假使不,，要不是,),save that,except for,等，或由连词,but,or,，副词,otherwise,only,等或通过上下文以及其他形式表现出来。,举例：,1)We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we_ him.A)would have telephoned B)must have telephoned C)would telephone D)had telephoned,If it(be)nor for,是常见的虚拟条件句，意思是“要不是,”,，相当于,but for,和,without,。如：,If it were not for the leadership of the Party,we could not be living a happy life today.,要不是有了党的领导，我们今天就不可能过上幸福生活了。,If it had not been for your help,we would not have achieved so much in our work.,要不是有了你的帮助，我们工作中不会取得如此大的成绩。,Without electricity,there would be no modern industry.,没有电就不会有现代工业。,But for your cooperation,we could not have succeeded in our experiment.,没有你们的帮助，我们的试验是不可能成功的。,But that she was afraid,she would have said no.,要不是害怕的话，她就会拒绝了。,as if/as though,，其用法与,wish,完全相同。,如：,She loves the children in the kindergarten as if the were her own.(,同时,),她爱幼儿园里的孩子好像他们是她自己孩子拨似的。,Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.,艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人似的。,She looks as if she would cry.,她看起来好像要哭了,。,Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets,paying special attention to the subjunctive mood.,1,.If I were you,I(accept)_ the job.,2,.If they were here tomorrow,the problem(solve)_.,3,.Luckily I was wearing a seat belt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I _(injure)seriously.,4,.Were it for their help,we(not overcome)_ the difficulties.,would accept,would be solved,would/should/could/might have been injured,would not have overcome,Exercise,5,.If we hadnt got everything ready by now,we(have)_ a terrible time tomorrow.,6,.He works with such enthusiasm as if he never(know)_ fatigue(,疲倦,).,7,.He wouldnt have been saved even if he(send)_ to hospital at once.,8,.If only I(take)_ your advice at that time!,knew,had taken,would have,had been sent,9,.We wish that people everywhere(show)_ more concern for the environment around them.,10,.Modern business and industry demand that every manager (know)_ much about economic management.,11,.It is desired that this rule,(obey)_ by everyone working here.,12,.It is a great pity that he(be)_ so stubborn(,顽固,).,showed,(should)know,(should)be obeyed,(should)be,Exercise,13,.It is high time that you(learn)_ English and computer well.,14,.I would rather that Mr.Williams(make)_ the speech at the conference instead of the dean that day.,15,.He would sooner you(not see)_ him any more in the future.,learned,did not see,had made,Write through Correcting Mistakes,Correct the errors in the following sentences.,If you would buy one box at the regular price,you would receive,another one at no extra cost.,2.Since her blood pressure is much higher than it should be,her,doctor insists that she will not smoke any longer.,bought/should buy/were to buy,shouldnt smoke/not smoke,Exercise,3.If you had gone to last nights game,you must have enjoyed,seeing our team win.,4.It is advisable that she may leave for Madrid as soon,as possible.,would/could/should/might have enjoyed,(should)leave/leave,5.Did you visit Los Angeles on your vacation?,If I would have a week off.,had,Write through Correcting Mistakes,Exercise,6.It is desired that she was promoted to the position of the manager.,7.I wish that they didnt leave so early that day.,(should)be promoted,hadnt left,8.I could buy the ten-speed bicycle myself,but my mother,promised to give it to me on my birthday.,could have bought,Write through Correcting Mistakes,9.I would rather that Miss Evans taught us English literature last,semester.,10.“Dont you think it is time that you work harder at your,lessons?”the mother said to Tom.,had taught,worked,Write through Correcting Mistakes,Exercise,1.,我的想法是，在他们困难的时候要给他们以援助。,My idea is that we(should)give them a hand when they are in trouble.,It is necessary that another computer center(should)be set up in our department.,Translate the following sentences into English.,in trouble,.,set up,Exercise,2.,我们系有必要再建一个计算机中心。,3.,老太太希望能活到看见孙子上大学。,4.,他讲起那个城市来就好像他本人去过哪儿似的。,The old woman wishes that she could live to see her grandson go to college.,He talks about that city as if(though)he had been there himself,.,go to college.,as if,Exercise,5.,如果我们当时准备充分的话，我们就可能成功了。,Had we made(If we had made)adequate preparations,we might have succeeded,.,made adequate preparations,Exercise,