英语四级700核心词详解.doc

大学英语四级700核心词精讲
1. alter (change) 指虽然小但是很重要的改变
alter one’s mind 改变主意
alter clothes that are too large 把过大的衣服改小
2. shift 改变位置，转换到其他地方
shift the chair closer to the bed 把椅子向床移近
shift the subject of conversation 改换话题
3. vary 随着……变化；有不同，呈差异 (+with, from…to…)
Her mood varies with the weather. 她的情绪随着天气的变化而变化。
Computer screens vary in size. 电脑屏幕尺寸有大小。
varying adj. 不同的，变化的：varying views 不同的观点
4. burst
The tyre burst. 轮胎爆了。
The door burst open. 门猛地开了。/ burst into tears/ laughter突然大哭起来
5. dispose
dispose of waste/ a problem 处理垃圾/ 问题
disposal n.
6. blast （explode）
a blast of wind 一阵大风
blast a tunnel through a mountain 从山中炸出一条隧道
7. consume (consumer n. / consumption n.)
consume much of one’s time in reading 花许多时间读书
consume a great deal of fuel 消耗大量燃料
8. split
split the firewood with an axe 用斧头劈柴
Let’s split the bill. 我们各付各的吧（AA制）。
9. spit
spit blood 吐血
No spitting. 不准随地吐痰
10. spill
Be careful not to spill water from the bucket. 当心，别让水桶里的水泼出来。
11. slip 滑了一下（失控）
He slipped on the wet floor and fell. 他在湿漉漉的地上滑了一下跌到了。
12. slide 滑行（平滑）
slide on the ice 在冰上滑行
13. bacteria cf. virus
14. breed 繁殖
Rabbits breed rapidly. 兔子繁殖快。
a good breed of cattle 良种牛
15. Budget预算
family/ defense budget 家庭/国防预算
16. Candidate候选人
There are three candidates for the job.
17. campus （on+）大学
18. liberal 自由主义的；慷慨的
a liberal donation 慷慨的捐赠
a man of liberal views 思想观点开明的人
liberal arts
19. transform 改变面貌
transform a desert into grassland 把沙漠改造成草原
transform a criminal 改造罪犯
20. transmit 传输，传播，传染
transmit a message/ disease/ heat 传消息/ 传染疾病/ 传热
21. transplant 移植
Transplant a tree/ heart
22. transport 运输，交通 (transportation)
transport passengers
23. vanish (disappear) 消失；突然不见；
vanish without trace 消失得无影无踪
24. Swallow忍受；吞没；吞下
swallow one’s words 食言
25. suspicion 怀疑
26. Suspicious可疑的(suspect嫌疑犯)
a suspicious situation 可疑情况
feel / be suspicious of/ about 对……起疑心
c.f. I suspect/ doubt that he stole the car.
27. Mild 温和的；轻微的；淡味的
a mild voice 温和的嗓音/ mild winter 暖和的冬天
28. Tender温柔的；柔软的
a tender smile温柔的微笑/ tender young grass 娇嫩的小草
29. Nuisance讨厌的人；损害；讨厌的东西
Flies are a nuisance. 苍蝇扰人。
30. Insignificant无关紧要的(significant= important, insignificant=unimportant)
insignificant people 小人物
31. accelerate 加速；使。。。加快
accelerate one’s step / economic growth加快步伐/ 加速经济发展
32. Absolute绝对的；完全的 （absolutely）
tell the absolute truth 说出全部事实
Officials have absolute authority over people. 绝对的权威
33. Boundary边界；范围；分界线
the boundary between the two countries 两国的分界线
34. brake
brake a speeding car 用刹车使飞驰着的汽车放慢速度
35. catalog (catalogue): list, inventory
36. vague
a vague answer 含糊其辞的回答
37. vain
All our work was in vain. 我们白干了一场。
try in vain to do sth 枉费心机地……
38. extinct (extinction)
an extinct species 已灭绝的物种
39. extraordinary （unusual, remarkable, amazing）
an extraordinary memory 非凡的记忆力
40. extreme (extremely)
extreme pain / danger/ poverty极度的痛苦/ 极度危险/ 赤贫
go to extremes （说话或行动）走极端
41. agent
an insurance agent 保险代理商
Rain and sun are the natural agents that help plants grow.
雨水和阳光是帮助植物生长的自然力。
42. alcohol
c.f. wine, beer
43. appeal
He was appealing for funds to build a new school. 他呼吁筹集资金兴建学校。
The villagers appealed to the government for assistance. 村民请求政府帮助。
44. appreciate (appreciation)
I appreciate for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
Doctors are highly appreciated in that country. 在那个国家医生收到高度重视。
I appreciate your ability. 我赏识你的才能。
45. approve (approval)
I couldn’t approve (of) his behavior. 我不能赞同他的行为。
The manager approved my proposal. 经理批准了我的提议。
46. stimulate (stimulate)
stimulate economic growth 刺激经济发展
Praise stimulated the child to study hard. 表扬促进孩子用功读书。
47. acquire (acquisition)
acquire information 获得信息
acquire a foreign language 学到一门外语
48. accomplish (accomplishment成绩，成就) c.f. complete
accomplish one’s task/ purpose 完成任务/ 达到目的
He never seem to accomplish anything. 他似乎永远一事无成。
49. network
radio/ marketing networks 广播网络/ 销售网络
50. tide
Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。
51. tidy
a tidy room 整洁的房间
52. trace
The ship is still missing without trace. 那艘船仍是无影无踪。
trace a criminal to Chicago 追踪罪犯到芝加哥
53. torture
Many of the prisoners died under torture. 许多犯人死于严刑拷打。
He was tortured by the math problem. 他因这个数学问题困惑不解。
54. wander
He wandered through the streets of the city alone.
55. wax
56. weave (wove, woven)
weave cloth 织布
57. preserve 保存起来，不让其坏掉
preserve fish with salt 用盐腌鱼
preserve an old house as a museum保存一幢老房子用作陈列馆
58. reserve (reservation) 留起来以后再用
reserve a table/ ticket 预订一张桌子/ 预留一张票
All rights reserved. 版权所有。
59. conserve 保护自然资源，节约使用
reserve natural resources 保护自然资源
60. observe
observe animal behavior 观察动物的行为
All these rules must be strictly observed. 这些规定都必须严格遵守。
61. abuse
abuse one’s authority / drugs滥用职权/ 滥用药物
They abused each other. 他们互相辱骂。
62. academic
academic research 学术研究，the academic world 学术界
63. academy
military academy 军校
64. battery
65. barrier
Shyness is a barrier to communication. 害羞是交流的障碍。
66. cargo
unload cargo 卸货/ cargo ship 货船
67. career
c.f. work, job, profession
68. vessel
69. vertical (horizontal)
70. oblige
The police obliged him to leave. 警察迫使他离开。
We are obliged to you for dinner. 我们感谢你请我们吃饭。
71. obscure (vague)
an obscure idea 模糊的想法
an obscure text 难解的文本
72. extent
I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge. 他知识之渊博使我惊讶。
to some/ a certain extent 在某种程度上
73. exterior （interior）
an exterior wall 外墙
74. external (internal)
external influence 外部影响
75. petrol =gasoline
76. petroleum
77. delay （put off）
We delayed the meeting a week. 我们把会议推迟了一周。
We were delayed in a traffic jam. 我们因交通拥挤迟到了。
78. decay
His teeth have begun to decay. 他的牙齿开始朽蚀。
79. decent
a decent young man / income /job 体面的年轻人/ 一份不错的工资/ 工作
She didn’t have a decent dress for the ball. 她没有参加舞会的合适衣服。
80. route
The car took the shortest route. 汽车抄一条捷径。
81. ruin (destroy)
We visited the ruins of ancient Greece. 我们参观了古希腊的遗迹。
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
82. sake
for safety’s sake 为了安全起见
83. satellite
84. scale
They plan to produce eco-cars on a large scale. 他们计划大规模生产环保汽车。
the scale of a ruler 尺的刻度
85. temple
86. tedious
a tedious lecture 单调乏味的讲座
87. tend
Plants tend to die in hot weather. 植物容易在热天枯死。
88. tendency
He always had a tendency to be fat. 他总是容易发胖。
89. ultimate
This action was necessary for the ultimate success of the revolution.
此举是取得革命最后胜利所必须的。
90. undergo
undergo much suffering 遭受许多苦难 (suffer)
His opinion underwent a change. 他的看法起了变化。
91. abundant (abundance)
an abundant land 富饶的土地
The lake is abundant in fish. 湖里盛产鱼。
92. adopt
adopt an idea/ policy 采纳一个意见/ 政策
A little girl was adopted into the family. 一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。
93. adapt
He can’t adapt himself to the new condition. 他无法适应新环境。
adapt a novel for the screen 把小说改编为电影
94. bachelor
bachelor’s degree 学士学位
Bachelor of Arts 文学学士
95. casual
a casual meeting 邂逅，偶遇
a casual talk 随意的非正式的谈话 (informal)
96. trap
He used some cheese to trap the rat. 他用了些乳酪诱捕耗子。
97. vacant (empty)
a vacant seat in a bus 公共汽车上的空座
a vacant position 一个空缺的职位
98. vacuum
99. oral
oral English = spoken English
100. optics
101. organ
102. excess (exceed, excessive）
She has an excess of energy. 她有着过多的精力。
103. expel
The invaders were expelled from the country. 入侵者被赶出国境。
104. expend (+on, in) = spend
He expended much time on his work. 把很多时间花在工作上。
He expended half of his earnings in rent. 他把一半的收入花在了房租上。
105. expenditure （正式）
The new equipment is not worth the expenditure. 新设备不值这笔开支。
106. expense = cost
cut the expenses 紧缩开支/ holiday expenses 假日花费
107. expensive (dear, cheap)
108. expand
expand trade with another country 扩大与另外一个国家的贸易
Travel expands our mind. 旅行能使人的思想开阔。
109. expansion
Future expansion of the business requires two new factories.
业务进一步扩大需要建造两个新工厂。
110. private (指私人，跟公共public相对应)
a private letter 私人信件
the private life of a famous person 名人的私生活
111. individual （强调个人，区别于集体）
Each individual leaf on the tree is different. 树上的每一片叶子都各不相同。
112. personal a. （强调亲自或涉及本人）
Please take care of your personal belongings. 请保管好你的个人物品。
114. personnel
All personnel were asked to participate. 全体员工都被要求参加。
115. the Pacific Ocean
116. the Atlantic Ocean
117. the Arctic Ocean
118. the Antarctic Ocean
119. grant
The college granted him a scholarship. 学院授予他奖学金。
The government had granted them permission to leave the country.
政府已经同意他们离开该国。
119. grand
a grand palace 宏伟的宫殿
120. invade
The Nazis invaded France in 1940. 纳粹于1940年入侵法国。
121. acid
acid rain 酸雨
an acid comment 尖刻的评论
122. acknowledge （admit）
He acknowledged the child as his. 他承认小孩是他的。
We acknowledged his service to the city. 我们感谢他对城市的贡献。
123. balcony
124. calculate (calculation n. / calculator n.)
calculate the distance between the two cities 计算两个城市之间的距离
125. calendar
126. optimistic (pessimistic) (optimism)
He remained optimistic about the meeting. 他对会议仍然抱乐观态度。
127. optional (optional)
an optional course 选修课
Games are optional at this school. 学校的体育活动可以自由参加。
128. outstanding
an outstanding scientist 一个杰出的科学家
129. export
export cotton to European countries 向欧洲国家出口棉花
130. import
imported vegetables 进口蔬菜
131. impose
Don’t impose your opinion on others. 不要把你自己的想法强加于别人。
The government imposes additional tax on luxury products.
政府对奢侈品征收额外的税收。
132. religion
133. religious
religious beliefs/ freedom/ people 宗教信仰/ 宗教信仰/ 信教的人
134. victim
victims of war 战争受害者
135. video
video games 电视游戏
The tapes are both video and audio. 这种磁带既录像也录音。
136. videotape
137. offend (offense 罪行)
His rudeness offended everyone in the restaurant.
他的粗鲁冒犯了餐厅里的所有人。
offend a law/ moral principles 触犯法律/ 违反道德准则
138. bother
Don’t bother me now. I am busy.
My cold still bothers me. 我的感冒仍然困扰着我。
139. interfere （+in, with）
He never interferes in other people’s affairs. 干涉
The noise interferes with our work. 妨碍
140. internal （external）
We should not interfere in the internal affair of another country.
我们不该干涉其他国家的内部事务。
141. beforehand
No one expected this beforehand. 没人事先预料到这事。
142. racial （race）
We should not have racial discrimination. 我们不应该有种族歧视。
143. radiation
144. radical
The government is carrying out some radical social reforms.
政府正在进行一些激进的社会改革。
Two radical advances in computer design have taken place.
计算机设计方面已经出现两项根本性的进展。
145. range
This is outside the range of our study. 这不属于我们研究的范围。
The prices of computer range from $500 to $1000.
电脑的价格从500美元至1000美元不等。
146. wonder
It’s a wonder that he didn’t miss the train. 真是奇迹，他竟然赶上了火车。
I wonder at his rudeness. 我对他的粗鲁感到惊讶。
147. isolate（isolation）
Computers and networks isolate us from one another.
计算机和网络将我们孤立开来。
148. issue n. 问题，争论点；发行，(报刊)一期
political issues 政治问题，settle an issue 解决争端
issue a new book/ a stamp出版新书/邮票 v.
issue an announcement 发表一项声明v.
149. hollow
a hollow tree 中空的树
150. hook
a coat hook挂衣钩， hook a coat挂衣服
151. adequate （enough）
His wages are adequate to support his family. 他的工资足以维持一家生活。
She could not think of an adequate answer. 她想不出适当的答案。
152. adhere
We adhered to our original plan. 我们坚持原先的计划。
153. ban （forbid）官方禁止
The movie was banned.
154. capture
capture a city/ a prisoner 攻占一座城市 / 俘虏囚犯
The iphone has captured the international market. 占领国际市场
155. valid
a valid contract 有效的合同
We could find no valid evidence. 我们找不到确凿的证据。
156. valley
157. consistent
She is a consistent supporter of women’s rights. 她是坚持不懈的女权主义者。
His behavior is not consistent with his words. 他言行不一。
158. continuous （continue）连续不断的，持续的
continuous pain/ headache 持续的痛/头痛
159. continual 多次重复的，频繁的
continual knocks on the door 反复的敲门声
160. explode （explosion）
The bomb exploded. 炸弹爆炸了。
an exploding population 猛增的人口。
161. exploit
exploit the poor 剥削穷人
We must exploit every opportunity to learn new things.
我们必须利用一切机会学习新事物。
162. explore
to explore the island 在该岛屿探险
explore the root causes of the social problems 调查社会问题的根源
163. explosion
nuclear explosion 核爆炸
an explosion of birth from 1951 to 1958 从1951至1958年间出生率的激增
164. explosive
an explosive sound 爆炸声
explosive news 爆炸性的新闻
165. remote （distant）
Unless we live in a remote area, we all have neighbors.
除非住在偏远的地区，否则我们都会有邻居。
166. removal (remove)
the removal of obstacles 障碍物的排除
167. render
His remark rendered me speechless. 他的话使我哑口无言。
render advice / a report 提建议/ 提交报告
168. precaution
They take precautions against fire in the bars. 酒吧里采取了预防火灾的措施。
169. idle
idle time空闲时间, an idle machine 闲置的机器
Don’t idle away your youth. 不要虚度青春。
170. identify
He identifies the coat as his brothers’. 他认出这件外衣是他兄弟的。
171. identity
Passports are used to prove the identity of travelers.
护照可用来证明旅行者的身份。
172. poverty (poor)
They were driven by poverty and hunger to steal.
他们行窃是为贫穷与饥饿所迫。
173. resistant （resist）
This material is resistant to fire. 这种材料是耐火的。
resist one’s temptation 抵抗诱惑
174. resolve
I’m sure they will soon resolve all the difficulties.
我可以肯定地说他们很快会解决所有的困难。
I resolved to visit my grandmother at least once a year.
我决定每年至少要去看望祖母一次。
175. barrel
This barrel can store 40 gallons of red wine. 该桶可装40加仑红葡萄酒。
176. bargain
That book is a real bargain. 这本书真是便宜。
The farmer refused to bargain with me about the price.
农民不愿意跟我讨价还价。
177. coarse
coarse cloth 粗布, coarse food 粗食，coarse language 粗话
178. coach
179. code n.
code of conduct 行为准则；规范
break a code 破译密码
180. coil
The snake coiled, ready to strike. 蛇盘起来准备进攻。
The river coiled through the valley. 河水蜿蜒穿过峡谷。
181. adult
They have an adult son. 他们有一个儿子已经成年。
182. advertise
Now, we have no need to advertise our product.
现在，我们没有必要为我们的产品打广告了。
183. advertisement （可数）=advertising (不可数)
184. agency 代理，中介，经销处，代理处
（agent代理人，代理商，特工）
Xinhua news agency 新华社；travel agency 旅行社
advertising agency 广告公司；广告商
185. focus
He finds it hard to focus his thoughts on one thing for longer than five minutes.
他发现他很难把他的注意力集中在一件事情上超过五分钟。
She was the focus of everyone’s attention. 她是大家关注的焦点。
186. forbid （ban）(forbade, forbidden)
Civilians are strictly forbidden from entering that area. 严禁平民进入该地区。
187. debate
debate a question with sb. 同某人辩论问题
188. debt
He is in heavy debt. 他负债累累。
own a debt 欠债；pay one’s debts还债
189. decade （century）
Natural gas was cheap a decade ago. 天然气在十年前很便宜。
190. enclose
She enclosed a check for $ 50 with the letter. 她随函附上50美元的支票一张。
a valley enclosed by tall mountains 被崇山峻岭环绕的山谷
191. encounter
She encountered an old friend on the road. 她在路上偶然碰到一位老朋友。
192.