汉英法律专业词汇.doc

汉英法律专业词汇（民商法学、经济法学）

民商法学、经济法学

Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws

按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment

办理注销登记：cancel the registration

被代理人：the principal

被侵权人 the infringed

本人名义：in one’s name

标的subject matter

补偿制度compensation system

不动产登记制　Lot and Block System

财产法 property law

财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession

财产抵押权 property mortgage

财产继承权：the right of inheritance

财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships

财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property

财产混同 confusion; hotchpot

财产留置权 encumbrance

采用书面形式：in writing

仓单 warehouse voucher

草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract

长期合同 long-term contract

偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement

超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency

撤消合同cancellation of contract  

撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract

撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation

撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer

撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will

承运人 actual fault of the carrier

承运人的留置权 carrier’s lien

诚信原则 principle of good faith

诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle

船舶承租人 charterer

船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage

船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship

船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship

船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage

船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship

村民委员会：the village committee

惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages

乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position

处分财产 dispose of properties

处分权 act of disposition

处分原则 principle of disposition

代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by

代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency

单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility

单方法律行为unilateral obligation

单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act

等价有偿：making compensation for equal value

对等原则　principle of reciprocity

对价consideration

对抗措施counter measure

对人权right in personam; personal right

对世权 real right; right in rem

恶意串通：conspire maliciously

恶意行为ill will mala fides

法人 judicial person; legal body

法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person

法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person

法人权限 corporate power

法人人格 corporate personality

法人身份 status of a legal person

法人团体 corporation

法人资格 corporate capacity

法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person

负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally

负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge

负有解释的义务 accountable

负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors

附带的条件 incident

附带要求 contingent claim

附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause

附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts

附条件的权利 conditional right

赋予权力 entitle

个体工商户：individual businesses

个人合伙：individual partnership

各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs

给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party

工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce

公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens

合同contract 合同法　contract law

合同副本 copies of the contract

合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations

合同履行地法 lex loci contractus

合同期限contract period (or contract term)

合同条款contract terms (or contract clause)

合同有效期contract life

合同正本 originals of the contract

合伙人：partners

合议制 collegial system

核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered

恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum

集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership

技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract

监护人：guardian

经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority

居民委员会：the neighborhood committee

履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship

埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object

买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred

农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households

平等主体：civil subjects with equal status

企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person

企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person

企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person

契约自由 liberty of contract

取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis

取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person

全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people

让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede

让与的利益 benefit of cession

让与权 benefit of cessioni

设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty

设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship

所有权 ownership

书面合同 a written contract

双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double

双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction

擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily

他物权 right over the property of another

提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge

违反合同breach of contract

委托代理：entrusted agency

委托代理人：an entrusted agent

无过错责任 liability without negligence

无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct

无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so

下落不明 one’s whereabouts have been unknown

限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct

享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors

行使代理权：exercise the power of agency

宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct

遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam

以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge

以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes

以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion

意思表示 show one’s intention

意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine

优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption

优先权 priority, preemptive right

有过错的一方：the erring party

有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally

有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto

造成财产损失：cause any property loss

责任能力 capacity for responsibility

责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion

债的标的 object of obligation

债的发生 creation of obligation

债的消灭 extinction of obligation

占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property

指定代理：appointed agency

执行合同 carry out a contract,   execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract

主要办事机构：the main administrative office

追偿：claim compensation from

住所：domicile
汉英法律专业词汇（刑法学、行政法学）

刑法学、行政法学

Criminal Laws and Administrative Laws

帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence

绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children

包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate

包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals

报复陷害罪case of retaliation and frame-ups

必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime

并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments

剥夺权利deprival of rights

不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense

参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities

超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction

超越职权范围 overstep one’s authority

惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment with leniency

惩办少数、改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many

惩罚措施 punitive measure

惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction

惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishment and education

处以刑罚 inflict punishment

处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment

触犯法律 break the law; violate the law

抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution

抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act

出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export

出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling counterfeit currency

出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law

出于恶意 from malevolence

从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment

从重处罚 give a severer punishment

单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit

单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime

盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees

盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives

盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist

渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty

对象不能犯 object impossibility

多次作案 repeatedly commit crimes

罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime

犯意 criminal intent; mens real

犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders

犯罪动机 criminal motive

犯罪构成 constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime

犯罪构成要件 special constitutive elements of crime

犯罪故意 criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea

犯罪集团 criminal gang; criminal group

犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime

犯罪客体 criminal object; object of a crime

犯罪实行终了 completion of a criminal act

犯罪学 criminology

犯罪预防 crime prevention

犯罪中止 discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime

犯罪主观方面要素 subjective elements of crime

犯罪主体 subject of crime

犯罪着手 initiate a crime

犯罪组织 criminal organization

贩卖毒品罪 drug offense; crime of drug trafficking

防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense

防卫挑拨 instigation of defense; provocation of defense

防卫限度 limit of defense

防止类似事件重演 prevent the recurrence of similar incidents

妨碍公务罪 crime of disrupting public service

妨害公共安全罪 crime of impairing public security

放弃权利 withdraw a claim; waive a right

非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪 crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition

非法持有毒品罪 crime of illegally holding drugs

非法干涉 illegal intervention

非法干预 unlawful interference

非法出售增值税专用发票罪 crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT

非法活动 unlawful activities

非法利益 unlawful interests

非法手段 illegal means

非强制性行政行为 non-coercive form of administrative action

非正式的 informal; irregular

非政府机关 non-governmental organization

非主要条件 non-essential stipulation

非专业的 non-professional

诽谤罪 crime of defamation

隔地犯 offense of segregation by location

隔时犯 offense of segregation by time

工具不能犯 impossibility of instruments

故意犯罪 calculated crime; intentional crime

故意杀人罪 crime of intentional homicide

故意伤害罪 crime of willful and malicious injury

管辖：jurisdiction

惯犯 habitual criminal

惯例 custom and usage

过失犯罪 criminal negligence; involuntary crime; negligent crime

国家赔偿案件 case of state compensation

国家赔偿的归责原则 principle of culpability for state compensation

国家赔偿的双重过错原则 principle of dual faults for state compensation

国家赔偿法 state compensation law

国家赔偿主体 subject of state compensation

国家权力机关 state authority

国际审判机关 state judicial organs

国家行政机关 state administrative organs

国家意志 state’s will

国家职能 function of the state

国民待遇 national treatment

黑社会性质的犯罪集团 gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang

缓期二年执行 with a two-year reprieve

缓刑 probate cessat executio

集合犯 aggregate offense; collective offense

既遂犯 accomplished crime

继承法 inheritance law

继续犯 continuous crime

加重处罚 give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed

假冒他人注册商标罪 crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another

假释 parole

假想防卫 imaginative defense

假想数罪 imaginatively several crimes

简单共同犯罪 simple joint crime

间接故意 indirect intent; indirect iintentino

教唆未遂 attempt of solicitation

劫持船只、汽车罪 crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile

劫持航空器罪 crime of skyjacking

结果犯 consequential offen

结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offense

结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offense se

拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪 crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the People’s Court

具结悔过 make a statement of repentence

具体行政行为 specific administrative act

具体罪名concrete accusation

绝对不确定法定刑 absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment

军人违反职责罪 crimes of soldiers violating military dutie

抗税罪 offense of resisting taxes

客体不能犯 object impossibility

空白罪状 blank facts about a crime

滥伐林木罪 crime of illegal denudation

累犯 recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense

连续犯罪 continuing crime

量刑 criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion

量刑不当 criterion for sentence

量刑幅度 extent for discretionary action of sentencing

虐待罪 crime of abusing member of one’s family

挪用公款案 case of misappropriation of public funds

偶犯 casual offender; casual offense

情节加重犯 aggravated offense by circumstances

情节特别严重 when the circumstances are particularly wicked

情节严重、构成犯罪的 when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime

取保候审 post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving

扰乱公共场所秩序罪 crime of disturbing order at public places

刑法 criminal law

刑罚 penalty; punishment

刑事责任能力 criminal capacity

行政法 administrative law; executive law

行政法规 administrative laws and regulations

行政法学 administrative jurisprudence

行政解释 administrative interpretation

行政救济 administrative remedy

预防犯罪 anti-crime

治安管理 security administration

治安条例 security regulations
汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）

Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution

按照法律规定according to law

按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit

按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt

案例教学法case system

案例汇编case book; case report; law report

柏拉图 Plato

《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950　（罗）

被视为be deemed as

被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal

比较法comparative law

比较法学comparative jurisprudence

比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence

比较法制史 comparative legal history

比较分析法method of comparative analysis

比较刑法comparative penal law

比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence

必然因果关系positive causal relationship

边缘法学borderline jurisprudence

变通办法adaptation; accommodation

补充规定supplementary provision

补救办法remedial measures

不成文法unwritten law

不成文宪法unwritten constitution

不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci

不可分割的权利impartible right

不可抗力 force majuere

不可侵犯性inviolability

不可让与性inalienability

不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation

不要式行为informal act

不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act

不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right

不作为abstain from an act; act of omission

部门法department law

部门规章regulation

参照 consult

参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions

参照原文 consult the original

查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus

查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum

超出法律范围的 outside of law

超出法律权限的 extralegal

超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction

成文法 written law

成文宪法　written constitution

冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict

冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict

除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)

除外条款 provisory clause

除外责任条款 exclusion clause

触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests

触犯国际利益 go against the state’s interests

触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests

传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law