n3-unit6-新世纪大学英语综合教程.doc

New Century College English (Book III)
Unit 6 Intercultural Communication
Text A Culture Shock
I. Teaching Objectives:
1. To get some knowledge about culture shock and dealing with it when culture shock occurs.
2. To grasp the key words and phrases.
3. To master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.
1) Basic route of writing
2) To understand idiomatic expressions
II. Teaching Content
1. Get started
2. Text Organization
3. Skill Learning in Writing and Reading
4. Language Points (key words, phrases and difficult sentences)
5. Grammar Focus (double negation)
6. Guided Practice
III. Teaching Process
1. Warm-up Questions
1) Do you sometimes find it difficult to adapt to a new environment? Why
2) Give some examples to show why westerners behave differently from us Chinese.
3) Suppose one of your foreign friends comes to work in China. What suggestions would you give to help him settle down?
2. Text Organization
Part I (Paras.1-3) We might call culture shock a disease which is caused by the frustration and anxiety resulting from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.
Part II (Paras.4-6) Culture shock is due to our own lack of understanding of other people’s cultural background and our lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment.
Part III (Para.7-9) To get over culture shock, we should get to know the people of the host country and their language; we should find out what they do, how they do it, and what their interests are, etc. But understanding the ways of a people does not mean that we have to give up our own.

3. Skill Learning in Writing and Reading
1) The text is based on a typical writing skill: first give a definition to “culture shock”, then state the causes of “culture shock”, and last list some ways to cope with it.
2) Understanding idiomatic expressions
Hypothesizing the meaning of idiomatic expressions with the context clues ― examples, explanations, contrasts or parallel phrases. E.g: get over; identify oneself with sth; build up
4. Language Points
A) New words and phrases explanation
1) 1. transplant:
(1) vt. to move from one place and settle elsewhere
*We start the flowers indoors and then transplant them to the garden.
*His kidney was transplanted in his daughter.
(2) n. the operation of transplanting an organ, piece of skin etc
*Kelly's only hope of survival was a heart and lung transplant.
Collocations:
heart transplant surgery 心脏移植手术
a bone marrow transplant 骨髓移植
2. ailment: n. an illness that is not very serious
It was still unclear what caused the victims' ailments.
*The medicine was supposed to cure all kinds of ailments, ranging from colds to back pains.
CF: ailment, illness, disease & complaint
这些名词均有“疾病”之意。ailment指身体或精神不适，尤其指小毛病。例如：
*His ailment was only a slight headache. 他身体不舒服，有点轻微的头痛。
illness 泛指一切疾病，强调生病的时间或状态。例如：
*Her mother was just recovering from an illness.
disease指具体的疾病，且通常较严重，发病时间也较长。例如：
*She suffers from a rare disease of the brain. 她得了罕见的脑病。
complaint指具体部位的疾病，尤其指不是很严重的那种。例如：
*He is having treatment for a chest complaint. 他正在接受胸部疾病的治疗。
3. cure:
(1) n. treatment or substance that cures; remedy
*There is still no cure for AIDS.
预防比任何一种治疗都要好得多。
(=Prevention is far better than any cure.)
(2) vt. to make an illness or medical condition go away
*Many types of cancer can now be cured.
(＝Ninety percent of patients can be cured of the disease.)
Pattern:
cure sb. of sth. 把某人的病治愈
*She had some acupuncture treatment which seems to have cured her.
针灸几次后她的病似乎痊愈了。
4. precipitate:
(1) vt. to make (an unwanted event) happen sooner
*An attack on the country could precipitate a world war.
(=The 1929 stock market crash precipitated the collapse of the American banking system.)
(2) vi. to separate a solid substance from a liquid by chemical action, or to be separated in this way
*This material causes most of the alumina in the solution to precipitate quickly.
(3) n. a solid substance that has been chemically separated from a liquid
老师让他在沉淀物溶解后再加热混合物。
(=The teacher asked him to warm the mixture after the precipitate dissolved.)
(4) adj. happening or done too quickly, and not thought about carefully
*A precipitate decision leads to his failure.
一阵冷风造成气温急剧下降。
(=A cool breeze caused a precipitate drop in the temperature.)
NB : 该词作动词用时，近义词为hasten；作形容词用时，近义词为hasty。
5. orient: v. to arrange or direct with a particular purpose
*She looked at the street names, trying to orient herself.
登山者停下来以便辨别自己的方位。
(=The climber stopped to orient himself.)
*The meeting decided that the magazine had to orient to the busisness community.
Collocation:
orient oneself to sth. 使自己熟悉某事
*It takes new students a while to orientate themselves to college life.
新同学要花一定的时间来熟悉校园生活。
be oriented to/towards/around sth/sb 迎合某人的需要, 围绕某事
*The course is oriented towards the needs of businessmen. 这一课程是为迎合商人的需要而设立的。
*A lot of the training is orientated around communications skills. 很多培训都是围绕交际技能展开的。
NB: 该词还可以用作名词，意为“东方”，但通常以the Orient的形式出现。例如：The traveler made a fame for himself by a book about the Orient. 这个旅行家凭了一本描写东方的书一举成名。
6. purchase:
(1) n. sth. you buy, or the act of buying it
*Other customers arrived, made their purchases and left.
那顶帽子买得不错。(=That hat was a good purchase.)
Collocations:
date of purchase 购买日期
proof of purchase 购买凭证
hire purchase 分期付款
make purchases 购物
(2) vt. to buy sth.
*You can purchase insurance online.
(=Foreign investors are not permitted to purchase land.)
7. a fish out of water: sb. who is uncomfortable; sb. who is at a disadvantage
*I felt like a fish out of water in my new school.
Pattern:
be/feel like a fish out of water 感觉格格不入
8. tremendous: adj. very great in size, amount, or degree
*She was making a tremendous effort to appear calm.
这个计划能省我们一大笔钱。
(=This plan could save us a tremendous amount of money.)
CF: tremendous, huge, vast & giant
这些形容词均有“巨大的，庞大的”之意。
tremendous指某物非常大，大得惊人。强调尺寸大小、数量以及程度方面的大。
huge含义广，强调体积或容积的庞大。也可用于引申意义。
vast多指空间、面积、范围的巨大，不涉及重量。
giant非常大，强调比同类中的其他事务大得多。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where
necessary.
(1) Be careful. The forest is full of ________snakes and spiders. （= giant）
(2) King's new novel will undoubtedly be a ________ success. （= huge）
(3) She praised her husband for the ________support he had given her. (=tremendous)
(4) ________ areas of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed. (=Vast)
9. glorify: vt. to cause to appear more important or better than they really are
*Movies that glorify violence may be responsible for some of the rise in crime.
(=The emperor's achievements were glorified in numerous poems.)
10. get over:
(1) to find a way to deal with
*Once we've got over the first few months, we should be making a reasonable profit.
我不知道我们应该怎样解决这个问题。
(=I don't know how we're going to get over this problem.)
(2) to become well again after an illness or a very upsetting experience
It's taken me ages to get over the flu.
她从没有从儿子去世的悲伤中恢复过来。(=She never got over the death of her son.)
11. dictate: v.
(1) to tell someone exactly what they must do or how they must behave
*Islamic custom dictates that women should be fully covered.
(=The media cannot be allowed to dictate to the government.)
她拒绝听命于华盛顿一些愚蠢官员。
(=She refused to be dictated to by some stupid officials in Washington.)
*Can they dictate how the money will be spent?
Patterns:
dictate that
dictate to
dictate who/what/how etc
(2) to say words for someone else to write down
*He's dictating a letter to his secretary right now.
12. transmit: v. to send or pass from one person, place, or thing to another
会议将通过卫星进行现场转播。
(=The meeting will be transmitted live via satellite.)
*Radars that transmit at lower frequencies are more effective than high-frequency radars in penetrating clouds, fog, and rain.
CF: transmit, send & deliver
这些动词均含“送出”、“发送”、“传送”之意。
transmit 指通过无线电、电视或其他类似的设备将信号、消息等发送出去或指传
播知识、疾病等。例如：
*The system transmits information over digital phone lines. 这个系统通过数字电话线发送信息。
*Cultural values are transmitted from parent to child. 文化价值观由父母传递给孩子。
send 最常用，含义广，指把人或物由一地送往另一地，而不涉及事物的内容传
送的方式。例如：
*We sent Mom flowers for Mother's Day. 母亲节我们送花给母亲。
deliver 指把信件、包裹等物寄发出去或交到某地，或直接交与某人，着重发送
这一行为。例如：
*The morning mail has just been delivered. 晨报刚刚送到。
13. build up:
(1) to increase, develop, or become gradually larger
*The firm has built up a wide reputation for fair dealing.
(= He's built up the family firm into a multinational company.)
(2) to make someone well and strong again; strengthen
*Taking exercise will build up your strength.
生病的时候必须休息以便恢复健康。
(=When sick you must rest to build up your health.)
14. by means of: by using a particular method or system
* I found my lost dog by means of a notice in the paper.
NB:
英文单词means比较活跃，有很多固定用法。常用的有：
by all means 尽一切办法, 一定
by any means 无论如何
by no means 决不
15. associate with sb.: to spend time with sb.
*I don't like those people you're associating with.
约翰好像一直和犯罪分子混在一起。
(=John may have been associating with the criminals.)
16. identify oneself/sb. with sb./sth.: to support or feel closely connected with sb./sth.
*She has always been identified with the radical left.
(=I tried to identify my mind with the old fellow's, and take his view of the world.)
CF: identify, recognize & make out
这些动词均含“认出，识别”之意。
identify指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等。
recognize 所辨认的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。
make out通常指通过人的感觉器官来辨别事物。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
(1) I didn't ________ you in your uniform. （= recognize）
(2) His accent ________ him as a Frenchman. （= identified）
(3) He could just ________a dark shape moving towards him. (=make out)
(4) Scientists have ________ the gene that causes abnormal growth. (=identified)

17. to the extent that: so much that
*Violence increased to the extent that residents were afraid to leave their homes.
NB: 英语中还有一个词组与该词组意思相同：to such an extent that，意为“到这样的程度以致”。常用的关于extent的词组还有：
to a certain extent 在一定程度上
to some extent 在某种程度上
to a great/large extent 在很大程度上
18. tendency: n. a characteristic likelihood of doing sth.
*There is an increasing tendency for women to have children later in life.
男孩的好斗倾向比女孩强。(＝Boys have a stronger tendency to fight than girls.)
Collocations:
aggressive tendency 进攻倾向
suicidal tendency 自杀倾向
criminal tendency 犯罪倾向
artistic tendency 艺术倾向
have a tendency to/towards sth. 有做某事的倾向
19. attribute:
(1) vt. to regard sth. as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb./sth.
*We attribute courage to the lion and cunning to the fox.
艾丽思的成功归功于她的聪明和勤奋。
(=Alice's success should be attributed to her intelligence and hard work.)
(2) n. a quality considered as belonging to a person or thing; characteristic.
*Patience is an attribute of a good teacher.
一名好经理应该具备何种素质？
(=What attributes should a good manager possess?)
20. peculiarity: n. sth. that is a feature of only one particular place, person, situation etc
*We noticed the peculiarity of his manner at once.
*She was well aware of the peculiarity of her own situation.
CF: peculiarity, trait & attribute
这些名词均有“特性”、“特点”、“品质”之意。
peculiarity指人或事物独具的或奇怪的特点，常带感情色彩。
trait多指人的性格、心情的特征，尤指先天秉赋的持久的行为模式或性格特征。
attribute通常指好的或有用的特征、品质。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where
necessary.
(1) Courage, love, patience and common sense are desirable ________.
(=traits)
(2) One of his ________ is that his two eyes are not the same color.
(=peculiarities)
(3) He possesses the essential ________ of a journalist. (=attributes)
21. hostility: n. unfriendliness; opposition.
*The guard dog showed signs of hostility toward the newcomers.
(=Recently there has been hostility towards the Prime Minister from members of his own party.)
Collocations:
open hostility 公开的敌意
*They eyed each other with open hostility. 他们带着明显的敌意注视对方。
popular hostility 公众的敌意
*Pictures of refugees aroused popular hostility towards the war. 难民照片引起了公众对于战争的愤怒。
hostility to/towards sb./sth. 对某人或某事的敌意
*There was fierce hostility to the new policy. 新政引起了强烈的敌意。
22. open up:
(1) to (cause to) spread or unfold
*With a microscope, a whole new world of investigation opens up.
*新国际公约带来了更多反恐合作的可能性。
(=The new international agreement opens up the possibility of much greater co-operation against terrorism.)
(2) to open sth. that is closed, locked, or covered
*Open up, this is the police!
(3) to stop being shy and say what you really think
(=Last night was the first time that Ken had opened up about his feelings.)
23. allocate: vt. to divide and give as a share
*You should allocate the same amount of time to each question.
*One million dollars was allocated for disaster relief.
CF: assign, distribute, divide & allocate
这些动词均含“分配”、“分发”之意。
assign指分配某项任务给某人或让某人负责某事；也可指为某事指定时间、地点。
distribute通常指将整体或定量分为若干份来分配。
divide普通用词，强调将某物分成若干份分配给他人，当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意。
allocate将某物划归特殊用途使用或将某物划拨给特定的人。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
(1) The Wall used to ________ East and West Berlin. （= divide）
(2) The Ford Foundation ________ millions of dollars for cancer research.(=allocated）
(3) Clothes and blankets have been ________ among the refugees. (=distributed)
(4) I've been ________ the task of looking after the new students. (=assigned)
24. participant:
(1) adj. participating; sharing.
*Participant reporters are welcome at the council meeting.
(2) n. someone who is taking part in an activity or event
*Last summer, children's art program had fourteen participants.
(=At the end of the conference, all the participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire.)
25. as such: properly so named; in the exact meaning of the stated thing
*If Mr. Green chooses to act like a child, he may have to be treated as such.
分娩是一个自然过程，也应该这样被对待。
(=Birth is a natural process and should be treated as such.)
Collocation:
be treated as such 被这样对待
be recognized as such 被这样认可
be accepted as such 被这样接受
B) Paraphrase of difficult sentences
1. Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure.
(1) What does “it” refer to in this sentence?
(= “It” refers to culture shock.)
In the previous sentence, the author uses the word “disease”, but here the word “ailments” is used. What is the difference between these two words?
Disease is a general term referring to an illness which affects a person, animal, or plant. Ailment refers to an illness that is not very serious. Obviously, culture shock is not a serious physical disease that is