西安交大研究生综合英语汉译英与英译汉.doc

Just as Adam was cast out of Eden, I was kicked out of university; but while his transgression was eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge, my sin was ignoring the tree. After my dismal performance in my first year of university, I contemplated the reasons for my failure. Now, I understand the two factors that contributed to my downfall: the lack of a career goal and premature independence.
正如亚当被逐出伊甸园，我被撵出了大学校门：亚当违反的戒律是偷吃了善恶之树的禁果，我的罪恶就是无视知识之树。在我大学第一年差劲表现之后，我仔细考虑自己被逐出大学的原因。现在我意识造成我被逐出校园的两个因素：缺乏职业目标和过早的独立。
Without a career goal, I lacked direction and motivation. About halfway through my final year of high school, I was hounded by my parents to enroll in university, but until that time had not given any thought to what career I wanted to pursue. To silence their nagging, I told them I wanted to be an engineer. Though I got high marks in math, physics, and chemistry, I was bored with them, and my dislike of the science became apparent in the first four months of university. I failed all my science courses.
没有职业目标，我缺乏方向和动机，大约在中学最后一年过了一半时，我被父母追逼着到大学注册，但直到那时候我还未考虑我想追求什么职业。为了让他们不再说我，我告诉他们我想当一名工程师。虽然我在数学、物理和化学上得了高分，但是我对这些课感到厌倦，接着在大学的最初四个月里我不喜欢这些理科课程变得明显了。所有的理科课程都不及格。

B．
(1) 当他向朋友借钱时，又一次遭到拒绝，顿时勃然大怒。(fury) When he went to borrow money from his friend and was refused again, he flew into fury.
(2) 在这次战役中，除了偶尔的无线电联络之外，麦克同部队之间的其它联系都被切断了。(cut off) Mike was cut off from all but occasional radio communications with his armies in the campaign.
(3) 我们正在向前走着，看到一只兔子突然从洞里跳出来，穿过田野。(pop up) As we walked along，we saw a rabbit pop up from it's burrow and scurry across the field.
(4) 有人认为对加拿大整个地区的独家经销商来说，三百架钢琴的年销售量未免太保守了。(sole) Someone thinks the annual sale of 300 pianos for a sole distributorship in Canada is rather conservative.
(5) 有人认为，要结婚就应结为终身伴侣；法律对离婚者太宽大了。(lenient) Some people think if people marry, it ought to be for life, the laws are altogether too lenient with divorcees.
(6) 在头四圈里，本杰明一直与那名德国赛车手并驾齐驱。(stay abreast of) Over the first four laps, Benjamin stayed abreast of the German driver.
(7) 速度、耐力和战术是选手在比赛中夺冠的重要因素。(tactics) Speed, endurance and tactics are important factors in gaining the victory.
(8) 一支球队能够在常年锦标赛中不断的蝉联冠军，关键是临场状态奇佳、合作无间、斗志高昂。(morale) A soccer team that remains championship year after year must have kept up it's extraordinary performance with close coordination among its high-morale members.

Unit 4
英译汉：The capital account is a record of investment and capital transactions between a country and the rest of the world. The capital inflows or outflows are usually called capital transactions of both long term and short term. Capital inflow shall be recorded as accredit item, while capital outflow shall be recorded as a debit item in the capital account. The capital account covers three sub-accounts: direct investment, portfolio investment and short-term capital. The direct investment usually refers to the establishment of a plant or distribution network abroad. Investors could control or share control over sales, production, and research and development of such a corporation. Direct investment usually means more than 10 percent of ownership.
资本项目记录一国与世界其他国家之间的投资及资本交易。资本的流入或流出通常称为资本交易，包括长期的和短期的资本流动。资本流入计入资本项目中的贷方，资本流出计入借方。 资本项目包括三个分项：直接投资、有价证券投资和短期资本。直接投资通常指在国外建立一个工厂或销售网络。投资者可以控制或分享控制公司的销售、生产和研究开发。直接投资一般是指拥有10%以上的股权。
Foreign portfolio investment covers all international transactions with an original maturity of more than one year, such as the purchase of shares from a foreign corporation. Short-term capital refers to the net change in the country’s international financial assets and liabilities with an original maturity of one year or less. Short-term capital flows include the normal everyday receipts and payments arising out of international trade and finance.产生于，起因于
外国有价证券投资包括期限在一年以上的国际交易。比如，购买外国公司的股票。短期资本是指一国的国际金融资产和债务期限为一年或少于一年的净额变化。短期资本流动包括在国际贸易和国际金融中发生的日常收入和支出。
There is one account called “Errors and Omissions” in the balance of payments statements. This account takes into statistical errors. Errors and omissions are needed in order to bring the total debits and credits into an arithmetic equilibrium. The account of “Official Reserve Assets” includes mainly the gold stock, the stock of foreign exchange in convertible currencies, allocation of Special Drawing Rights and reserve position in the International MonetaryFund.
国际收支平衡表中设有“错误与遗漏”项目。主要考虑到统计上的错误。设立这一项目是为了使整个借方和贷方达到算术上的平衡。官方储备资产项目主要包括黄金储备、可兑换的外汇储备、特别提款权的配额及国际货币基金组织的贮备头寸。
汉译英：
1. 有些对手会先把你拉低到和他们同等的水平，再靠经验战胜你。(drag down)Some competitors drag you down to their level and beat you with experience.
2. 她曾一度作为山姆的代表，去分公司帮助解决工作初期出现的问题。(smooth out)For a while she went, as Sam's representative, to help smooth out initial working problems.
3. 大多数人把这种机器看成是一种玩具而已。(be anything but)Most people thought this machine would never be anything but a toy.
4. 建设这样浩大的输气工程，对中国来说毕竟是第一次，很多人曾经怀疑2005年是否能如期完工。 (gigantic)It is the first time for China to undertake such a gigantic project. Many people once suspected whether the project would be completed on schedule?
5. 那么在全球不景气的情况下，中国电信业为何能逆势上扬，实现持续快速增长？(recession) Why could China's telecom industry maintain rapid growth in spite of global recession?
6. 全年居民消费价格总水平比上年上涨0.4%，改变了1998年以来连续两年下降的局面。(consecutive)The consumer price level rose by 0.4 percent, reversing the trend of decline for two consecutive years starting from 1998.
7. 这家公司在计划跟我们的合并时给我们提出了有诱惑力的条件。(merger)This company gives us a seductive offer on engineering the merger with us.
8. 经济学仍然必须和稀缺相周旋，把稀缺当作生活中一种基本的事实。(contend)Economics must still contend with scarcity as a basic fact of life.

Unit 5
英译汉：A beautiful woman, we say in English. But a handsome man. "Handsome" is the masculine equivalent of-and refusal of-a compliment which has accumulated certain demeaning overtones, by being reserved for women only. That one can call a man "beautiful" in French and in Italian suggests that Catholic countries-unlike those countries shaped by the Protestant version of Christianity-still retain some vestiges of the pagan admiration for beauty. But the difference, if one exists, is of degree only. In every modem country that is Christian or post-Christian, women are the beautiful sex-to the detriment of the notion of beauty as well as of women.
英语中我们说“美丽的女人，”但是“英俊的男子。”“英俊”即男性的美丽，男人们拒绝用“美丽”这个词，因为它是专门留给女人的，这句恭维已经日积月累带上了一定的贬意。在法语和意大利语中人们仍会用“美丽”来形容男人，看来天主教国家不像深受基督教新教影响的国家，仍然保留了一些异教徒对美丽的欣赏。但这类差别即便存在，也只是程度上略有不同而已。在所有基督教或后基督教的现代国家里，女人都是一种美丽的性别——这种联系不仅损害了人们对美丽的看法，也无助于女性的自身形象。
In men, good looks is a whole, something taken in at a glance. It does not need to be confirmed by giving measurements of different regions of the body, nobody encourages a man to dissect his appearance, feature by feature. As for perfection, that is considered trivial-almost unmanly.
对男人而言，长相好指的是整体，是瞟一眼就能得到的整体印象。不必对身体的不同部分进行测量，也没有人鼓励一个男子把他的外表按一个个部位分开来看。至于完美的外表，那是无关紧要的——几乎可以说不够男人味儿。
Indeed, in the ideally good-looking man a small imperfection or blemish is considered positively desirable. According to one movie critic (a woman) who is a declared Robert Redford fan, it is having that cluster of skin-colored moles on one cheek that saves Redford from being merely a "pretty face." Think of the depreciation of women-as well as of beauty-that is implied in that judgment.
实际上，理想的美男子有一点缺陷或瑕疵反倒是令人向往的。据一位自认是罗伯特·雷德福影迷的(女性)电影评论家所言，雷德福脸上那片近肤色的胎迹使他免于仅仅沦为一张“漂亮的脸蛋”。想想隐含在这番话中的对女性的贬损——也是对美丽的眨损。
汉译英:
1. 如果学生的奖学金是免税的，就不用在联邦所得税申报书上填报了。 (be exempt from)If the student's scholarship income is exempt from taxation, there is no need to report it on the federal income tax return.
2. 我生于戏剧工作者之家，注定了我的舞台生涯。 (be destined for)Coming from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage, i.e. I was expected to be an actor.
3. 看到五星红旗在奥运赛场上一次次升起，我们不禁为自己身为中国人而骄傲。(pride oneself in doing something)Watching the five-star red flag rising again and again in Olympic games, we can’t help priding ourselves in being Chinese.
4. 懒惰和浮躁的情绪会不可避免地滋生，但是我们有足够的时间在学习、工作中把它们清理出去。（creep in）Lazy and blundering mood will inevitably creep in, but we have enough time to clean them out in the study and work.
5. There are not enough trained younger men and women ready to take over from older experts.
6. 懒惰和浮躁的情绪会不可避免地滋生，但是我们有足够的时间在学习、工作中把它们清理出去。（creep in）Unavoidably, laziness and impulsiveness will creep in, but there will be time to comb them out in the course of study and work.
7. 在变化和竞争的时代，真正优秀的人力资源应该是输得起的人，他们即使输了也能东山再起。（start over）In these competitive times, people should not be afraid of losing. They should be prepared to start all over again. This is the touchstone of a truly quality workforce.
8. 邦妮死后的一段时间里，斯佳丽迁怒于白瑞德，她过于沉浸在自己的悲痛中，以至于只有在仆人跟前才跟他客气地说说话。（be preoccupied with） For some time after Bonnie's death she had been too angry with him, too preoccupied with her own grief to do more than speak politely in front of the servants.
9. 管账的怒目斜视着小伙计，但因我在旁边，他没有说什么，只是重重地打着算盘。（bite one’s tongue）The cashier cast an angry sidelong glance at the young clerk, but he had to bite his tongue in my presence and worked his abacus heavily.

Unit 8
英译汉：There in the mist, enormous, majestic, silent, and terrible, stood the Great Wall of China. Solitarily, with the indifference of nature herself, it crept up the mountain side and slipped down to the depth of the valley. Menacingly, the grim watchtowers, stark and foursquare, at due intervals stood at their posts.
迷蒙之中呈现出来的那庞然大物，十分壮观，寂然不动而气度非凡，那就是中国的长城。它孤独地沿着山的一侧蜿蜒而上，再往下进入山谷深处，像大自然似的，一副与世无涉的冷漠样子。每隔一定的距离就有一座森严的瞭望台，冷峻挺立，十分威严。
Ruthlessly, for it was built at the cost of a million lives and each one of those great gray stones has been stained with the bloody tears of the captive and the outcast, it forged its dark way through a sea of rugged mountains. Fearlessly, it went on its endless journey, league upon league to the furthermost regions of Asia, in utter solitude, mysterious like the great empire it guarded. There in the mist, enormous, majestic, silent, and terrible, stood the Great Wall of China.
它是铁面无情，坚忍不拔的，既然付出了千百万生命的代价建造它，每一块灰色大砖石上都染满了那离乡背井犹如囚徒者的斑斑血泪，它就一定会绝然向前，跨越崇山峻岭奔向人所不知的去处。它具有大无畏的精神，漫漫征途无尽头，走了一程又一程，一直走到亚洲最边远的地方，茕茕孑立，神秘莫测，犹如它所捍卫的大帝国似的。中国的长城就是那样的庞然大物，在迷蒙中寂然不动，气度非凡，十分壮观。
汉译英:
1. 清晨新鲜的空气，鸟儿的歌唱，街道两旁的花草树木，夜晚的星辰，所有这一切都会使人干到生活是无限美好的。(conspire)The fresh morning air, the singing of birds, the trees and flowers on the sides of the street, and the stars at night conspire to make you feel how beautiful the life is.
2. 一些中国品牌以富有竞争力的价位为后盾，已跻身于国际市场，同时他们也未忽略产品的质量，高效的销售以及售后服务等战略的运用。(ignore) Some Chinese brands have nudged into the inter-national market on the back of competitive pricing. At the same time they haven’t ignored such strategies as product quality, an efficient distribution and after-sales service.
3. 我妹妹玛丽的几个朋友不断地告诉她，她的朋友卡罗尔在她背后说她的坏话。玛丽经过她们的洗脑也就相信了她们的话。后来她发现事实并非如此时，感到非常抱歉。(brainwash)
Several of her friends brainwashed my sister Mary into believing that her best friend Carol was saying nasty things about her behind her back. Mary was as sorry as she could be when she found out it wasn’t true.
4. 如果政治家想赢得选举胜利必须努力表现自己。(project)
A politician must project himself if he wants to win an election.
5. 随着生活节奏的加快，人们感到时间的紧迫，驾车的速度越来越快。马路就像赛场跑道，高速行驶的汽车严重威胁到行人的安全。(race track; sorely)With the quicken pace of life, people feel time presses and drive their cars faster and faster, which makes the roadway look like a race track. The automobiles running at a high speed sorely threaten the safety of pedestrians.
6. 现如今人们对汽车的依赖性越来越强，即使时上下班只有1英里的路程，也要驱车前往。(a round trip to work; resort to)
Nowadays people become increasingly dependent on automobiles. Despite one mile round trip to work, they will resort to automobiles.
7. 中国制造的商品以其物美价廉赢得了世界各国消费者的青睐。(win one’s heart)
Low in price and good in quality, the commodities made in China have won hearts of the consumers all over the world.
8. 中国的汽车工业白手起家，逐渐发展到如今这样的规模。但是，它仍然处于初级阶段，对其设定过高的质量标准是不切合实际的。(from scratch)
Starting from scratch, Chinese automobile industry has gradually developed into what it is. But with it at the preliminary stage, it is impractical to set an exorbitant quality standard for it.

Unit 10
英译汉：
1. But there is more to it than this. The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or living through them, and reading about them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events.
但读书的益处还不只这一些。读者常会被携带到一个思考和熟虑的世界里边去。即使是一篇描写事实的文章，但躬亲其事和从书中读到事情的经过，其间也有很大的不同点。 因为这种事实一经描写到书中之后便成为一幅景物，而读者便成为一个脱身是非，真正的旁观者了。所以真正有益的读书，便是能引领我们进到这个沉思境界的读书，而不是单单去知道一些事实经过的读书。

2. When I Am Dead, My Dearest
— Christina Rossetti
When I am dead, my dearest,
Sing no sad songs for me;
Plant thou no roses at my head,
Nor shady cypress tree:
Be the green grass above me
With showers and dewdrops wet;
And if thou wilt, remember,
And if thou wilt, forget.
当我离开人间，最亲爱的
— 克里斯蒂娜.罗塞蒂
当我离开人间，最亲爱的，
别为我哀歌悲切；
我的墓前不要栽玫瑰，
也不要柏树茂密；
愿绿茵覆盖我的身躯，
沾着湿润的灵珠雨水；
假如你愿意，就把我怀念，
假如你愿意，就把我忘却。

汉译英:
1. 圣诞节前后，顾客们总是争先恐后地到这家店购买打折商品。(scramble) Around Christmas, shoppers are scrambling to buy bargains in this store.
2. 周瑜一边吩咐士兵不给诸葛亮准备制作箭的材料，一边让谋士鲁肃偷偷窥探他的动静。(spy on) On the one hand, Zhou Yu ordered his troops not to provide Zhuge Liang with materials to make the arrows. He also sent Lu Su to spy on him to find out what was going on.
3. 大家都明白这一规定的目的是为了防止球迷可能出现过激行为。(appear to be) The purpose of the rule, as we all know, was to prevent football fans’ acts that might appear to be unduly provocative.
4. 我们等了三个小时, 一直希望能有人来接我们。(all the while) We waited for three hours, all the while hoping that someone would come and fetch us.
5. 他选择在事业的巅峰期激流勇退，转而投身慈善事业，实在是令人钦佩。(draw back) It’s admirable that he drew back at the capstone of his career, and turned his steps to charities.
6. 我们请一位机械师检查了一下，发现转轴似乎在机器组装之前已有裂缝。(look over) We have had a mechanic look it over. He reports that the rotators appear to have been cracked before the machine was installed.
7. 由于会议时间有限，他把发言稿修改了一下，删掉了部分内容。(prune) Because of the limited time in conference, he pruned some parts from his draft of speech, so as to improve it.
8. 等到你稍稍平静下来，你就会跟往常一样对这些事情进行冷静的判断了。(repose) When your mind reposes in a way, you will judge of such things calmly as you have always done.