NEBOSH培训IGC-1-E4.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,ELEMENT 4,PLANNING FOR SAFETY,1,LEARNING OUTCOMES,Policy,Importance of planning in H&S,Principles and practice of risk assessment,Hierarchy of controls,Key sources of H&S information,Factors to be considered when developing SSOW,Role and function of permit to work system,2,PLANNING FOR SAFETY,Remember.Plan,do check act?-HSEMS,Now set the objectives,but make them SMART,Specific:Clearly defined,Measurable:Can be measured,Achievable:It can be done,Reasonable:Within the time scale,Timely:A deadline or timescale,3,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Outline what the organisation may need to consider when setting health and safety objectives,8 marks,4,RISK ASSESSMENT,What is it?,A careful examination of what,in your work,could cause harm to people so that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions to prevent harm or need to do more.,The aim of risk assessment is to identify significant risks and set priorities to minimise risks thereby reducing accidents and ill health.,5,RISK ASSESSMENT,The concept of risk assessment requires to take,reasonably practicable precautions,to safeguard staff and everyone else who may be affected by the operations.,The risk assessment should be based on a balanced judgment of the extent and realization of the risk against,time,trouble and cost,of the steps required to remove or reduce it.,If the cost is grossly disproportionate,then the company is entitled to say that the steps proposed are not reasonably practicable.,6,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Give the meaning of the term risk assessment,4 marks,Identify reasons why a risk assessment should be recorded in writing,4 marks,7,RISK ASSESSMENT,Definitions:,Accident,Near Miss,Dangerous Occurrence,Occupational/work related ill health,8,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,9,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,10,Frank&Bird accident triangle 1950s,1 serious injury,10 minor injury,30 property damage,Gathered from 600 incidents,RISK ASSESSMENT,11,RISK ASSESSMENT,What,is a Hazard.,Anything that has the potential to cause harm,What is Risk.,The likelihood of the hazard realising actual harm,12,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Define the term Hazard,2 marks,Define the term Risk.,2 marks,13,RISK ASSESSMENT,Competence of Risk Assessors,A combination of training,knowledge,experience and personal qualities,A thorough understanding of the processes and procedures involved,Knowledge of own limitations,Good communication skills,14,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,An organisation is to introduce a new manufacturing process at their work site.It is important that all,significant risks area assessed and properly managed,Outline what the organisation needs to consider when deciding who should carry out risk assessments,for the new process,6 marks,Outline the factors that the employer should take into account when selecting individuals to assist in carrying out the required risk assessment,6 marks,15,RISK ASSESSMENT,Risk assessment has to be Suitable and Sufficient,Identify all the significant hazards and risks,Evaluate the risks,Identify employees and others at risk,Identify control measures,Record the significant and ignore the trivial,Be appropriate to the nature of the work,Ensure that the residual risk is low,16,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Explain the criteria which must be met for the assessment to be suitable and sufficient,4 marks,17,RISK ASSESSMENT,Risk Assessment 5 Steps,Identify the Hazards,Decide who may be harmed and how,Evaluate risks&existing precautions,Record the findings,Review Assessments and revise if necessary,18,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Identify the key stages of a workplace risk assessment,5 marks,19,RISK ASSESSMENT,Step 1-,Identify the hazards,Consider both safety and health hazards,Inspections,Task Analysis,Legislation,Manufacturers Information,Incident data,20,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Identify FOUR means of hazard identification that may be used in the workplace,4 marks,21,RISK ASSESSMENT,Step 2-,Who may be harmed&how?,Employees,young workers,expectant mothers,visitors,public,disabled,night shift workers etc.,Other Factors to Consider,How likely to occur?,Consequences?,Number of people?,Effects of exposure?,Frequency/Duration?,Existing Controls?,22,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Identify reasons why young workers could be at greater risk of being injured at work,4 marks,Outline the control measures that should be taken to minimise risks to young workers,4 marks,Give TWO reasons why visitors to a workplace might be at greater risk of injury than workers,2 marks,Outline the precautions that could be taken to ensure the health and safety of visitors to a workplace,8 marks,Identify work activities that may present a particular risk to pregnant women at work AND give an example of EACH type of activity.,6 marks,23,15,20,24,RISK ASSESSMENT,RISK MATRIX,15,20,S,E,V,E,R,I,T,Y,LIKELIHOOD,25,RISK ASSESSMENT,Likelihood&Severity Exercise,15,20,S,E,V,E,R,I,T,Y,LIKELIHOOD,26,RISK ASSESSMENT,Likelihood&Severity Exercise,15,20,S,E,V,E,R,I,T,Y,LIKELIHOOD,27,RISK ASSESSMENT,Hierarchy of Risk Reduction Measures,-ERICPD,Elimination,Reduction,Isolate,Control,Personal Protective Equipment,Discipline,RISK ASSESSMENT,Principles of Control,Avoiding risks,Evaluating the risks that cannot be avoided,Combating the risks at source,Adapting the work to the individual,Adapting to technical progress,Replacing the dangerous by the less/non dangerous,Safe System of Work,Reduce time of exposure,Giving priority to collective protective measures,Providing appropriate training,information and supervision,28,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Outline,with examples,the general hierarchy that should be applied in order to control,health and safety risks in the workplace.,8 marks,Identify the factors to be considered to reduce the risks to workers required to work alone away from the workplace,8 marks,Identify precautions that could be taken to reduce the risk of injury to visitors to a workplace,6 marks,Outline actions that an employer may take when a risk to a new or expectant mother cannot be avoided.,2 marks,29,Name and describe the sign,SAFETY SIGNS,Video Safety signs,30,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Identify FOUR categories of workplace safety signs AND give an example of EACH,8 marks,31,PPE,must be;,Comfortable,Adjustable,Compatible,Affordable,PPE,must have;,Wearer Training,Accommodation,Maintenance,Defects reported,Inspection,Replacement programme.,PPE,must not be;,Worn if damaged,Abused,Incorrectly used,PPE,Provided by employer,No cost to worker,Worker complies with rules,PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT,PPE is a last resort,Does not change likelihood only outcome!Many different types but must always be SUITABLE,32,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Explain why the provision of personal protective equipment(PPE)should be considered only after,other control measures,8 marks,Due to its limitations personal protective equipment(PPE)should only be considered after other control measures,Outline the limitations of using PPE,8 marks,33,15,20,S,E,V,E,R,I,T,Y,LIKELIHOOD,34,RISK ASSESSMENT,Step 4-Record the Significant findings,The significant hazards,People affected,Adequacy of controls,Further actions,required,The risk assessment should be communicated and made available to those involved so that any requirements can be implemented,15,20,S,E,V,E,R,I,T,Y,LIKELIHOOD,35,RISK ASSESSMENT,Step 5-,Review Risk Assessment,Circumstance requiring RA Review,Accidents,Changes in Process,Changes in Work Methods,Changes in Materials,New Plant or Technology,New Information,Changes in Legislation,Prosecutions/Enforcement notices,Changes in Personnel,Monitoring Results not as expected,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Outline THREE reasons for reviewing a risk assessment,3 marks,36,Remember sources of information from Element 1?,Internal and external!,This information should help to build a safe system of work,SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR H&S,37,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Outline sources of information that could be consulted when developing a safe system of work,10 marks,38,PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL,Development of a Safe systems of work,The integration of(MEEP),Materials,Equipment,Environment,People,To produce and maintain an acceptable level of safety,39,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Give the meaning of the term safe system of work,2 marks,Outline factors that should be considered when developing a safe system of work,8 marks,Using a practical example,outline what is meant by the following types of controls within a safe system of work,Technical,Behavioural,Procedural,2 marks each,An organisation is introducing a new activity that requires a safe system of work.Explain:,Why it is important to involve workers in the development of a safe system of work,4 marks,Why it is important for safe systems of work to have written procedures,4 marks,40,PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL,Developing a Safe systems of work-SREDIM,S,elect the task to be analysed,R,ecord the steps or stages of the task,E,valuate the risks associated with each step,D,evelop a safe working method,I,mplement the safe working method,M,onitor to ensure it is effective,41,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Outline information that should be given to employees in a training session on a safe system of work,8 marks,42,PRINCIPLES OF,CONTROL,Developing a Safe systems of,work Working in Confined Spaces,What is a Confined Space?,It can be any space of an enclosed nature where there is a risk of death or serious injury from hazardous substances or dangerous conditions(e.g.lack of oxygen).,Any chamber,tank,vat,silo,pit,trench,pipe,sewer,flue,well or other similar space in which,by virtue of its enclosed nature,there arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk;,43,PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL,Developing a Safe systems of work Working in Confined Spaces,What are the dangers within a confined space?,A lack of oxygen,Poisonous gas,fume or vapour,Fire and explosions,Hot conditions,Entrapment,Other dangers arising through the work being carried out,44,PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL,Developing a Safe systems of work Working in Confined Spaces,Points to be checked include:,Pre-planning(Risk Assessment and method planning),Emptying of vessels,Isolation,Cleaning,Ventilation,Testing for and maintaining a safe atmosphere,Personal Protective Equipment,Establishing a safe means of access and egress,Standby arrangements,Permits-to-Work,Emergency arrangements,Video Confined space entry,45,MODEL QUESTION,MARKS,Identify TWO examples of confined spaces.,2 marks,Describe the main factors to consider when preparing a safe system of work for entry into a confined space.,6 marks,46,PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL,Developing a Safe systems of work,Permit to Work,Definition:,A Permit to Work procedure is a formal written system used to control certain types of work which are potentially hazardous,Work requiring permits,Confined space entry,Hot work/Cold work,(open flame,static electricity,chemicals),Excavation,Work at height,Machinery maintenance,Electrical work,Gas related work,Demolition,Video Safe work permit,47,