高中英语必修一知识清单.doc

高一英语必修一知识复习
Unit 1 Friendship
一．重点单词
1. upset vt 使不安；使心烦 adj. 不安的；心烦的
【课文原句】Your friend comes to school very upset.你的朋友心神不安地来到学校。
be upset at/ about 对……感到不安
1）She was upset when she heard the bad news.
-- She was upset at the bad news.
2）What he said upset me .
2. calm vt./vi.（使）平静 adj.平静的；镇定的
【课文原句】You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你不顾铃声而去某个安静的地方安慰你的朋友。
She kept calm in time of danger.
辨析：calm, quiet, still, silent
① calm“平静的；沉着的” ② quiet“宁静的；安静的”。
③ still “静止的；不动的”④ silent“寂静的；沉默的”。
3. concern vt.使担忧；涉及 n. 担心
【课文原句】……tell your friend thet you are concerned about him.
告诉你的朋友你很关心他。
be concerned about /for 对…... 担心
1） We are all concerned about his safety.
我们大家都担心他的安全。
2) How to make progress in the new term is the students’ concern.(n.
4. settle vi. 安家，定居 vt. 使定居；解决
1）The family has settled in Canada.
2）The question has been settled, so everyone feels satisfied.
5. suffer vt/vi 遭受 （后常直接跟pain , loss, defeat,等名词）
suffer from 遭受；患病（后一般跟伤痛、疾病等引起的痛苦）
【课文原句】She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.
1） The company suffered great economic losses last year.
2） He has suffered from headache for almost one year.
3） Many people suffered from cold and hunger during the war.
6. recover vt /vi 痊愈；恢复（常与介词from连用，表示“恢复健康”）；
重新获得
【课文原句】How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it’s so dirty?
He works hard to recover lost time after he recovered from serious illness.
病愈后他努力工作，以弥补（或重新获得）失去的时间。
二．重要短语
1. add up 把……加起来
【课文原句】Add up your score and see how much points you get .
把你的得分加起来，看看你能得多少分。
add A to B 把A加在B上 add to 增加
add up to 总计达……
1) The money he spent within a week added up to 500 yuan.
2) The bad weather added to our difficulties.
恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
2. should have done (同 ought to have done )
【课文原句】……tell him/her that he/she should have studied.
告诉他（或她）本应该（努力）学习的。
should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上并没有做”,含有责备或后悔之意。
shouldn’t have done _本不该做而做了_ must have done “一定做过某事”
needn’t have done __本不必要做而做了__
3. go through 经历
1）The country has gone through too many wars.
2）She went through her pockets and finally found the key.
4. get along with 进展； 与……相处（ 后可用well, badly等作修饰语）
【课文原句】I am getting along well with a boy in my class.
1）He is easy to get along with.
2) How are you getting along with your studies?
你的学习情况进展如何？
5. set down 记下（ write down） 6. on purpose 故意 （by accident 偶然）
7.get/ be tired of 对……厌烦 8. join in 参加
三．句型
1. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. （注意本句中的强调句式）
1）It is /was + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 其它 2） be crazy about
2. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, ...
There was a time when … 可作为句型掌握（ when 引导定语从句）
3.        But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.
too much +名词 much too + adj/adv
4. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
1）It (This ) is the first (second…) time that sb + 现在完成时
2）It (This ) was the first (second…) time that sb + 过去完成时
5. I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment .
I am having some trouble in making friends .
have trouble /difficulty with + n.
have trouble /difficulty in + doing (此处trouble ，difficulty 均为不可数名词)
6. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事对某人感激
give sb. some advice on sth. 就某方面给某人提出一些建议 （advice 为不可数名词）
7. Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find it hard to make good friends with them.
注意： although 引导让步状语从句，主句中 it作形式宾语， to make good friends with the作真正宾语，hard作宾补________.可以跟这种结构的动词think, find, feel, consider, make, believe等。结构为：
think /find / feel / consider / make / believe + it +宾补 + to do
1)      I think it my duty to help others .
2)      I find it important to learn English well.
3)      I make it a rule to keep a diary every day.

Unit 2 English Around the World
一．重点单词
1.base vt.以……为基础 n. 基础
【课文原句】It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
短语 be based on以……为基础 at present 目前；现在
1) I base my novel on a true story.
2) My novel is based on a true story.
mand vt/n. 命令；掌握 request vt/n. 请求；要求
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
that sb. ( should) do （此用法同request）
注意：command和request（不论是它们的动词还是名词形式）接宾语从句时，从句要用should+do（动词原形），其中should可以省略。
1) She had a good command of the English language.
2) The general commanded his soldiers to attack the city.
3) The general commanded that his soldiers (should) attack the city.
3.recognize vt. 辨认，公认
【课文原句】Although many Americans move a lot , they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.
1）  As soon as I answered the phone, I recognized his voice.’
2) This book is now recognized as a classic. 这本书被公认为是一部经典著作。
4. direction n. 方向；指导；说明
1)      I have a good sense of direction. （很好的方向感）
2)      The birds flew away in all directions.
3) They finished the task under the direction of their teacher.（在某人的指导下）
4) You should read the directions before you take medicine .
二．重点短语
1．because of 介词短语 ，后跟名词。
because 连词， 后跟从句。

He didn’t come because he was ill.
because of his illness.
2. come up 走近；(被）提出 （物作主语）
come up with 提出, 人作主语
1) He came up to me and asked me a questioon.
2) The problem came up at the meeting.
( He came up with a problem at the meeting.)
3. make use of 利用；使用
make good/ full/ little use of好好/ 充分/不充分利用
1) We must make full use of our time to study.
2) Our time must be made full of to study. (被动句)
4. play a part in 扮演一个角色；起作用 ( 同play a role in)
【课文原句】Geography also plays a part in making dialects.
Computers play an important part in modern society. ( 起重要作用)
5. be different from 与……不同
三．句型
1. Today , the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.
the number of …..的数量
a number of 大量的 （或 a great / large number of ）
A number of people are learning English now in China.
2. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
believe it or not信不信由你， 在句中做插入语 such……as 固定搭配
【注意】1) such与a/an连用时要放在a/an前面, 如：such a man.
2) such与all, no, some, any, many, much, several, one等词连用时应放在他们的后面, 如：many such books, no such man(不能说no such a man)。
One such dictionary is enough.
一本这样的词典就够了。

Unit 3 Travel Journal
一．重点单词
1. prefer. vt.更喜欢
【课文原句】Which kind of transport do you prefer to use :bus or train ?
你喜欢乘坐哪种交通工具，汽车还是火车？（P17）
① prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B
② prefer doing A to doing B = prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B
③ prefer sb. to do sth. = prefer that sb. (should) do sth. 宁愿/ 更喜欢某人做某事
1）I prefer dogs to cats.
2）I prefer reading in the library to playing computer games at home on weekends.
= I prefer to read in the library rather than play computer games at home on weekends.
3）Would you prefer me to go with you?
= Would you prefer that I (should) go with you?
2. persuade vt. 说服
persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人去做某事
I persuade him to give up smoking. = I persuade him into giving up smoking.
try to persuade sb. to do sth. 建议/ 试着说服某人做某事，不一定能说服成功
I tried to persuade him to give up smoking , but failed. (也可用 advise sb. to do sth.)
3. determine vt.决定；下定决心
【课文原句】She gave me a determined look –the kind that said she would not change her mind. 她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她不会改变心意。
determine to do sth. 决心去做某事
determine that 从句 认定
▲     determined adj. be determined to do sth.
I determine to succeed through great efforts.
= I am determined to succeed through great efforts.
= I determine that I will succeed through great efforts.
【联想拓展】decide to do sth. 决定做某事
make up one’s mind to do sth. 下决心做某事 ★ （mind有复数形式）
change one’s mind 改变主意（mind 无复数形式）
二．重点短语
1. care about 关心，在乎
【课文原句】My sister doesn’t care about details.
【联想拓展】care for 照顾( 同look after , take care of ) ；喜欢（一般用于疑问和否定句中）
I don’t care for red colour.
2. give in 屈服 give in to sb. / sth. 屈服于某人或某物
【课文原句】Finally, I had to give in.
3. be fond of 喜欢
【课文原句】I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.
4. put up 举起；搭起；张贴；提供住宿
【课文原句】 We put up our tent and then we eat.
1) Put up your hands if you have any question. （举起）
2) We can put you up for a night or two. （提供住宿）
3) Advertisements are put up everywhere. （张贴）
4) A new theatre will be put up where there used to be a temple.（建造）
【知识拓展】相关短语有：
put away 收起来；放好 put off 推迟
5. can’t wait to do sth. = can hardly wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
【课文原句】 We can hardly wait to see them!
The students can’t wait to know the results of the exam.
学生们迫不及待地想知道考试的结果。
三．句型
1. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places , she insisted that she organize the trip properly.
尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。
▲     insist vt. 坚持 insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事
▲     insist + that从句—— 若insist表示“坚决主张，坚持要求”时，that从句中采取虚拟语气的形式，即： (should) + do ；若insist表示“坚持一种说法、看法或事实”时，that从句中使用陈述语序和相应的时态
1)We insisted that our father (should) give up smoking.
2) He insisted that he was right and that he (should) be set free.
他坚持说他是对的并且应当被释放。
2. Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice .
我们的腿又沉又冷，以至于感觉起来它们像冰块。
★     so… that…
1)  so+adj．／adv．+that clause（so后跟形容词或副词）
2)  so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that.=such a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that...
3)   
so many/few+可数名词复数+that...
so much/little+不可数名词+that...

4) such + adj.+ 可数名词复数或不可数名词 +that .
如： 1) There were so many mistakes in my homework that I felt very upset.
2) There is so little water in the glass that I can't drink any more.
3) It was such bad weather that they had to stay inside .