环境工程专业英语PPT.ppt

書式設定,書式設定,第,2,第,3,第,4,第,5,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,环境工程专业英语,Professional English for Environmental Engineering,2,Improvement of reading,translation,writing and presentation skill in English for environmental engineering,How to make use of this course?,The Ideal Goal,The Realistic Goal,Some new words,Some expression skill,Focus for some Chapter,Access to background knowledge on some chapter,Understanding of concepts involved in some chapter,3,Self-confidence,Diligence and perseverance,NOT:,Have,grandiose,aims but,puny,abilities,，,great,ambition,but little,talent,.,Work by fits and starts.,Regularly visit environmental website and access to environ-mental information,How to make use of this course?,Recommendations on how to improve your English ability for environmental engineering,眼高手低，志大才疏,三天打鱼，两天晒网,4,Qu.1,：,Why should we speak English,？,For,teachers,？,For the Country,？,For CET4 or CET6,？,For yourself.Be force to do.,How to make use of this course?,5,The Major Citation Index,(,著名引文数据库,),What is Citation Index?,A,citation index,is a kind of,bibliographic,(,书目,),database,an index of,citations between publications,allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents.,是将各种参考文献按照一定规则记录下来，集合而成的规范的数据集。,6,Qu.1,：,What are the famous English,Citation Index,？,Qu.,：,Which is the best of the best,？,SCI,，,EI,，,ISTP,SCI,The Major Citation Index,(,著名引文数据库,),7,Part The Major Citation Index-SCI,8,Part The Major Citation Index,1.What is SCI?,Full name,（全称）,Science Citation Index,Dr.Eugene Garfield,Founder&Chairman EmeritusISI,Thomson Scientific,“Our ultimate goal is to extend our retrospective coverage of the scientific literature back to the twentieth century.The Century of Science initiative makes that dream come true.”,Chinese name,（中文名称）,科学引文检索,Publishing agency,（出版机构）,Institute for Scientific lnformation,ISI,（美国科学信息研究所，,1961),Dr.Garfield,（,加菲尔德）,1955,年在,Science,发表论文提出将引文索引作为一种新的文献检索与分类工具，将一篇文献作为检索字段从而跟踪一个,Idea,的发展过程。,9,2004,Cited References,1993,1991,1995,1980,2003,Times Cited,Related Records,2003,2004,1999,2002,1994,2004,Citing,从一篇高质量的文献出发,沿着科学研究的发展道路,Cited References,越查越旧,Times Cited,越查越新,Related Records,越查越深,1998,分析：,学科分布、发展趋势、机构,/,作者等,10,Social Sciences Citation Index,（,SSCI,）,社会科学引文索引,Arts&Humanities Citation Index,（,A&HCI,）,艺术与人文科学引文索引,Index to Scientific&Technical Proceedings,（,ISTP,）,科技会议录索引,Index to Social Sciences&Humanities Proceedings,（,ISSHP,）,社会科学与人文会议录索引,CPCI-S,（,Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science,）,CPCI-SSH,（,Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science&Humanities,）,Part The Major Citation Index,11,Subject involved,（涉及学科）,SCI,是一种多学科的综合性索引，涉及数、理、化、农、林、医、生命科学、天文、地理、环境、材料、工程技术等九十多个自然科学领域的核心期刊,10000,余种（包括印刷版、光盘版、网络版等）。收录范围侧重基础学科。,Part The Major Citation Index,12,SCI,从来源期刊数量,SCI,(3796,种,),SCI,印刷版和,SCI,光盘版。,SCI-E(SCI-Expanded 6097,种,),可通过国际联机和国际互联网,进行检索。,收录,40,多个国家的期刊，其中以英美两国为主，约占,60%,；中国大陆收录大约,80,种期刊，但普遍因子不高。,Publication Form,（出版形式）,Part The Major Citation Index,13,Quality,质量,-,高质量的期刊是权威的关键,Quality,质量,Characteristics,（特点）,Part The Major Citation Index,Our team of highly qualified and experienced editors select journals for coverage using a,stringent,（严谨、严格）,and time tested journal selection process,we will take a closer look at the selection process in a moment.,We are not associated with any primary publishers of academic journals.Our selection process is,unbiased and impartial,.We evaluate all types of journals including journals from commercial publishers,academic society journals,open access journals and electronic only journals.,近五十年,SCI,系统遵循严谨的选刊过程，,选刊标准,包括：编辑及专家水平，引文指标，其中,引文指标,最为客观。,引文指标包括被引频次 、,影响因子,、即时指数 、引用半衰期,14,Quality,Diversity,广度,-,综合全面的信息是被广泛接受的前提,Diversity,广度,Quality,质量,Part The Major Citation Index,Characteristics,（特点）,The Web of Science is a truly,multi-disciplinary,（多学科，综合性）,database,of over 8,600 journals in 200,categories,（领域）,.This allows you to discover obscure relationships between,disciplines,and get the complete picture of any particular research topic.It also gives you a broad and even insight into the entire academic publishing community.This is absolutely essential for performing non-biased and systematic research evaluation using,bibliometrics,（文献统计学）,.,相对性的全,地域、类型、学科,10,000,+,种学术期刊,科学、社会科学、艺术与人文领域,15,Depth,深度,Quality,Diversity,广度,Quality,质量,Depth,深度,-,提供最悠久的引文回溯数据,Going all the way back to 1945 in Sciences,1956 in the Social Sciences and 1975 in the Arts&Humanities,you can be sure of getting the complete history of any research topic.,Part The Major Citation Index,Characteristics,（特点）,Although we recognize the importance of current information,we have found that some of the most influential research is often decades old,and without researching the historic records significantly you will be missing out on key information.,16,Unique Data,独特,的数据,Quality,质量,Unique Data,数据的独特性保证了其权威性和受欢迎度,We have been,capturing,unifying and standardising,（收集、统一、规范）,Author Cited References over 55 years,and this allows unique methods of discovery simply not possible in any other literature database.,Diversity,广度,Depth,深度,Part The Major Citation Index,Characteristics,（特点）,Unique capabilities,17,Function,（,功能,）,反映科技论文质量和学术水平。,Part The Major Citation Index,It is possible to,navigate backwards,（向后检索）,in time through the“Cited References”and forwards in time using the“Times Cited”,hyperlinks,（超链接）,to discover the complete story behind every single research activity.,Discover the details of all of the prior work that made this discovery possible,but in addition you can also find the latest developments that have been built upon this discovery.,Using the“Related Records”function,，,it is also possible to expand your search and find articles that are impossible to find through traditional searching techniques.,18,Impact factor,（影响因子）,例如：某期刊,2005,年影响因子的计算,本刊,2004,年的文章在,2005,年的被引次数：,48,本刊,2004,年的发文量：,187,本刊,2003,年的文章在,2005,年的被引次数：,128,本刊,2003,年的发文量：,154,在一定时期（通常是前两年）内，某一刊物发表的论文，被已经进入,SCI,刊物的论文所引用的总次数，除以该刊物这一时期内的论文总数，即为该刊物的,影响因子,。,Part The Major Citation Index,本刊,2003-2004,的文章在,2005,年的被引次数总计：,176,本刊,2003-2004,年的发文量总计：,341,本刊,2005,年的影响因子：,0.5161=176341,意义：该指标是相对统计值，可克服大小期刊由于载文量不同所带来的偏差。一般来说，影响因子越大，其学术影响力也越大。,19,Immediacy Index,（及时指数）,及时指数是指一种期刊当年发表的文献在当年被引用的次数与当年的文献总数之比。此指标表示期刊论文所述的研究课题在当前的热门程度。,Cited Half Life,（被引用半衰期）,被引用的半衰期是指一种期刊各年发表的文献，在当年被引用次数逐年累计达到被引用总数的,50%,所用的年数。反映期刊论文研究题目的延续时间，即期刊论文时效性的长短，或知识更新的快慢。,Part The Major Citation Index,20,Part The Major Citation Index,2.SCI in China,上世纪,80,年代末，南京大学率先将,SCI,引入中国的科研评价体系,。,The History,Present Situation,2008,年，,中国科学技术信息研究所,公布的统计结果显示：,2007,年，,SCI,收录的中国科技论文数达,94800,篇，比,2006,年增长,33.5%,，占世界份额的,7.5%,，排在世界第三位，仅处于美国和英国之后。,2003,年至,2013,年（截至,2013,年,9,月,1,日），我国科技人员发表的国际科技论文共被引用,709.88,万次，比上年度统计时提升,1,位，排在世界第,5,位。,21,Part The Major Citation Index,22,中国高校,SCI,论文排行（,2006,）,浙江大学,-3034,清华大学,-2801,上海交通大学,-2243,北京大学,-1957,复旦大学,-1580,南京大学,-1414,华中科技大学 武汉大学,-1107,山东大学,-1058,Part The Major Citation Index,23,中国高校,SCI,论文排行（,2013-7-12,）,Part The Major Citation Index,浙江大学,2577,吉林大学,1332,同济大学,989,上海交大,2396,山东大学,1328,武汉大学,964,清华大学,1942,哈 工 大,1260,天津大学,957,北京大学,1822,南京大学,1244,东南大学,840,复旦大学,1620,中南大学,1161,北 航,777,四川大学,1548,西安交大,1139,南开大学,732,华中科大,1458,中国科大,1018,电子科大,711,中山大学,1384,大连理工,1011,华南理工,710,24,Part The Major Citation Index,3.,Merits and Mistakes,从一定程度上使得科研资助更加客观、公平，提高了我国高校的学术竞争力，促进了我国科研事业的发展。,SCI,成了,Stupid Chinese Idea,（愚蠢的中国式观念）,-,李国杰院士,Positive aspect,Negative aspect,谁来决定中国基础研究方向,-,蔡睿贤院士,一定要看发表文章数量、一定要看排名先后的科研评价体系，已经严重阻碍了科技工作者的成长，过于苛刻的量化考核指标让他们无法正常进行科研,-,陈宜瑜院士（前国家自然科学基金委员会主任）,25,Part The Major Citation Index,3.How to make use of SCI,？,Web of Science,1997,年，,美国,Thomson Scientific,（汤姆森科技信息集团）基于,WEB,的开放环境,，,将,SCI,，,SSCI,，,AHCI,整合，创建了网络版的多学科文摘数据库,Web of Science,The Major Citation Index,3.How to make use of SCI,？,Web of Science,The Major Citation Index,-EI,28,Part The Major Citation Index,1.What is EI?,Full name,（全称）,The Engineering Index,Chinese name,（中文名称）,工程索引,Publishing agency,（出版机构）,Engineering information Inc.,（美国工程信息公司，,1884,）,Engineering Information(Ei)is the leader in providing online information,knowledge and support to engineering researchers.Through our flagship platform Engineering Village,we provide information research tools specifically focused on the content and intelligence that engineering researchers need to stay informed and up-to-date on the latest information in their field.,29,Part The Major Citation Index,About EI,（涉及学科）,5600,多种期刊、行业杂志、会议录,(22%),和技术报告的参考资料及摘要；,1100,万项记录（,1969,年至今）；,每年新增,65,万项记录；,每周更新，增加,1.25,万笔新文献信息；,工程索引过刊：,1884-1968,年,(,超过,170,万项记录,),；,90%,的文献语种是英文,1992,年开始收录中国期刊。,2009,年，核心库与非核心库的合并使得收录的中文期刊大大减少。,2013,年再次更新了期刊源列表，又进行了一定程度的增删。,30,Part The Major Citation Index,Subject involved,（涉及学科）,IEEE/IEE Electronic Library(IEL),美国电气电子工程师学会,(IEEE),和英国电气工程师学会,(IEE),全文数据库,22,个学科,242,种期刊 每周增加,5,800,篇最新文献,Knovel 17,个主题,23,个学科,Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts(1982-)-,生物技术和生物工程文摘数据库,(CSA),7,个领域,SPIE Digital Library-,国际光学工程学会期刊及会议录,9,个领域,ASABE Journal,美国农业生物工程师学会,7,个领域,ASME Digital Library,美国机械工程师学会,8,个领域,与工程领域相关的主要数据库,EI,数据库：,190,个应用科学和工程类别最详尽的工程文献数据库,31,1884,年创办至今，,The Engineering Index Monthly,（月刊），,The Engineering Index Annual,（年刊），,The Engineering Cumulative Index,（累积索引）的印刷版,70,年代，电子版数据库,(Compendex),并通过,Dialog,等大型联机系统提供检索服务,80,年代，光盘版数据库（,CD-ROM,Compendex),90,年代，提供网络版数据库（,Ei Compendex Web,）,推出了工程信息村（,Engineering Information Village,）,2000,年,8,月，,EI,推出,Engineering Information Village-2,新版本，对文摘录入格式进行了改进，并且首次将文后参考文献列入,Compendex,数据库,Development,（发展）,32,Engineering Village 2,平台,共包括约,12,个数据库,33,5600,多种期刊、行业杂志、会议录,(22%),和技术报告的参考资料及摘要；,1100,万项记录（,1969,年至今）,每年新增,65,万项记录,每周更新，增加,1.25,万笔新文献信息,工程索引过刊：,1884-1968,年,(,超过,170,万项记录,),90%,的文献语种是英文,1992,年开始收录中国期刊,Compendex(EI),34,35,36,ISTP,What is ISTP?,a,、,Full name,（全称）,：,Index to Scientific&Technical Proceedings,b,、,Chinese,name,（中文名称）,:,科技会议录索引,C,、,创刊于,1978,年，,Institute for Scientific lnformation,，,ISI,（美国科学信息研究所）,d,、每年收录,12,000,多个会议的内容，年增加,22.5,万条记录。目前共有,350,多万条记录，数据每周更新,.,37,ISTP,What is ISTP?,e,、索引内容的,65%,来源于专门出版的会议录或丛书，其余来源于以连续出版物形式定期出版的系列会议录,f,、内容涉及：一般性会议、座谈会、研究会、专题讨论会等,g,、,涉及生命科学、物理与化学科学、农业、生物和环境科学、工程技术和应用科学等学科,h,、我国科技人员在国外举办的国际会议上发表的论文占被收录论文总数的,64.44%,38,Exordium,（绪论）,国内理工类主要期刊,CSCD,中文核心,普通期刊,39,CSCD,a,、,Full name,（全称）,：,Chinese Science Citation Database,b,、,Chinese,name,（中文名称）,:,中国科学引文数据库,C,、,创建于,1989,年，,1999,年起作为中国科学文献计量评价系列数据库之,A,辑，由中国科学院文献情报中心与中国学术期刊（光盘版）电子杂志社联合主办，并由清华同方光盘电子出版社正式出版。,40,CSCD,d,、,CSCD,为年刊，收录我国数学、物理、化学、天文学、地学、生物学、农林科学、医药卫生、工程技术、环境科学和管理科学等领域出版的中英文科技核心期刊和优秀期刊,e,、,2009,年,-2010,年共遴选了,1123,种期刊，其中英文刊,67,种，中文刊,1056,种；核心库期刊,748,种（以,C,为标记）扩展库期刊,375,种,(,以,E,为表记,),f,、,5.,环境科学研究,6.,农业环境科学学报,7.,环境化学,8.,自然灾害学报,9.,环境工程,10.,环境保护,11.,环境污染与防治,12.,工业水处理,13.,环境科学与技术,14.,自然资源学报,15.,农村生态环境,(,改名为,:,生态与农村环境学报,)16.,水处理技术,17.,化工环保,18.,中国人口、资源与环境,19.,中国环境监测,45,Introduction o,f Resources,46,Science,科学,杂志,由,Thomas Edison,创办于,1880,年，,1900,年起成为美国科学促进会（,AAAS,）的官方刊物。,American Association for the Advancement of Science,（,AAAS,）美国科学促进会创于,1848,，其宗旨是成为科学所有学科的代表机构。,AAAS,历史悠久，据称是全球最大的科学学会，目前致力于支持各种科学交，及科学与社会问题的讨论。,47,涵盖各种学科,LIFE SCIENCES,（,53%,）,PHYSICAL SCIENCES,（,35%,）,OTHER SUBJECTS,（,12%,）,具有科学新闻杂志和学术期刊双重特点,新闻,&,社论（,49,）,专家评审的研究论文（,51,）,Science,科学,杂志,48,高品质、高影响力,编辑团队由,25,位具有博士学位的编辑，及超过,120,名来自各学科领域的顶尖专家组成；,来稿要经过严格的同行评审，稿件接收率不到,8,；,影响因子在所有科技类出版物中排名第一。,49,Science Online,期刊数据库,50,Science Online,期刊数据库,51,本期内容栏目,本期精粹,Science Online,期刊数据库,52,可选择检索范围：,Science Magzine,Daily News,Science Signaling,SAGE KE,Science Careers,All HighWire Journals,Science Online,期刊数据库,53,链接进入高级检索页面,保存检索式并设置检索式跟踪提醒服务,改变检索结果的排列方式,查看文摘和全文,Science Online,期刊数据库,54,通过卷期、页码和,DOI,号迅速查找文章,检索字段为,anywhere,检索字段为,title or abstracts,检索字段为,title,选择所要检索的文章类型,作者检索,限定时间范围,检索结果排列方式,Science Online,期刊数据库,55,文摘页,添加到收藏夹,下载引文,文章引用提醒,添加到社会书签,Email,该文摘页,发表评论,查看,PubMed,中的文摘信息,56,文摘页,编辑建议延伸阅读的文章,其他数据库中的相似文章,在,Google Scholar,中搜索相同作者的文章,在,PubMed,中搜索相同作者的文章,在其他数据库中查看引用过该文的文章,57,Science Direct,期刊数据库,ScienceDirect OnSite Elsevier,电子期刊全文,58,关键词,作者,书或期刊名,卷宗,Science Direct,期刊数据库,59,在结果中检索,结果限制,来源类型,排序方式,Science Direct,期刊数据库,60,Science Direct,期刊数据库,61,Web of Science,数据库,62,第二步：选择检索年限,第三步：输入检索词,第一步：选择数据库,Web of Science,数据库,63,Web of Science,数据库,64,我校中文数据资源,65,我校中文数据资源,66,专业英语翻译理论,专业英语翻译理论,67,专业英语翻译理论,范文：,Aerobic Treatment,Aerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen.Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste.,Aerobic bacteria are like humans in that they require oxygen to survive and thrive.This is the primary difference between aerobic systems and septic systems,you see.Septic systems depend on much less efficient anaerobic bacteria.,68,专业英语翻译理论,During this oxidation process,pollutants are broken down into carbon dioxide(CO,2,),water(H,2,O),nitrates,sulphates and biomass(micro-organisms).By optimizing the oxygen supply with so-called aerators,the process can be significantly accelerated.Of all biological waste treatment method,aerobic digestion is the most widespead process used throughout the world(more than 95%).,Aerobic bacteria demand oxygen to decompose dissolved pollutants.Large amounts of pollutants require large quantities of bacteria;hence the demand for oxygen will be high.,The Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD)is a measure of the quantity of dissolved organic pollutants that can be removed in biological oxidation by the bacteria.It is expressed in mg/L.,69,专业英语翻译理论,The Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD)measures the quantity of dissolved organic pollutants that can be removed in chemical oxidation,by adding strong acids.It is expressed in mg/L.,The ratio BOD/COD gives an indication of the fraction of pollutants in the wastewater that is biodegradable.,Aerobic bacteria are very efficient in breaking down waste products.As a result,aerobic treatment usually yields better effluent quality than that obtained in anaerobic processes.,70,专业英语翻译理论,1.,专业英语翻译概论,1.1,专业英语的特点,1.1.1,专业英语的词汇特点,专业词汇出现的频率低。,词义专一。,广泛是使用缩写词。如：,COD chemical oxygen demand,化学需氧量,BOD biochemical oxygen demand,生化需氧量,TOC total organic carbon,总有机碳,DO dissolved oxygen,溶解氧,71,专业英语翻译理论,POPs persistent organic pollutants,持久性有机污染物,TSP total suspended particle,总悬浮颗粒,TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen,总凯氏氮,UASB up flow anaerobic sludge blanket,上流式厌氧污泥床,MBR membrane bioreactor,膜生物反应器,SBR sequencing batch reactor,间歇式活性污泥法,1.1.2,专业英语的句法特点,广泛使用陈述句。,Aerobic means requiring the presence of free oxygen.Aerobic treatment of waste is the natural degradation and purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environment break down and digest the the waste.,72,专业英语翻译理论,广泛使用被动语态。,During this oxidation process,pollutants,are,broken down,into carbon dioxide(CO,2,),water(H,2,O),nitrates,sulphates and biomass(micro-organisms).By optimizing the oxygen supply with so-called aerators,the process can,be significantly,accelerated,.,被动语态在专业英语中的使用比在其他场合更为广泛，主要因为被动句比主动句更能说明需要论证的对象，更能使其位置鲜明、突出。,73,专业英语翻译理论,简略表达多。,The ratio BOD/COD gives an indication of the fraction of pollutants in the wastewater that is biodeg