人教版高一英语必修一Unit2.doc

短语归纳
1. more than one kind of English 2. in some important ways 3. e different from one another
4. be different from modern / present day English 5. world English 6. play an important role / part
7. play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role 8. because of its special role 9. an international language
10. at the end of the 16 th century 11. at the beginning of the 17 th century 12. in the early 20 th century
13. than ever before 14. even if / even though 15. be based on German 16. make use of a wider vocabulary
17. its own identity 18.a very large number of English speakers 19. the number of people learning English
20. increase rapidly 21. standard English 22. believe it or not 23. speak excellent English
24. move from one place to another 25. make full use of different dialects 26. present situation
27. an international organization 28. vocabulary and usage 29. recognize his accent 30. midwestern dialect(s)
31. give commands 32. make a polite request
要点提炼
I词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour
voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行 journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行
travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念 trip: (短途)旅行 tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行
1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow.
2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months.
3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend.
4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle.
答案: 1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). tour
1. recognize/realize/know
(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。
(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。
(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解
(1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health.
(2)I've ________________ Tom for years. (3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room
2. frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular
frequent经常的，时间或间歇很短的发生或出现 common 通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的
ordinary指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的，有时含贬义 general一般性的，到处的；不限于领域、地区或应用regular平常的；惯例的；习惯性的、通常的或正常的
1). This is a ___________ problem. 2). He often makes ___________ errors of judgment.
3)．Look at the train’s ___________ schedule.
4)．The violinist gave a very ___________ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.
5)．As a ____________ rule I am home by six.
答案: 1). common 2). frequent 3). regular 4). ordinary 5). general
2. such as/for example/that is/and so on
(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。
(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。
(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。
(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。
(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E.
(2)Overcooking, ____________， destroys many nutrients.
(3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.
(4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.
3. especially/ specially
especially意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要 specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事
1). Our city is very beautiful, ___________ in spring. 2). He came here ___________ to ask you for help.
答案: 1). especially 2). specially
4 a number of / the number of a number of意思是“若干；许多” the number of意思是“……的数目”
1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.
2). ____________ books in the market are in English.
II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
2. base n. 基地；基础
base v. 以……为根据
basic adj. 基本的
1) What did he _________ say? (actual) 2) The __________ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)
3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _________. (base)
4）She used her family's history as a _________ for her novel. (base)
5）This novel is ________ on historical facts. (base) 6）He is interested in ________ customs. (east)
7) The wind is blowing from the __________. (east)
答案: 1) actually 2) actual 3) basic 4) base 5) based 6) eastern 7) east
重点词汇
1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送
1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents. 2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present.
3). In the present case, I advise you to wait.
[重点用法]at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在 be present at 出席；到场(反义： be absent from)
present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
⑴ All the people ____________________ (出席晚会的)were her supporters.
[练习] 中译英: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 2). This book was a present from my brother.
2. command n.& v. 命令；掌握1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气
[重点用法] command sb. to do sth be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制
be in command of 控制… be at one’s command 听任某人支配 have / take command of… 指挥…
1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life. 2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command.
3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation. 答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of
3. request n.& v. 请求；要求 [典例] 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。. 2). I requested him to help.
[重点用法]request sb.to do sth. request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事
⑴ He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation.
⑵ He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation.
⑶ The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports.
[练习] 中译英。1). 我是（特别）应你要求而来。 2). 请不要吸烟。
答案: 1). I came at your (special) request. 2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.
扩展===联想：像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有：
一个“坚持(insist)”；
两个“命令(order，command)”；
三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”；
四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；
4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
1). I recognized her by her red hat. 2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir.
[重点用法]recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物 recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是
recognize…to be承认…是 recognize +宾语从句 意识到；承认
[练习] 中译英 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother.
5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直
[典例] 1). This is a straight road. 2). She went straight from school to university. Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead.
6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块
[典例] 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重点用法] a block of 一大块 block out 堵住 block off 封锁；封闭 block up 堵塞；阻碍
1). They are taking a walk round the block. 2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.
7、actually adv. 实际上；事实上 相近词汇：in fact\as a matter of fact
8．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
9.．native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的 n. 本地人；出生于某国的人
be native to...　原产于某地 one’s native country/land　native place　出生地 one’s native language　
a native of　当地人/产于……的动/植物
(1)China is our ____________， and Chinese is our ____________. (2)The tiger __________________ India.
这种虎产于印度。(3)He is __________________ Beijing.他是北京人。
答案.native country; native language；is native to；a native of
重点词组
e up走近；上来；提出
1). The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.
2). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 3). I am afraid something urgent has come up.
[短语归纳] come across邂逅 come about发生 come at向…扑来,攻击 come from 来自
come out 出版;开花；结果是 come up with想出 come round 绕道而来 come down落下,塌下
[练习] 用come构成的词组填空。
1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him. 2). The magazine __________ once a month.
3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday. 4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy.
5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning.
答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come over 4). come up with 5). came across
2. make use of 利用；使用
1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practice English.
[短语归纳]make good use of make full use of make the best/most use of
Make full use of every chance you have to speak English. 2). We will make good use of her talents.
3. such as例如；像这种的
1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
[练习] 1). I like drinks __________ tea and soda. 2). The report is incomplete; it doesn’t include sales in France, ________.
答案: 1) such as 2). For example
4. play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
1). She plays an active part in local politics. 2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme.
China is playing an important part/role in the world today.
[短语归纳]take part (in sth)参加, 参与（某事物 for the most part 整体上; 通常; 多半 the best part of sth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间） for my part就我来说
[练习] 中译英1). 有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）？2). 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。
答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)? 2). For my part, I don't mind where we eat.
6. because of 因为；由于1). They are here because of us.
[短语归纳]because of 是复合介词。because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。
[练习] ⑴ He came late to school again _______ he got up too late.⑵ The girl cried __________ what the teacher said.
⑶ we have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather.
7. base on …以…为基础 The movie is based on facts 8．ever before 从前
9．be based on 以……为基础 10．over time 长期以来 11．in the early days 在早期 12．the same as 相同于
13. Believe it or not信不信由你
14. a number of ＋N. 许多,大量. 作主语时, 谓语用复数. the number of ＋N. …的数量. 作主语时, 谓语用单数
Eg A number of people have read this novel. The number of people here is 50.
V重点句子
1. Which country do you think has the most English learners?
[解释]do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。
What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？
Why do you think their team could win the football match?
2. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
[解释] than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。如：
The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before.
[练习] 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before. 2). It's raining harder than ever before.
拓展：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matter when/what..., whenever, wherever, however 等等。
(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。
①Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited. ②Whatever you do, do it well.
③However hot it is, he won't take off his hat. ④Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.
(2007·浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable.
A．as if B．now that C．even though D．so that 解析：even though＝even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句。
2．Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。
(2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。
①Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer.②There is no such street in the city.
③He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse. 他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口。
(2009·安徽)I’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again. ______， it is ten years since we met last.
A．In a word B．What’s more C．That’s to say D．Believe it or not
解析：in a word总之；what’s more而且；that’s to say也就是说；believe it or not信不信由你。答案：D
3. with的复合结构
(1)—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.
A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled
解析：with复合结构中，work和fill是主动关系，且表示正在进行，因此其后要用doing结构。答案：B
(2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it.
A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished
解析：根据work和finish是被动关系，可以判断出答案。答案：A
(3)______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 解析：此处应采用“with＋宾语＋不定式”。答案：A
(4)It was cold outside，the boy ran into the room ______ his nose red.A．to B．on C．in D．with
解析：用“with＋名词＋形容词”做状语表示伴随情况。而to、on、in作为介词则没有这种用法。答案：D
Direct Speech
She asked, “Have you seen the film?”
He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?”
She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”
He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”
Indirect Speech
She asked me whether\if I had seen the film.
He asks John if\whether he is a doctor.
She asked us where we were going to get off.
He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.
总结 直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。
解题步骤:1.陈述句
“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends. Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.
2. 一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ) They asked him if it was easy to I mprove the condition of the soil.
3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him ) They asked him when he harvested the wheat
练习
1.He asked ____ for the violin. A Did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____. A.who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
3. Can you tell me ____?
A.how good is his spoken English B. how well his spoken English is
C. how well he speaks English D. how good he can speak English
4. He said that he had bought the jacket____. A .before three days B. three days before C. three days ago D. last week
5. Did you say_____?
A. that what he said was true B. that it was true that he said C. what did he say was true D. what he said it was true
6. Please tell me ____ from. A .where do you come B. where you come C. where you will come D. there you come
7. Ask her ____ come with us. A if she will B. if or not she will C. that if she will D. whether will she
8. The driver said that he ____ pick ____ a passenger at west street. A will, up B. would, up C. will, out D. would, out
9. He said he ___ in 1993. A .has born B. had been born C. had born D. was born
10. John ___ me he was going to help me with my English. A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said
答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B ; 5.A; 6.B; 7.A; 8.B ;9..D; 10.C
单元小测
1.课文单词填空
At the end of the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from England. They were native speakers. Today, the largest number of people 1 (speak) English may be in China. A lot of Chinese people speak English 2 their foreign language.
3 English language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries. Old English sound more 4 less like German for it was 5 on German, but modern English sounds more like French than German 6 England was once ruled by the French.
Two people had great effects on the English changes. One was Shakespeare, who 7 (large) the English 8 (词汇) ; the other was Noah Webster, 9 wrote a dictionary 10 gave American English its own identity.
2..单词拼写
1．A lot of students p___