高考英语常考语法专项陷阱题全攻略.pdf

高考英语常考语法专项陷阱题全攻略基础题，人人会做，显不出优势；高难题，人人不会做，拉不开距离；陷阱题，表面看起来很容易，所需知识也不一定很难，但其中隐含机关，预设陷阱，尽管你完全具备做好此类题的知识和能力，但由于 你理解角度不对、分析思路不活、做题方法不当、使用技法不巧等，可能自认为捡了个大便宜，而实际上 却刚好掉入了命题人为你精心准备的陷阱。不信你就看看下面几道题：1.She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood he said meant.A that B.whatC.that that D.what what仔细想想看，选A还是选B?请给出你的决定未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的分析可能是这样 的：选项C和D不太可能是正确答案，因为像这样两个“弓I导词”叠用的情况一般不可能。在A和B两个 选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以只能选B 了。事实是：如果你选A,肯定错了；如果你选B,那也错了。此题最佳答案是D,其中第一个what用 作动词 meant的宾语，第二个what用作动词said的宾语，即在none of us understood what what he said meant中，none of us understood为主句，what what he said meant为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括 有what he said这样一个主语从句。假若去掉句末的meant,则答案就是B 了。分析有道理吗？有点启发吗？你可要客观地评价噢！请再看一题：2.Everyone knows that is dangerous to play with fire,but is difficult is to prevent childrenfrom playing with fire.A it,it B.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it这次可要想好！请拿定主意，选C还是选D?未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的分析可能是这样的：此题既不选C,也不选D,而是选A。因为两处的空格均填形式主语it。事实上，你又错了。此题的最佳答案是C：第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式to play with fire；而第二空应填what,what is difficult是主语从句，注意what is difficult后的谓语动词is。有点收获 吧，再请做做以下类似试题：(1)1 know is important to know my own limitations,but is difficult is to heg others toknow their own limitations.A it,it B.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it(2)Yes,is difficult to find a job nowadays,but is more difficult is try to find such a job with ahigh salary but little things to do.A it,itB.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it答案选什么，估计你不会选错了，你若还不放心，请往本书后面有关去找找，那里有明确的答案。对 此有兴趣吗？那就再看一题吧！3.Lefs make it at seven oclock on Tuesday morning at my office if.A youre convenient B.it is convenient for youC.you feel convenient D.it is convenient with you先仔细想好，看选项A和C哪个更佳，当然也可能A和C都不对，答案在B、D当中。不过，主意 你自己拿。我猜你的答案不是A就可能是C,因为你可能将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient 了。其实最佳答案是B,因为英语中的convenient不是表示“感到方便的L而是表示“使人感到方便的、所以be convenient的主语通常不能是“人。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常if it is convenient for to you,其中的介词可用for或to,但一般不用with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作be convenient 的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：Mary is convenient to see on Sunday./It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday.星期天去见玛丽较为方便。The furniture is convenient to move./It is convenient to move the furniture.这家具搬起来彳艮方便。怎么样，再看最后一题：4.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,U4Is there a hospital around I can get somemedicine for my wounded hand?A that B.whichC.where D.what此题该选哪个答案？你可能毫不犹豫地选了 B,是吗？你的想法很可能是：around是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital,在此用作介词around的宾语。对不起，还是错了。最佳答案应是C。你的分析并不算太错，但问题是，照你的分析，此句的意思便 是：有没有这样一家医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们 通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是：句中的around不是介词，而是 副词，意为“在附近 其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital,句意为：附近有没 有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？类似的例子我们就不再罗列了，您若对此有兴趣，您若觉得您在这方面还比较薄弱，您若觉得这些知 识对您还有必要，请继续往下读，后面的内容会更丰富、更精彩。冠词考点2典型陷阱题分析1.U4Do you know English for 巾哥？Tm afraid I dont.Im not interested in Englishlanguage.A the,the B.the,不填C.不填,the D.不填，不填【陷阱】容易误选D,因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如：（1）当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如：The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England.美国和力口拿大 讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。（2）当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如：What9s the English for this?这个东西用英语怎么说？（3）当在语言名词后加上language 一词时，也要用冠词。如：There have been many changes in the history of the English language.英语发展过程中有很多变革。2.1 couldnt remember the exact date of the storm,but I knew it was Sunday because everybody wasat church.A a,the B.a,不填C.不填,a D.不填，不填【陷阱】容易误选D,因为星期名词前不加冠词；而at church表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠 I司。【分析】最佳答案为B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用 冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词；表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等，其 前可用不定冠词。如：He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday.他星期 日来，星期一就走了。My birthday happened to be on a Saturday.我的生日碰巧是星期六。3.Which person do you refer to,the one with long hair or the one with long beard?A a,a B.不填，不填C.a,不填 D.不填，a【陷阱】误选A或B,认为hair（头发）和beard（胡须）性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可数，要么都不 可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。【分析】最佳答案选D。hair和beard在用法上并不完全相同：hair可用作可数或不可数名词，用作 可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说Theres a hair in my soup（我的汤里有根头发）；用作不可数 名词（集合名词）时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较：He has gray hairs.他有几根白发了。3He has gray hair.他满头白发了。而beard则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，血不是指多根胡须，如：He no longer wears a beard.他不再留胡须。Not all men grow beards.并不是所有的男人都留胡须。4.1 once watched one-act play,which was played by 11-year-old boy.A a,a B.an,anC.a,an D.an,a【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填a,因为one-act的读音是w Q n Ak t,它的第一个音是辅音 不是元音；第二空填an,是因为11的英文是eleveni 5 1 e v n,它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类 似以下各题的答案是C不是其他：(1)Before he was arrested,he had taken one-month holiday,and stayed in the country with18-year-old girl,one of his students.A a,a B.an,anC.a,an D.an,a(2)We hired one-eyed man to play in our film,and we gave him 100-pound check for justone minute.A a,an B.an,aC.a,a D.an,an5“Have you seen pen?I left it here this morning.Is it black one?I think I saw itsomewhere.A a,the B.the,theC.a,a D.the,a【陷阱】误选A,生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人 或该事物时用定冠词。【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a,比较好理解；而第二空填a是因为此句中的。ne并非指前面提 到的pen,即这里的one与前面的pen并非同一事物，这从后面一句的I think I saw it somewhere可以 清楚地知道。请比较下面一题：“Have you seen pen?I left it here this morning.Is it black one?I found it in the corner.A a,the B.the,theC.a,a D.the,a此题的最佳答案是A不是C。请注意其后Ifoundit in the corner这一信息，它表明说明者是拿着笔在 与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子：“Have you seen new bike?I put it here just now.”Is it white one?A boy has ridden it away.4A a;a B.a;theC.the;the D.the;a此题答案选A,注意其后的A boy has ridden it away表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。6.My friend Mary is beautiful girl and girl everyone likes to work with.A a,a B.a,theC.the,a D.the,the【陷阱】很容易误选B,认为第一次提到girl用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到girl时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with.请再做以下试题(答案选 A)：(1)Jim is brave boy and boy never fearing anything.A a,a B.a,theC.the,a D.the,the(2)It is really useful dictionary and dictionary every one of us needs.A a,a B.a,theC.the,a D.the,the精编陷阱题训练1.Since tasting the excitement of big city life,she never wants to live in countiy again.A the,the B.不填，不填C.the,不填 D.不填，the2.The operation is success and the patient is now out of danger.A a,the B.a,不填C.不填,the D.不填，不填3 As writer,he was complete failure.A a,a B.a,theC.不填，不填 D.a,不填4.How strange!These years my birthday always falls.A on the Sunday B.on a SundayC.on Sunday D.at a Sunday5.This is best kind of pen you can get here.A the,the B.the,aC.the,不填 D.a,the6.As is known to us all,tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.A the,a B.the,不填C.a,不填 D.不填,the7.He spent too much time talking on phone while we were all busy at work.5A the,不填 B.a,不填C.不填，不填 D.the,the8.As unemployment is very high at the moment,ifs very difficult for people to find work.A the,不填 B.不填，不填C.the,a D.an,the9.绿artments in cities can be quite high.Renters are paying up to$1,000 per month for bedroomapartment.A one a B.the one C.one D.a one10.The education of young is always hot and serious topic.A不填，不填 B.the,aC.不填,the D.the,不填11.1 often have conversations with John over telephone,while keep in touch with Tom byletter.A不填；the B.不填；aC.the；不填 D.the;a12.一John has put forward most challenging question for us to answer.Yes,it really is.I have never heard harder one.A the;不填 B.不填；theC.the;the D.a;a1 3.44What about school?It is as good,as anybody can see,school as No 1 Middle SchoolAttached to Hunan Normal University.A a;theB.the;aC.a;aD.the;the14.The market for_used computers is getting larger and larger as_ _years go on.A不填，不填B.the,不填C.the,theD.不填,the15.Charley Oakley,_ NBA All-star,hasnt missed_game in the past three years.”I canhardly believe it.”A an;theB.a;theC.the;aD.an;a16.In the market,vegetables are sold by_kilogram,I mean,by_weight.A the;不填B.不填；不填C.the;theD.不填;the17.Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_ international trade today.A the,anB.a,不填C.the,theD.不填,the618.The cakes are delicious.rd like to have third one as second one I ate was too small.A the,the B.a,theC.the,a D.a,a19.England of those years was England in peace.A不填，不填 B.The,anC.The,不填 D.不填,an20.一 Did you happen to see black and white cat?一 Are they missing?I told you to take care of them.A a;不填 B.the;不填C.the;the D.a;the【答案与解析】1,选D,big city life表泛指，其前不用冠词；country表示“农村”时，其前习惯上要用定冠词。2.选B,success在此指“成功的事”，为可数名词；out of danger（脱离危险）为习语，其中不用冠词。3,选A,其中的failure在此指“失败的人，为可数名词。4.选B,Sunday前用不定冠词，表示“某一个”。5.选C,kind of后的名词通常不用冠词。6.选B,当概括事物的种类时，用定冠词，不用不定冠词；另外in danger of是短语，不用冠词。7.选Ao on the phone和at work均为习语，其中一个带冠词，一个不带冠词。8.选B。unemployment和work均为不可数名词，表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。9.选Do a one bedroom apartment意为“一套只带一间卧室的套房”。10.选B。the young意为“年轻人L定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二空填不定冠词 修饰名词topic。11.选Ao over on the telephone为习语，意为通过电话；若用by telephone则不用冠词，类似地，by letter（通过信件）也不用冠词。12.选D。第一空后的most不是构成最高级，而是表示“很，十分L故其前用a；第二空也填a,该 句为 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。13.选 B。第空填 the,表特指；第二空填 a,表泛指，as good a school as No.Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University意为“与湖南师大附中一样好的一所中学“。14.选A。used computers与years均为复数名词表示泛指意思，其前不用冠词。15.选D。NBA中的N读音为e n,即前面一个音为元音，故填an不填a；第二空填a表泛指，泛指任何一场比赛。16.选A。介词by表示以.计”时，若后接单数可数名词，其前要用定冠词，如：bytheweek按周，按星期/by the ton按吨/by the yard按码/by the meter按米；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词，如：by volume按体积/by weight按重量。17.选B。knowledge虽为不可数名词，但其前却可用不定冠词，表示某种程度的知识，有类似some 的意思；第二空不填冠词，是因为trade为不可数名词，表示泛指时不用冠词。718.选B。序数词前通常用定冠词，表示特指（如第一空）；有时也用不定冠词，表示原有数量上的 增加（如第一空）。19.选B。原则上说，专有名词前不用冠词，但在些特殊情况下也可用冠词。此题第一空填定冠词，表特指，即指“那时的英国”；第二空填不定冠词，表示具有某种特征。20.选C。Are they missing?中的代词they是一个很重要的信息词，它表明上文中的 black and white cat 是两只猫而不是一只猫，所以 C。the black and white cat 可视为 the black cat and the white cat之省略。若选A,则表示“一只黑白相间的猫”。名词考点典型陷阱题分析1.1 found her sitting in the comer,reading newspaper,with in her eyes.A a,tear B.a piece of,tearsC.a,tears D.apiece of,tear【陷阱】误选D,许多学生错误地认为，既然news（消息）和paper（纸）均为不可数名词，那么newspaper（报 纸）也应是不可数的；同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水、“水”不可数，“泪水”和州艮泪”也应该不可数。【分析】最佳答案为C。newspaper和tear均为可数名词，它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数 而且还可以连用数词。Her eyes filled with tears.她热泪盈眶。She dried her tears with a handkerchief.她用手帕擦干了眼泪。The newspapers were full of lies.报纸上一片谎言。A newspaper is a publication.报纸是一种出版物。顺便说一句，若不是将newspaper当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如：Wrap it in（a sheet of）newspaper.把它用张报纸包起来。2.Her father works as a in a hotel and her mother a in a private con）any.A cooker,typewriter B.cook,typistC.cooker,typist D.cook,typewriter【陷阱】误选A,许多同学想当然地认为：cook用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以cooker应是其相应的 名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师type用作动词，表示“打字”，所以typewriter应表示“打字员”。【分析】而事实是：cookHB师，cooker=炊具；typist4T字员，typewriter：打字机。即此题正确答案为Bo3.“Why couldnt they meet us at five oclock?”Because they were delayed by8A heavy traffic B.heavy trafficsC.crowded traffic D.crowded traffics【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。【分析】对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习 惯说“交通拥挤”，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded来修饰traffic,要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”，英语通常说 heavy traffic,即选A。如下面一题也是选A：She is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in.A heavy traffic B.heavy trafficsC.crowded traffic D.crowded traffics4.In fact,one cause that leads to the problem.A cattle is B.cattle areC.cattles are D.the cattles are【陷阱】此题容易误选A,想当然地认为cattle是单数，并且空格有表单数的one,自然谓语动词用is。【陷阱】其实，正确答案为B。cattle（牲畜，牛）为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s,却永远表示复 数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：For this many cattle were killed.为此宰 了不少牲畜。The prisoners were herded like cattle.囚犯像牲 口 一样被赶到一起。类似地，police（警察），people（人），police（警察），poultry（家禽）等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与a（n）连用，但可与the连用（表示总括意义和特 指）。如：The poultry have been fed.家禽已经喂过饲料了。In Britain police do not usually carry guns.在英国警察通常不带枪。It annoys me when people forget to say thankyou”.遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。5.By all,you must try every to help him.A.mean,mean B.means,meansC.means,mean D.mean,means【陷阱】误选C,认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means,而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。【分析】其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方 法”时，不存在mean这一形式（mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸 此题正确答案为C,by all means为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：All possible means have been tried.所有可能的办法都已经试过了。Every possible means has been tried.每种可能的办法都已经试过了。若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：Is Are there any other means of getting more money?还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗？6.Jimis person,and everyone is willing to be with him.9A so kind a,friends B.so a kind,friendsC.so kind a,friend D.so a kind,friend【陷阱】误选C或D。认为friend要用单数。【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person,注意两者中冠词的位置 不同。be friends with是习语，意为“与 友好”、“跟 做朋友“，与之同义的类似地还有make friends witho 值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：He is friends with me.他与我是朋友。He has made friends with everyone here.他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。7.We already have pencils,but we need two pens.A dozen of,dozen B.dozens of,dozensC.dozens of,dozen D.dozens of,dozen of【陷阱】误选Bo【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：(1)当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-S,也不后接介词。九尽管有的词书也有two dozen of这 样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of 为错误选项：Shortly after the accident,police were sent to the spot to keep order.A dozens of B.dozensC.dozen of D.dozen D(2)当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词of 此时可将dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：Ive been there dozens of times.我去过那儿几十次。Shes got dozens of boy-friends.她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况：Pack them in dozens.按打装袋吧。(3)当与a few,several等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词 尾-S时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词of不能省略。如：several dozen(of)pencils=several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔注：英语较少使用many dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of。(4)当它后面的名词受the,these,those等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us,them这样的人称代 词时，则此时必须用介词of。如：two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的 3 打注：score,hundred,thousand,million等也具有以上类似用法。8.She raised her finger to her lips as for silence.A an idea B.a markC.a sign D.a word10【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】应选C,sign与mark的区别是：sign的意思是迹象，、征兆gesture or movement made with the hand,head,etc,used to give information,a command,etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure,line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的 符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：(1)Those black clouds are a sure that ifs going to rain.A thing B.markC.sign D.one(2)Just as a famous Chinese saying goes,a timely heavy snow is a of good harvest next year.A mark B.trackC.sign D.appearance但是，下面一题却不能选sign,也不能选mark,而选symbol(象征)：The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n)of courage and power.A example B.signC.mark D.symbol顺便说一句，在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。9.May I take your order now?Wed like three black and two greenA coffee,cups of teas B.coflfees,teasC.cups of coflfee,tea D.cup of coffees,teas【陷阱】误选C,认为coflfee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s,从而排除选项A、B、D。【分析】选B。有的同学认为coffee和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用three coflfees,two teas这样 的表达。其实，coflfee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡三 即在口语中three coffees就等于three cups of coflfee。同样，三杯茶既可说成three cups of tea,也可说 成 three teas；三杯啤酒既可说成 three glasses of beer,也可说成 three beers o10.is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A Walk B.WalkingC.The walk D.To walk【陷阱】容易误选A或D。【分析】最佳答案为B。分析如下：(1)首先，选项D不如选项B佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。(2)尽管walk用作名词时可以表示“散步L但它是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表 示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”，要表示此义，要用动名词walkingo比较：How about going for a walk?出去散散步如何？Walking does good to your health.散步对你的健康有益。类似地，dance和dancing以及swim和swimming的区别也是一样：11(1)名词的dance表示“跳舞”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示抽象意义或泛 指意义的“跳舞、要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词dancingo比较：Lefs have a dance.我们跳曲舞吧。He is interested in dancing.他对跳舞感兴趣。(2)名词的swim表示“游泳L是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表示抽象意义或泛 指意义的“游泳，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词swimmingo比较：She had a swim every day.她每天游一会儿泳。She loves swimming.她喜欢游泳。精编