西电专业英语.docx

一、 语法点（ ）
1. 分词做后置定语
The invention herein described was made in the course of or under a contract or subcontract thereunder, with the Department of the Air Force.
2. 在technique后面多用for
One of the earliest prior art techniques for jamming an enemy radar contemplated the transmission of a wide band noise signal of such great amplitude as to substantially obliterate the true target signals being displayed on the radar enemy indicator.
3. 插入词
It is recognized, however, that such wide band noise transmission is objectionably wasteful of the available jammer transmitter power and, moreover, may not be completely effective in masking the true target signal.
4. 现在完成进行时强调“一直在进行某项工作”
Another approach to the jamming problem has been to deceive the radar enemy operator rather than to render his receiver ineffectual by the sheer brute force of an overpowering noise signal.
5. 全倒装
It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a radar confusion countermeasure system including means for the production of a great number of realistic false target signals on an enemy radar indicator at apparently random ranges and azimuths.
6. 由as引导的非限定性定语从句
These and other objects of the present invention, as will appear upon the reading of the following specification, are achieved in a representative embodiment of the present invention by the provision of a wide band microwave signal receiver capable of detecting pulses radiated from the main, side and back lobes of the enemy radar antenna.
7. 分词作状语
The selected and detected pulse outputs from the wide band receiver are then applied to a special pulse generator which produces a varying number of output pulses, in response to each of the applied pulses, bearing substantially random time relationships there with.
8. 分词作定语
The pulse signals transmitted back to the enemy radar will be displayed on the enemy radar indicator at substantially random ranges and azimuths together with the true target signal which is reflected by the vehicle carrying the countermeasure system.
9. It做形式主语
It will be seen, by comparison of the true target signal 1 with the others of the multiplicity of detected signals, that there is no distinguishing characteristic of the true signal which would facilitate the enemy radar operator’s task in discriminating it as against all of the other signals.
10. While表示对比
The number of pulses in each group is determined by the radar pulse repetition rate, the radar beam width and the radar azimuth scanning rate, while the envelope of the group of pulses is determined by the radar beam pattern.
二、 句子翻译（ ）
1.
The present invention relates to radar countermeasure systems and, more particularly, to a radar confusion countermeasure system for producing on an enemy radar indicator a multitude of false target signals representing apparently random target positional data.
本发明涉及一种雷达对抗系统，更具体地说，是一种用于在敌方雷达显示器上产生明显的随机目标位置数据的假目标信号的雷达混淆对抗系统。
2.
The present invention presents yet another technique for substantially reducing or neutralizing the target detection capabilities of an enemy radar.
本发明还提出了一种将敌方雷达的目标检测能力大幅降低或中和的技术。
3.
It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a radar confusion countermeasure system including means for the production of a great number of realistic false target signals on an enemy radar indicator at apparently random ranges and azimuths.
提供一种扰乱雷达对抗系统是本发明的主要目标，它包括在敌人雷达指示器上看似随机的范围和方位产生大量逼真的假目标信号。
4.
A further object is to provide means for the generation of a varying number of pulses of electromagnetic energy in response to each of a received plurality of signal pulses, the produced pulses being randomly modulated in amplitude.
进一步的目的是提供一种方法，用于产生不同数目的、响应接收多个信号脉冲的电磁能量，它所产生的脉冲被随机地调制在振幅上。
5.
The wide band receiver has an input-output characteristic such that the output pulses have substantially the same durations as those of the received input pulses over a wide range of input pulse amplitudes.
宽频带接收器具有输入输出特性，使得输出脉冲持续时间与在宽范围内接收的输入脉冲持续时间相同。
6.
The pulse signals transmitted back to the enemy radar will be displayed on the enemy radar indicator at substantially random ranges and azimuths together with the true target signal which is reflected by the vehicle carrying the countermeasure system.
从敌人雷达传回的脉冲信号回将以实质上随机的范围和方位角显示在敌人的雷达上，与此同时反映了携带对抗系统车辆的真实目标信号也会显示在敌人的雷达上。
7.
In the representative enemy radar target delay of FIG. I, the true target signal reflected by the vehicle carrier of the countermeasure system of the present invention is designated by the numeral 1.
在典型的敌方雷达目标时延图1中，数字1指定了本发明的车载对抗系统所反映的真实目标信号。
8.
Moreover, the false target signals are made to appear on the enemy radar indicator at substantially all target ranges and target azimuths.
此外，在基本上所有的目标范围和目标方位角都有假目标信号出现在敌人的雷达显示器上。
9.
It should be noted that even if the enemy radar operator would succeed in ultimately distinguishing the true target signal from the multiplicity of false targets, one of the principal objectives of the countermeasure system, which is to delay the identification of the true target, will have been achieved.
应该指出的是，即使敌人的雷达操作员最终能够成功地从多个虚假的目标中区分出真正的目标信号，但是为了推迟的真正目标识别时间的目标对抗系统已经实现。
10.
The number of pulses in each group is determined by the radar pulse repetition rate, the radar beam width and the radar azimuth scanning rate, while the envelope of the group of pulses is determined by the radar beam pattern.
由雷达脉冲重复频率、雷达波束宽度和雷达方位扫描速率来确定每个组的脉冲数目，而雷达波束图确定脉冲的包络线。
三、 论文原文
RADAR CONFUSION COUNTERMEASURE
SYSTEM
The invention herein described was made in the course of or under a contract or subcontract thereunder, with the Department of the Air Force.
The present invention relates to radar countermeasure systems and, more particularly, to a radar confusion countermeasure system for producing on an enemy radar indicator a multitude of false target signals representing apparently random target positional data.
One of the earliest prior art techniques for jamming an enemy radar contemplated the transmission of a wide band noise signal of such great amplitude as to substantially obliterate the true target signals being displayed on the radar enemy indicator. It is recognized, however, that such wide band noise transmission is objectionably wasteful of the available jammer transmitter power and, moreover, may not be completely effective in masking the true target signal.
Another approach to the jamming problem has been to deceive the radar enemy operator rather than to render his receiver ineffectual by the sheer brute force of an overpowering noise signal. In this connection, countermeasure equipment has been provided for the transmission of a relatively small number of pulses, in response to each of the enemy radar pulses, in such a way as to present on the enemy radar indicator a limited number of false target signals lying at predetermined ranges and azimuths relative to the true target signal.
The present invention presents yet another technique for substantially reducing or neutralizing the target detection capabilities of an enemy radar. In accordance with the present invention, means are provided for the production on the enemy radar indicator of a great number of realistic-looking false target signals having apparently random ranges and azimuths.
It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a radar confusion countermeasure system including means for the production of a great number of realistic false target signals on an enemy radar indicator at apparently random ranges and azimuths.
Another object of the present invention is to provide means responsive to received pulses of electromagnetic energy for the transmission of a multiplicity of pulses of electromagnetic energy having substantially random time relationships with respect to the received pulses of electromagnetic energy. A further object is to provide means for the generation of a varying number of pulses of electromagnetic energy in response to each of a received plurality of signal pulses, the produced pulses being randomly modulated in amplitude.
An additional object is to provide radar confusion countermeasure equipment for the production of false target data on a radar enemy indicator to effectively camouflage the identity of the true radar target detector.
These and other objects of the present invention, as will appear upon the reading of the following specification, are achieved in a representative embodiment of the present invention by the provision of a wide band microwave signal receiver capable of detecting pulses radiated from the main, side and back lobes of the enemy radar antenna. The wide band receiver has an input-output characteristic such that the output pulses have substantially the same durations as those of the received input pulses over a wide range of input pulse amplitudes. Means are provided in the wide band receiver for selectively responding to received enemy radar pulses which are in predetermined frequency bands. The selected and detected pulse outputs from the wide band receiver are then applied to a special pulse generator which produces a varying number of output pulses, in response to each of the applied pulses, bearing substantially random time relationships there with. The substantially random pulses are applied to gate on a transmitter which transmits back to the enemy radar portions of locally generated wide band noise signals. The transmitted portions correspond in frequency to that of the received enemy radar pulses.
The pulse signals transmitted back to the enemy radar will be displayed on the enemy radar indicator at substantially random ranges and azimuths together with the true target signal which is reflected by the vehicle carrying the countermeasure system.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference should be had to the following specification and the drawings, in which:
FIG. I illustrates a representative enemy radar target display such as will be induced by the countermeasure system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the confusion generator component of the apparatus of FIG. 2.
In the representative enemy radar target delay of FIG. I, the true target signal reflected by the vehicle carrier of the countermeasure system of the present invention is designated by the numeral 1. It will be seen, by comparison of the true target signal 1 with the others of the multiplicity of detected signals, that there is no distinguishing characteristic of the true signal which would facilitate the enemy radar operator’s task in discriminating it as against all of the other signals. That is, the radial and arcuate dimensions of the false signals (all those other than target I) are substantially identical to those of the true signal. Moreover, the false target signals are made to appear on the enemy radar indicator at substantially all target ranges and target azimuths.
The effect of the presentation of FIG. I is at least to delay the enemy radar operator’s identification of the true target, assuming that this can be done at all. It should be noted that even if the enemy radar operator would succeed in ultimately distinguishing the true target signal from the multiplicity of false targets, one of the principal objectives of the countermeasure system, which is to delay the identification of the true target, will have been achieved. Any delay in the isolation of the true target from the multiplicity of false targets will permit vehicles (such as aircraft) carrying the counter measure equipment to further penetrate the enemy radar defense perimeter. In an actual tactical situation, not only will the vehicle carrying the countermeasure equipment be protected but the ranges and azimuths of neighboring vehicles moving in formation with it will be masked as well. Thus, the neighboring vehicles need not carry such countermeasure equipment. FIG. 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention for producing the false target data display of FIG. 1. In the course of explaining the operation of the apparatus of FIG. 2, it will be assumed that the enemy radar to be jammed is operating in a continuous azimuth scanning mode which is generally the case with search radars. As is well understood in the art, groups of radar pulses are received from such azimuth scanning radar, the individual pulses occurring at the radar repetition rate. The number of pulses in each group is determined by the radar pulse repetition rate, the radar beam width and the radar azimuth scanning rate, while the envelope of the group of pulses is determined by the radar beam pattern. Of course, a group of such pulses will be received each time that a lobe of detectable amplitude transverses the position of antenna 2 at the location of the countermeasure equipment.