高中英语完型填空方法总结.doc

高中英语完形填空技巧

复旦大学校训：Rich in Knowledge and Tenacious of Purpose ; Inquiring with Earnestness and Reflecting with Self-practice.
-----博学而笃志，切问而近思。
一、完形填空常见体裁
（一）记叙文——情节性
故事性、情节性、理解较容易。明确六个要素：时间、地点、人物、故事的发生、发展和结局。核心：故事的展开。做题：明确事件内容、理清故事发展线索。
（二）说明文——条理性
了解主题明确条理是关键。认知过程从段落、分层次、分要点等逐步展开。
（三）议论文——逻辑性
了解观点（论点）和论据（道理）。阐述观点，自圆其说（正反双方），环环相扣，表达严谨。
（四）常见题材
社会生活、人物传记、科技文化、历史地理、政治经济。平时要广闻博览,丰富阅读面。
二、完形填空题目设计特
（一）首句不设空。
（二）上下文逻辑关系
完形填空不仅考察词汇、搭配、语法等独立知识，而且还考察它们不同语境下构成的相应意义。做完形填空。试题时必须首先明确上下文的的逻辑关系和意义。
因果：as a result, consequently, thus, therefore, for this reason, for that reason, because of, on account of, so that,
due to, owing to…
列举：for instance, for example, that is , namely, specifically, one example is , such as…
递进：not only…but also,,,. as well as, moreover, besides, and, neither…nor…, both…and…
比较：compare with / to, like, in the same way, similarly, unlike, as well as, by contrast…
对比：although, while, but, but at the same time, despite, even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast,
in spite of , nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, regardless, still, though, yet…
转折：but, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, whereas, while, yet, still, although, even though,
in spite of…
强调：indeed, certainly, above all, in addition, in fact, after all, especially, (in) particular (ly), it is true, of course…
条件：if, in case, suppose, provided that, as long as…
时间：after that, from now on, next, from then on, first, then, secondly, finally, former, previous, meantime, since,
since then, after a while, soon, as soon as, before, earlier, until, immediately, in the past, lately, now , shortly, so far,
when…
空间：over, above, inside, outside, beside, across, between, before, below, close to, in front of, in the center of, nearby,
near to, on top of, on the other side, opposite to, to the east,to the left…
顺序：again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, finally, first, further, further more, in addition, in the first
place, last, moreover, next, second, still, too…
总结：in short, in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in other words, in summary, on the whole…

三、解题技巧与应对策略
一、利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择
首句一般不设空。因此我们应重视首句，并利用首句预测短文的问题和全文内容。
1. I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was      and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be anything but a failure. ”   
A. bright       B. useless        C. simple      D. hopeful
2. Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her first concert. She had been waiting for this moment for years and years. “Now it is here at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her ___1___ is.”
The song made her go back to the days when she was Lauren’s age. As a young girl, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied ___2___ in France, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine ___3___ in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be prepared to study hard and work for many years.
1. A. voice B. face C. dress D. life
2. A. French B. music C. piano D. dance
3. A. actress B. student C. singer D. dancer

二、根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题
1. Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was  . He never criticized us, but used _____ to bring out our best.   
 A. strict       B. honest       C. special    D. learned
A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise
2. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often
about that, Ed refused to buy a T-shirt or to lose weight.
A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked
A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker

三、利用语篇标志解题
常见语篇标志词语：结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：besides, what’s more, further;转折关系：but, while, however, on the other hand等。
She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed.
A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important
因此，我们要善于找出（“三找”）：
一找. 逻辑关系题（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进）
二找. NOT（在原文中找not）
三找. AND（在原文中找and）

四、根据逻辑推理解题
…and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange___quite pleasant taste.
A. besides B. but C. and D. or

五、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the areas like the desert.               
A．dry       B．distant        C．deserted        D．wild

六、从语法角度来解题
I went into a café and asked for a coffee .      I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place, but I sensed loneliness.
A．Before        B．Since        C．Although       D．While
2. Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then_ later you had kept your mouth shut?
23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared
解题思路：利用语法分析解题，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句had kept是过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。

七、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题
He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming___.So he shouldn’t have gone into that place.
.A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all

八、从词语辨析的角度来解题
When, two weeks later, I this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should enjoy this country as the son of a minister.
A. ran after B. ran into C. ran over D. ran to

九．根据找复现同现解题
复现
复现是一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确答案。(1)原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。如：
All of a sudden I started to feel rather ______. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of ______. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.
A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleased
A. place B. job C. advice D. help
(2)同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：
That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the ______ of it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.
A. benefit B. good C. fun D. interest
(3)反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：
Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesn’t ______ your money; it only tightens it.
A.　loosen　 B.　weaken　 C.　decrease　 D.　reduce　　
(4)同源词复现。对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading……When research is _________, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.
A. collected　 B. assigned　 C. distributed　 D. finished
(5)上义词复现。上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：
Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of : agriculture, diving and mathematics.
A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents
同现
同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一句话或同一语篇中，以确保语篇的和谐性、得体性。由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差异。
(1)场所同现。如：
On days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.
A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy
(2)修饰同现。如：
Although these wide modern roads are generally _______ and well maintained, with little sharp curves　and many straight ________, a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.
A. stable　　 B. smooth C. splendid　　　D. complicated
A. selections　　 B. separations　　　C. series　　 　D. sections　
(3)因果同现。如：
“Hooray!” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest I had ever heard at a meeting. The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.
A. cheer B. shout C. cry D. noise
(4)结构同现。如：
Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. , he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics.
A. As a matter of fact B. Later on C. Other times D. In general
(5)同义同现。如：
If a student has problem with classroom work, the student should either _______ a professor during　office hours or make an appointment.
A. greet 　B. attach　 C. approach　 D. annoy

十、语法知识
纵观历次四级考试完形填空试题，常考语法项目有：
1）名次单复数； 2） 形容词和副词的一般级、比较级和最高级；
3）动词的时态和语态； 4）分词结构和不定式；
5）定语从句； 6）宾语从句；
7）倒装结构。

十一、习惯用法与固定搭配
  考点： 理解主旨大意；              寻读具体信息；         理解细节；       
根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解；     
简单的判断和推理；        理解文段的基本逻辑结构；     
理解作者的意图和态度；           理解文段的文化信息：词汇语法熟练程度